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Inkomensonderzoek bij literaire vertalers in Vlaanderen INLEIDING Het aandeel vertalingen op de totale Nederlandstalige literaire boekproductie is vandaag groter dan ooit: meer dan de helft van de fictietitels in de Vlaamse en Nederlandse boekhandels zijn vertalingen. De Standaard berichtte in 2007 dat niet meer dan 0% van die vertalingen door Vlaamse vertalers gemaakt werden, en dat er niet meer dan een dozijn literaire vertalers fulltime aan het werk zijn in Vlaanderen. Dat cijfer wordt vandaag overigens sterk in twijfel getrokken door de Vlaamse literaire vertalers zelf: fulltime literaire vertalers zouden op hand te tellen zijn. Ook Humbeeck 2 onderzocht de werkomstandigheden van vertalers. Uit zijn culturele veldanalyse bleek dat er op de Nederlandstalige markt naar verhouding minder Vlaamse dan Nederlandse vertalers van literatuur actief zijn. De Vlaamse respondenten uit het onderzoek klaagden over het feit dat ze als literair vertaler minder gemakkelijk aan de bak komen dan hun Nederlandse collega s. Ze veroveren bovendien geen groter marktaandeel op hun Nederlandse concurrenten naarmate hun literaire vertaalcarrière vordert. De relatie tussen Nederland en Vlaanderen op vlak van literair vertalen is niet gelijkwaardig: alle grote uitgeverijen zijn gevestigd in Nederland, de Nederlandse afzetmarkt is groter dan de Vlaamse en zowel Nederlandse als Vlaamse uitgevers kiezen daarom vaak voor Nederlandse vertalers. Als reden daarvoor wordt aangehaald dat het Nederlands van Vlaamse vertalers ontoereikend zou zijn en niet voldoet aan het zogenaamde randstadidioom. Maar op de markt onderscheiden Vlaamse vertalers zich door hun sterkte in het vertalen van klassiekers en poëzie. Carlo Van Baelen, directeur van het Vlaams Fonds voor de Letteren, benadrukt in deze context het belang van marktcorrigerende subsidies: Nederland in de markt, Vlaanderen in de upmarket. 3 Reden genoeg voor de Vlaamse Auteursvereniging om ook de financiële situatie van Vlaamse literaire vertalers in kaart te brengen. Omdat zoals een van de vertalers zelf aangaf kennis van het veld leidt tot appreciatie van het veld. Zonder die kennis van het veld staan er misschien besparingsmaatregelen op stapel die een bloeiende vertaalcultuur beknotten. Dit rapport kwam tot stand dankzij een toelage die de Vlaamse minister van cultuur, Joke Schauvliege, beschikbaar stelt via het Vlaams Fonds voor de Letteren en met de financiële steun van het Innovatie- en Ontwikkelingsