Drs. F. Heemskerk Ministerie van Economische Zaken f.heemskerk [apstrt] minez [pnt] nl. Betreft: Noodzaak bescherming netwerkneutraliteit

Transcriptie

1 Stichting Bits of Freedom Postbus ES Amsterdam T: Drs. F. Heemskerk Ministerie van Economische Zaken f.heemskerk [apstrt] minez [pnt] nl F: M: E: ot.vandaalen [apstrt] bof [pnt] nl W: Bankrekening Bits of Freedom, Amsterdam Betreft: KVK-nr Noodzaak bescherming netwerkneutraliteit Datum: Amsterdam, 28 september 2009 Geachte heer Heemskerk, 1. Zoals u weet gaan de onderhandelingen over de herziening van het Europese telecommunicatie-kader een cruciale fase in. Vertegenwoordigers van het Europees Parlement (het Parlement ) en de Raad van Ministers (de Raad ) zullen de komende weken in een bemiddelingscomité in derde lezing proberen overeenstemming te bereiken over de herziening van dit kader. Daarbij zal worden besloten of ook over het beginsel van netwerkneutraliteit zal worden onderhandeld. 2. De Stichting Bits of Freedom ( Bits of Freedom ) verzoekt het kabinet tijdens de eerste bijeenkomst van het bemiddelingscomité erop aan te dringen dat deze onderhandelingen ook over het beginsel van netwerkneutraliteit zullen gaan, en in de komende onderhandelingen het beginsel van netwerkneutraliteit te beschermen. Dit beginsel komt erop neer dat internet service providers ( ISPs ) internetverkeer niet mogen discrimineren naar afkomst, doel of inhoud. Dit beginsel is een fundamenteel onderdeel van een vrij en open internet:! Netwerkneutraliteit is belangrijk voor de concurrentie: het garandeert dat gebruikers niet beperkt worden in hun toegang tot online toepassingen en diensten.! Het is belangrijk voor de kennisverspreiding: het garandeert dat ieder burger, ongeacht zijn financiële mogelijkheden en zijn sociale status, kan deelnemen aan de productie en verspreiding van informatie en kennis.! Het is belangrijk voor innovatie: het maakt dat iedere nieuwe speler op gelijke voet met gevestigde partijen kan innoveren en concurreren. 3. In de Verenigde Staten realiseert men zich al dat netwerkneutralitieit een essentieel fundament van het internet vormt, maar dat ISPs om commerciële redenen dit beginsel bij voorkeur zullen negeren. Daarom heeft de Amerikaanse Federal Communications 1 / 2

2 Commission aangekondigd dat zij ISPs zal verplichten het beginsel van netwerkneutraliteit te respecteren. 4. In Europa zijn door het Parlement in tweede lezing echter bepalingen aangenomen die ISPs een vergaande mogelijkheid zouden geven om internetverkeer te discrimineren. Deze bepalingen staan op gespannen voet met het beginsel van netwerkneutraliteit. Dit zijn artt b en 21.3.b van de wetgevingsresolutie van het Parlement van 6 mei 2009 over de herziening van de Universele Dienstenrichtlijn 2002/22/EG. Hieruit volgt dat het ISPs is toegestaan beperkingen inzake toegang tot en/of gebruik van diensten en toepassingen toe te passen (art b), en het verkeer te meten en vorm te geven, om te voorkomen dat een netwerkaansluiting vol- of overloopt (art bbis). 5. Tegelijkertijd is nog niet zeker dat bepalingen die het fundamentele recht op communicatievrijheid en privacy van iedere burger op het internet veilig stellen, ook in het telecommunicatie-kader worden opgenomen. Het Parlement heeft in eerste en tweede lezing een amendement aangenomen dat erop gericht is dit veilig te stellen (zie onder). Het onderstreepte daarmee dat een vonnis van een rechtbank vereist is om iemand van het internet af te sluiten en dat internetgebruikers recht hebben op vrijheid van meningsuiting en privacy. Het is waarschijnlijk dat dit amendement onderwerp van discussie wordt in de onderhandelingen in het bemiddelingscomité. Artikel 8.4.h van de Kaderrichtlijn 2002/21/EG zoals voorgesteld door het Parlement bepaalt dat er zonder voorafgaande beslissing van de rechter geen enkele beperking aan de fundamentele rechten en vrijheden van de eindgebruikers dient te worden opgelegd, met name overeenkomstig artikel 11 van het Handvest van de grondrechten van de Europese Unie over de vrijheid van meningsuiting en informatie, behalve wanneer de openbare veiligheid bedreigd wordt, waarbij de beslissing van de rechter nadien mag volgen. 6. De Raad moet samen met de leden van het Parlement de herziening van het telecommunicatie-kader aangrijpen om te garanderen dat ook in de toekomst het internet vrij en open blijft. Bits of Freedom dringt erop aan dat tijdens de bepaling van de reikwijdte van de onderhandelingen in het bemiddelingscomité, ook het beginsel van netwerkneutraliteit centraal staat. Bits of Freedom dringt vervolgens met klem aan op invoering van een amendement op Kaderrichtlijn 2002/21/EG dat netwerkneutraliteit in het telecommunicatiekader een fundamenteel regulatoir beginsel maakt, en op de verwijdering van zinsneden die op gespannen voet staan met dit beginsel. Graag verwijs ik naar de bijlage, waarin de noodzaak van de bescherming van netwerkneutraliteit nader wordt toegelicht (dit document is opgesteld door digitale burgerrechtenorganisatie La Quadrature du Net). 7. Bits of Freedom vertrouwt erop dat de Nederlandse overheid het belang van iedere burger bij een open en vrij internet tijdens de onderhandelingen zal verdedigen. Graag houd ik mij beschikbaar om het bovenstaande nader toe te lichten, als hieraan behoefte bestaat. Ik ben bereikbaar via bovengenoemde contactgegevens. Hoogachtend, Ot van Daalen Directeur Bits of Freedom 2 / 2

3 !"#$"%&"'()* $+,()--.!"#$%&$'()*+%$*+%,$"-.'$/ 0(*$1%*2%.%&#34*!-&5-)%!"#$%&'(!")#&*+,#-(,.(*(/%0.#,#)#,%0*+(1&,0/,1+"(%2(#3"(40#"&0"#5.( *&/3,#"/#)&"/(0$(123(4564"78"9(23(26("::747"6$(9"4"6$'2;7<"9(6"$15'=(269(123(9"37>6"9( $2>"/!"#$%&'(!")#&*+,#-(,.(#3"(.*2"6)*&7(%2(/,8,+(*07(3)9*0(&,63#.:(*07(%2(2*,&( '7>+$3(269(:'""95%3(5:(47$7<"63(56($+"(06$"'6"$(73(1+2$(73(&"76>(85$"9(56(76($+73(%2G5'(

4 2-9.%*#:*;#($%($4 21%*D#&'#EF&#(#3'&*G%(%:'$4*#:*+%$*+%,$"-.'$/??????????????????????????????????????????????????H A%),.-$'()*;#33,('&-$'#(4*0(:"-4$",&$,"%*-4*;#33#(4???????????????????????????????????I +%$*+%,$"-.'$/*D$'3,.-$%4*$1%*J"#K$1*#:*+%$K#"5*;-C-&'$'%4?????????????????????????????L F,"#C%*A'454*6-))'()*G%1'(8*':*'$*M-'.4*$#*!"#$%&$*+%$*+%,$"-.'$/????????????????????????N ;#(&%"(4*=9#,$*="$'&.%*OP<*OQ*-(8*A%&'$-.*OL*#:*$1%*2%.%&#34*!-&5-)%??????????????R S#K*2#*T-(8-$%*+%$*+%,$"-.'$/*'(*$1%*2%.%&#34*!-&5-)%?????????????????????????????????QO =((%U*O*V*F44%($'-.*A%-8'()4*#(*+%$*+%,$"-.'$/???????????????????????????????????????????????QL 21%*\%-.$1*#:*(%$K#"54<*]#&1-'*G%(5.%"<*G%"53-(*!"#:%44#"*#:*F($"%C"%(%,"'-.* 6%)-.*D$,8'%4*-$*S-"B-"8<*-(8*:-&,.$/*&#E8'"%&$#"*#:*$1%*G%"53-(*;%($%"*:#"* 0($%"(%$*-(8*D#&'%$/?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????QL 0($%"(%$*J#B%"(-(&%^*21%*+%U$*D$%C4?*;#33'44'#(*#:*$1%*F,"#C%-(*;#33,('$'%4????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????QR \1/*=2_2*`'..%8*J##).%*a#'&%<*=(8/*`%44.%"<*:#"3%"*S%8)%EM,(8*T-(-)%"?????????QR 0(:"-4$",&$,"%*;#33#(4*'(*F&#(#3'&*!%"4C%&$'B%<*G"%$$*T?*M"'4&13-((<*=44#&'-$%*!"#:%44#"*'(*$1%*D&1##.*#:*6-K*-$*6#/#.-*b('B%"4'$/*'(*;1'&-)#???????????????????????????QZ!"#$%"&'"()*"+,-#$./0*"(*1*2&##,0/2$(/&0+"2$-1*+!"#$%&$'()**+%$*+%,$"-.'$/*'(*$0%*1%.%&#23*!-&4-)%**5**6-*7,-8"-$,"%*8,*+%$**5**7

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`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aV0E(2##;742$7563( :'5%(%5&7;"($";"45%%@6742$7563(3"'874"3 b /(<0#,D!"#(0")#&*+,#-(1&*/#,/".(*&"(#3).( 2)07*9"0#*++-(*0#,D/%91"#,#,8"(*07(3*&9( /%0.)9"&.(*.($"++(*.("/%0%9,/(6&%$#3;( D+"A(97345@'2>"(766582$756(269('"3@;$(76('"6$J 3""=76>(&"+2875'3(:5'("3$2&;73+"9(#;2A"'3/(D+"A( #@$(&2''7"'3($5("6$'A($+2$(95(65$(2;;51($+"( "%"'>"64"(5:($+"(L6"?$(!=A#"M(5'(L6"?$(`55>;"M/( G1"0(*07("E),#*>+"(*//"..(#%(#3"( /%99)0,/*#,%0.(,02&*.#&)/#)&"(,.(#3"( 2%)07*#,%0(%2(.%/,*+(*07("/%0%9,/(>"0"2,#.( *07(0""7.(#%(>"(1&"."&8"7 ) O($+5'5@>+(58"'87"1(5:($+"(12A(6"1(6"$15'="9($"4+65;5>7"3( $'263:5'%(%2'="$3(73(5::"'"9(76(=>'?@'1)+>?$-?%'+!$.2&,(&A( c54+27(b"6=;"'_( >++<A//#B0'.")1!">1.C1.3"'3,/!'1)+>;$-;%'+!$.2&/9$!%)$ 13;D9E&;$-;+>';0$$2 b!@4+(3$'2$">a(73(&"76>(#@'3@"9(&a($";"45%(5#"'2$5'3(;7="( V'26>"(269(V)(76(F@'5#"(5'(ODdD(76($+"(e67$"9(!$2$"3/(D+"3"( 45%#267"3(+28"(@67;2$"'2;;A(9"479"9($5(9732&;"($+"(@3"(5:($+"(!=A#"(7E+56"(2##;742$756(58"'($+"7'(b`(6"$15'=3_( >++<A//!!!"(%+$F$0()'"#$F/4556/5G/5H/&2B<'*-$.* (<>$%'*01%%'3*0B*#1..('.&*(%*,&*',.$<'">+F)!"#$%&$'()**+%$*+%,$"-.'$/*'(*$0%*1%.%&#23*!-&4-)%**5**6-*7,-8"-$,"%*8,*+%$**5**9

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e(3$7%@;@3(#24=2>"(!"!""('"#5'$(&A($+"(O\YFE,($+"(X'"64+(62$7562;('">@;2$5'_( >++<A//!!!"1.#'<"-./-()'13F(%/,<)$13&/+I;J&<,0)(#1+($%/.1<< $.+*0()1%*.(<*44K458"<3- '@'2;(&'529&269 f,(1+7;"(76(x'264",($+"( :'5%($+"('"458"'A(#;26(+29(&""6("2'%2'="9($5( $+2$("69 h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

8 +%$*+%,$"-.'$/*D$'3,.-$%4*$1%*J"#K$1*#:*+%$K#"5*;-C-&'$'%4?3"(8"&-(,02&*.#&)/#)&"(%2(#3"(40#"&0"#($*.( 0%#(7".,60"7(2%&(*0-(1*&#,/)+*&(."&8,/"(*07( 3"'874"3(269(2##;742$7563/(0$(426(&"(3279($+2$($+"( 06$"'6"$,(979(65$(295#$(1+2$(123($+"(95%7626$( $";"45%(5#"'2$5'3(87"1(76($+"(W.h-3(269("2';A( 2##;742$756/(06($+2$(12A,(%1"00"..($%)+7(6,8"( "07D)."&.(#%#*+(/%0#&%+(,0(#3"($*-(#3"-( $*0#(#%(9*'"()."(%2(#3"(0"#$%&';(I%0#&%+( $*.(1).3"7(*#(#3"("76".;( 768"6$756(76($+"(+73$5'A(5:(%26=769($+2$(+23( 342;"9(3"2%;"33;A(:'5%(26("?#"'7%"6$(4566"4$76>( *(5'(f(;542;(6"$15'=3(5:('"3"2'4+(4"6$"'3($5(2( >;5&2;(6"$15'=(4566"4$76>(2(&7;;756(269(2(+2;:( $'2::74(76()-(A"2'3 Z (PW----(%7;;7563($7%"3Q/(B@$( $+73(123(56;A($+"(3$2'$(5:(2(;56>(3$5'A(5:( $756/(06(3#7$"(5:($+"(+@>"(3@44"33"3(76($+73( +73$5'A,(3@4+(23(`55>;",(1"(%@3$(65$(:5'>"$($+"( 7%%"63"(1"2;$+(4'"2$"9(&A(+@69'"9(5:($+5@32693( 5:(3%2;;(24$5'3,(:'5%(37%#;"(1"&(37$"3(9"37>6"'3($5( $5'3(76(K"&(3"'874"3/(F8"6($+"(;2'>"( 3@44"33"3(979(3$2'$(23(3%2;;(8"6$@'"3,(766582$76>( 2$($+"(#"'7#+"'A(5:($+"(H"$/(K7$+($+"(2''782;(5:( 6"1($"4+65;5>7"3,(06$"'6"$(2##;742$7563(&"42%"( %5'"(35#+73$742$"9(269(%5'"(9"%26976>(76($"'%3( 5:(6"$15'=(42#247$7"3/(?%(7"+,8"&(#3"."( Z((!""_(O69'"1(V9;A<=5,?[%+'.%'+?+.1--(#?J.$!+>A?\$,.#'&?1%3? (F<)(#1+($%&]? +$$#_kk111/9$4/@%6/"9@kl59;a<=5k954k7$45%/76$"'6"$/>'51$+/# 9:(/D+"'"(73(9"&2$"(56(1+"$+"'($+73(2&7;7$A($5(342;"(@#(73($592A( "6926>"'"9(&A(26(244";"'2$756(5:($+"(>'51$+('2$"(5:($'2::74/( O69'"1(V9;A<=5,($+"(;"2976>("?#"'$(56(06$"'6"$(3$2$73$743(269( %59";76>(3$'"33"3($+2$($+73(4;27%(73(65$(:5@69"9/(!""(O69'"1( V9;A<=5,(D+'"2$3($5($+"(06$"'6"$_(D55(]@4+(5'(D55(I7$$;"( `'51$+m,(+$$#_kk111/76$"'6"$"85;@$756/45%k2@$+5'/23#m 3"4$756n79of.)d954n79oW*hZ*Zd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p3(+5%"($5($+"(%276(6"$15'=Q/ %"O('"23562&;"(6"$15'=(%262>"%"6$(#'24$74"(2;;513(26(5#"'2$5'( $5(456$'5;($+"7'(6"$15'=(2>2763$(3"4@'7$A(#'5&;"%3(269($5(3+2'"( $+"(2827;2&;"(&269179$+(17$+5@$(9734'7%762$756(2>2763$(2;;(@3"'3!"#$%&$'()**+%$*+%,$"-.'$/*'(*$0%*1%.%&#23*!-&4-)%**5**6-*7,-8"-$,"%*8,*+%$**5**;

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`" =7(76373$"9,(7$( :285'3(4563@%"'3(23(1";;(23(766582$78"( &@376"33"3_(R!"#$%&'#(&#'$)*+'$,-&'.&*#$'-$ /00-1$*+#(+$'-$2#,.2#$1"/'$,-&'#&'$/&2$ /330.,/'.-&+$+*,,##2S/(T51"8"',(7$(3+5@;9(&"( 65$"9($+2$(Y+27'%26(`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e(#'5>'2%($+"(F@'5#"26(Y5%%733756(&"%5263( $+2$(R4*(-3#$.+$/'$(.+5$-6$0-+.&7$.'+ $,-)3#'.'.8#$#27#$1"#&$.'$,-)#+$'-$&#19$.&&-8/'.8#$2#8#0-3)#&'+S/(0$(2;35(65$"3($+2$( F@'5#"(73(;2>>76>(&"+769($+"(e67$"9(!$2$"3(76($+"( 9"8";5#%"6$(5:(766582$78"(3"'874"3(269( 2##;742$7563/(c"$,(7:($+"(26$7JH"$(H"@$'2;7$A( #' (4@''"6$;A(456$276"9(76($+"(D";"45%3( #24=2>"(1"'"(#233"9,($+"(37$@2$756(45@;9( 926>"'5@3;A(2>>'282$"/ D+"(XYYR3(2665@64"%"6$(#@$3($+"(e/!(2(&7>(3$"#( 4;53"'($5("6:5'476>(H"$(6"@$'2;7$A/(0:(F@'5#"( 95"36R$(95($+"(32%",(F@'5#"26(47$7<"63(269( &@376"33"3(17;;(&"(2$( $2>"(17$+(e/!( 45@6$"'#2'$3/(4#(,.(0%#(%0+-(H)&%1"5.( /%91"#,#,8"+-(#3*#(,.(*#(.#*'":(>)#(*+.%(#3"(.%/,*+(*07(7"9%/&*#,/(>"0"2,#.(>&%)63#( *>%)#(>-(#3"(40#"&0"#;.?X7:$+(#'7647#;"(5:(656J9734'7%762$756(J( >++<A//!!!"$<'%(%+'.%'+"J$C/.'13*&<''#>">+F)`0$$27 &'"!7?$+(#'7647#;"(5:($'263#2'"64A(J( >++<A//!!!"$<'%(%+'.%'+"J$C/.'13*&<''#>">+F)`0$$2H!"#$%&$'()**+%$*+%,$"-.'$/*'(*$0%*1%.%&#23*!-&4-)%**5**6-*7,-8"-$,"%*8,*+%$**5**<

10 ;#(&%"(4*=9#,$*="$'&.%*OP<*OQ*-(8*A%&'$-.*OL*#:*$1%* 2%.%&#34*!-&5-)% %59";3(5:($+"(06$"'6"$, M.+(#)'?45"K"0"4 M.+(#)'?4K"S"0 L'#(+1)?a4Hb!(2'"(2(4;"2'(973764"6$78"($5($+"(%59";(&23"9(56( 47$7<"63/ D+"(456$'24$(3+2;;(3#"47:A(76(2(4;"2',(45%#'"+"6378"(269("237;A(244"337&;"(:5'%(2$(;"23$( /%07,#,%0.(+,9,#,06(*//"..(#%(*07T%&()."(%2(."&8,/".(*07(*11+,/*#,%0.:( $3"&"(.)/3(/%07,#,%0.(*&"(*++%$"7()07"&(0*#,%0*+(+*$(,0(*//%&7*0/"($,#3( I%99)0,#-(+*$; /3*06"(#%(/%07,#,%0.(+,9,#,06(*//"..(#%(*07T%&()."(%2(."&8,/".(*07( *11+,/*#,%0.:($3"&"(.)/3(/%07,#,%0.(*&"(*++%$"7()07"&(0*#,%0*+(+*$(,0( *//%&7*0/"($,#3(I%99)0,#-(+*$; 9">'292$756(5:(3"'874",($+"(&;54=76>(5:(244"33(269($+"(3;5176>(5:($'2::74(58"'(6"$15'=3/( #%(9"*.)&"(*07(.3*1"(#&*22,/(%0(*(0"#$%&'(+,0'(.%(*.(#%(*8%,7(2,++,06(#3"( +,0'(#%(/*1*/,#-(%&(%8"&2,++,06(#3"(+,0':($3,/3($%)+7(&".)+#(,0(0"#$%&'( *)#3%&,#,".(*&"("91%$"&"7(#%(#*'"(*/#,%0(#%(*77&"..(7"6&*7*#,%0(%2(."&8,/":(,0/+)7,06(#3"(3,07"&,06(%&(.+%$,06(7%$0(%2(#&*22,/:(#%(#3"( 7"#&,9"0#(%2(/%0.)9"&./(!"#$%&$'()**+%$*+%,$"-.'$/*'(*$0%*1%.%&#23*!-&4-)%**5**6-*7,-8"-$,"%*8,*+%$**5**=

11 T51"8"',(3764"( $"6$('"%"97"3(426(7%#27'($+"(24+7"8"%"6$(5:($+"(76$"'62;( 2##;742$ '"3#"4$($5(62$7562;(;213,(244"33($5(26A(456$"6$(269( ;7%7$"9(&A(5#"'2$5'3/(?3,.(,.(,0(#%#*+( /%0#&*7,/#,%0($,#3(#3"(".."0/"(%2(40#"&0"#:( $3"&"(#3"(%1"&*#%&.(7%05#(&"6)+*#"(%&(,02+)"0/"(#3",&(/).#%9"&.5(1"&.%0*+().".;(0$( 1+"'"(a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

12 $+"(;76=($5(42#247$A(5'(58"':7;;76>($+"(;76=/// D+"(%59";(5:(9"8";5#%"6$(5:($+"(06$"'6"$(+23( 2;12A3(&""6(&23"9(56(299'"3376>(42#247$A( 4563$'276$3(&A(768"3$76>(56(&269179$+/(?3,.(,08".#9"0#(9%7"+(*++%$.(2%&(0"$( &".%)&/".(*77"7(>-(#3"(%1"&*#%&.(#%(>"( )."7(2%&(#3"(>"0"2,#(%2(*++()."&.:(#3).( "0*>+,06(#3"(6&%$#3(%2(#3"(0"#$%&'(*07(,#.( 45%#267"3(;542$"9(56($+"("9>"(P5:$"6(56($+"( L&;""976>M("9>"Q(5:($+"(6"$15'=(426('"24+($+"7'( 4+264"(23($+"(95%7626$(#;2A"'3/(`576>(2>2763$( 5'9"'($5(>276(%5'"(456$'5;(58"'($+"7'(#2'$(5:($+"( 6"$15'=,($5( $"(7$(76(#'24$74"(:'5%($+"( 76$"'4566"4$"9(6"$15'=,(;"2976>($5(26$7J 45%#"$7$78"(&2''7"'3/!"#$%&'(9*0*6"9"0#(9"*.)&".(.3%)+7( %0+-(>"()."7(#%(#"91%&*&,+-(*77&"..( 0"#$%&'(/%06".#,%0(*07(/*1*/,#-( :5'($+"(&"6":7$(5:(2;;,(73($5(>)-(9%&"(>*07$,7#3/( 2>2763$(456$"6$,(3"'874"3(5'(2##;742$7563/(06( '"2;7$A,($"('0%$(#3*#(%1"&*#%&.(*&"(#"91#"7( #%()."(Z#&*22,/(9*0*6"9"0#F("E),19"0#(#%( Z/%0#&%+(1""&D#%D1""&F(#&*22,/;(06($+"(e!,($+"( ;">7$7%2$"(#'24$74"(76(7$3(5'9"'($5($+"(6"$15'=( 5#"'2$5'(Y5%423$ WW /(?&*22,/(9*0*6"9"0#("E),19"0#.(#3*#(#3"( 0"#$%&'(%1"&*#%&.(*&"(,0.#*++,06:(*07(#%( $3,/3(#3"."(*9"079"0#.(*11+-:()."(*( =651;"9>",(73($"4+6742;;A(76$"'4"#$756(269( 2;;513(5#"'2$5'3($5("6>2>"(76,(2%56>(5$+"'($+76>3,( $'2::74(3+2#76>(1+"'"&A(97::"'"6$($A#"3(5:($'2::74( WW (!""_(Y$FF(&&($%?R.3'.&?:$F#1&+?+$?Q%3?9(&#.(F(%1+$.B? %'+!$.2?P1%1J'F'%+?D.1#+(#'&?E::?M--(.F&?[+&?M,+>$.(+B?+$? D.$+'#+?c(0.1%+?1%3?R<'%?[%+'.%'+? )[*)[how/#9: "%27;(269(1"&,(426(&"(3;51"9(9516,(3$5##"9(5'( '"J#'75'7$7<"9(2445'976>($5($+"(5#"'2$5'p3( 9" /(4#(*+.%("0*>+".($3*#(,.('0%$0(*.( R1%+,/-(9*0*6"9"0#S(#3*#(/%)+7(*++%$( %1"&*#%&.(#%(."#(7,22"&"0#(&)+".(2%&( 7,22"&"0#(/).#%9"&.;(O3(2(37%#;"("?2%#;"(5:( L$'2::74(#'75'7$7<2$756M(269(L#'":"''"9(3"'874"( 9";78"'AM/(?3"-(*&"(*+.%(+%%',06(#%$*&7.( 1&"2"&&"7(1*&#0"&.3,1.($,#3(/%0#"0#( 1&%8,7"&.:(2%&(&"8"0)"(.3*&,06;(O3(2(%2$$"'( 8"695'3/!"#$%&$'()**+%$*+%,$"-.'$/*'(*$0%*1%.%&#23*!-&4-)%**5**6-*7,-8"-$,"%*8,*+%$**5**6?

13 #576$3(76($+"(6"$15'=,(4'"2$76>(4+5="(#576$3(5'( 9734'7%762$76>(2>2763$(3#"47:74(3"'874"3(5'( #'5$545;3/(]26A(#'5879"'3("?#"'7"64"(456>"3$756( 92$2(&24=(:'5%($+"(#576$(5:(244"33($5($+"(6"$15'=( 0"#$%&'(2*/,+,#,".(*07(>*07$,7#3(,.(*0( *11&%1&,*#"($*-(#%(7"*+($,#3(#3,.(1&%>+"9;(?3,.(1&,0/,1+"(*11+,".(#%(9%>,+"(*07(2,["7( 0"#$%&'.(*+,'";( K+7;"(5#"'2$5'3(%2A(4;27%($5(&"(9"2;76>(17$+( 456>"3$756,($+"'"(2'"(2;35("?#"'$3(1+5(&";7"8"($+2$( &A(764'"2376>($+"(45%#;"?7$A(5:($+"(6"$15'=,( '"3#"4$($5($'2::74(%262>"%"6$(3A3$"%3,($+"'"(2'"( 97::"'"6$("::"4$3(9"#"6976>(56(1+"$+"'($+"( $512'93($+"("9>"/(X5'("?2%#;",($+"'"(73(2(423"( &"76>("?2%76"9(76(Y26292 W),(1+"'"(2(6"$15'=( #'5879"'(3;51"9(9516(E)E($'2::74(76($+"(45'"(5:( 95163$'"2%(6"$15'=3($+2$(1"'"(5#"'2$"9(&A( 97::"'"6$(45%#267"3/( 0%#(&"+*#"7(#%(/%91"#,#,%0(+*$(*07($%)+7( 0%&9*++-(2*++()07"&(#3"(7)#,".(%2(#3"( #5337&7;7$7"3(:5'(76$"'8"6$756(2$(Fe(269(]"%&"'(!$2$"(;"8";/( W) D+"(Y (O335472$756(5:(06$"'6"$(E'5879"'3(23="9($+"( 56(7$3(45'"(6"$15'=/(>++<A//!!!"<4<%'+"%'+/&+,--/:M[D d45-(%1)1%&!'."<3-!"#$%&$'()**+%$*+%,$"-.'$/*'(*$0%*1%.%&#23*!-&4-)%**5**6-*7,-8"-$,"%*8,*+%$**5**66

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e678"'32;(!"'874"(N7'"4$78"(269(2%"69($+"(X'2%"15'=( N7'"4$78",!(269(4;"2';A(9*',06(!"#(0")#&*+,#-(*( 2)07*9"0#*+(&"6)+*#%&-(1&,0/,1+"(,0(#3"( H)&%1"*0(#"+"/%99)0,/*#,%0.(9*&'"#/!"#$%&$'()**+%$*+%,$"-.'$/*'(*$0%*1%.%&#23*!-&4-)%**5**6-*7,-8"-$,"%*8,*+%$**5**67

15 =((%U*Q*V*WC%(*6%$$%"*$#*$1%*F,"#C%-(*!-".'-3%($* XQNYPZYOPPZ[ \%*T,4$*!"#$%&$*+%$*+%,$"-.'$/*'(*F,"#C%c ;7%7$76>(244"33($5(2##;742$7563(269(3"'874"3/( 76:5'%2$756($'263%7$$"9(58"'($+"(6"$15'=/ >;5&"(+23(244"33($5($+"(32%"(06$"'6"$,(269("8"6( 17$+($+"(;"2976>(>;5&2;("6$"'#'73"3/(]5'"58"',(H"$( 9"8";5#%"6$(%59";(&23"9(56($+"(>'51$+(5:(2( 768"3$%"6$3(76(:7;$"'76>(269(456$'5;;76>/(V6;A( 269(4'"2$78"(%2'="$3/ '7%762$5'A(#'24$74"3,(9"$'7%"6$2;($5(&5$+( #'24$74"3/ #'782$"(24$5'3/(K"(42;;(56($+"(]"%&"'3(5:($+"( 56>576>(6">5$72$756(5:($+"(D";"45%3(E24=2>"(76(

16 ?3"(2,&.#(.,60*#%&,".(%2(#3,.(+"##"&(*&"(\,0(*+13*>"#,/*+(%&7"&]K 58"'(b--,---(%"%&"'3/( O#'7;(J(X'264" O#'7;(73($+"(%276(X'"64+( A( $756(9"85$"9($5(#'5%5$"(269(#'5$"4$( X'""kI7&'"(!5:$12'"( B7$3(5:(X'""95%(J(D+"(H"$+"'; ;76"(:'""95%(5:(3#""4+/( "t>2"(j(!#276 D+"(:7'3$(;">2;(29874"(3"'874"(3#"472;73"9(76($+"(;7&"'2$756(5:(2;;(47$7<"63(269( Fuvwxyz{{ (}y {~ ( u} y~ (PF;"4$'5674(X'56$7"'(B@;>2'72Q(J(B@;>2'72 FXB(9":"69(+@%26('7>+$3(76($+"(97>7$2;(15';9(269($+"(06$"'6"$/( XX00("/a/(PX5@692$756(:5'(2(X'""(06:5'%2$756(06:'23$'@4$@'"Q(J(F@'5#" D+"(X5@692$756(:5'(2(X'""(06:5'%2$756(06:'23$'@4$@'"(PXX00Q(73(2(656J#'5:7$( 5'>26732$756(9"9742$"9($5("3$2&;73+76>(2(:'""(%2'="$(76(76:5'%2$756($"4+65;5>A,( &A($+"('"%582;(5:(&2''7"'3($5(45%#"$7$756/( Xƒ'"676>"6(:'7(=@;$@'(d(#'5>'2%82'2(J(!1"9"6 XX E(73(2(656J#'5:7$(5'>26732$756($+2$(:53$"'(:'""(4@;$@'"(269(5#"6(35@'4"( 35:$12'"/( X'""(T2'912'"(X5@692$756(J(0$2;A I2(X'""(T2'912'"(X5@692$756(37(7%#">62(6";;2('"2;7<<2<756"(9";;2(Y787;$ (9";;2( Y "(9";;2(Y56534"6<2,(2$$'28"'35(7(82;5'7(9";;2(Y55#"'2<756",(9";;2( Y ",(9";;2(Y'"2$787$,(9";;2(I"2;$,(9";;2(Y5;;2&5'2<756",(9";;2( D'23#2'"6<2,(9";;2(a5;56$ (97(E2'$"47#2'"("(97(:2'(E2'$"47#2'",(9";;2(!53$"67&7;7$,(%2(35#'2$$@$$5(9";;2(I7&"'$ /( X'""( 651;"9>"(063$7$@$"(J(F@'5#" D+"(X'""( 651;"9>"(063$7$@$"(PX 0Q(73(2(656J#'5:7$(5'>26732$756($+2$(:53$"'3($+"( :'""("?4+26>"(5:(=651;"9>"(76(2;;(2'"23(5:(3547"$A/( X'"64+(N2$2(H"$15'=(J(X'264" XNH(73($+"(5;9"3$(06$"'6"$(244"33(#'5879"'(76(X'264"/(0$(73(2(656J#'5:7$,( 85;@6$""'J&23"9(5'>267<2$756/( T24=$7873$23(J(!#276 O6(5#"6($"4+65;5>A("6$+@3723$3(45;;"4$78"(:54@376>(56(:'""(4@;$@'",(:'""(3547"$A( 269(#'7824A/( 0!VYJFYY(J(F@'5#" 0!VYJFYY(455'9762$"3($+"(15'=(5:($+"(F@'5#"26(0!VY(Y+2#$"'3/(0$(+";#3($5( "9@42$"(F@'5#"26(@3"'3,(769@3$'A(269('"3"2'4+"'3(269(:53$"'3($+"7'( #2'$747#2$756(76(9"473756J%2=76>(#'54"33"3(2&5@$(06$"'6"$J'";2$"9(733@"3/(!"#$%&$'()**+%$*+%,$"-.'$/*'(*$0%*1%.%&#23*!-&4-)%**5**6-*7,-8"-$,"%*8,*+%$**5**69

17 0DJE5;7$742;(O335472$756(5:(N"6%2'=(J(N"6%2'= 0DJE5;7$73=(X5'"676>(2'&"G9"'(:5'(2$(76932%;"(879"6(5%(0D(5>(:5'%79;"(9"6($7;( I2( I2( %"62476>(4787;(;7&"'$7"3(23(1";;(23("4565%74(269(35472;(9"8";5#%"6$(76($+"( 97>7$2;(2>"/( 76>95% (269(Fe(47$7<"63( '7>+$3(76($+"(97>7$2;(2>"/( 76>95% V#"6(a79"5(O;;7264"(J(06$"'62$7562; :'""(269(5#"6($"4+65;5>7"3,(#5;747"3,(269(#'24$74"3(76(56;76"(879"5/( #"5#;"(1+5("6>2>"(76(:'""(%58"%"6$(5:(=651;"9>",(76(45#A'7>+$('":5'%(269(76( 76$"'6"$/( exy(j( a'7g34+'7:$(j(d+"(h"$+"';2693

18 =((%U*O*V*F44%($'-.*A%-8'()4*#(*+%$*+%,$"-.'$/!"#$%#&'("$)*$+#(,)-./0*]#&1-'*G%(5.%"<*G%"53-(*!"#:%44#"*#:* F($"%C"%(%,"'-.*6%)-.*D$,8'%4*-$*S-"B-"8<*-(8*:-&,.$/*&#E8'"%&$#"*#:* $1%*G%"53-(*;%($%"*:#"*0($%"(%$*-(8*D#&'%$/? c2;"(e678"'37$a(e'"33,()--h/( 3k!"6$"64"J 3;74"9nD"?$nY+2#$"'nf 5'%2$756n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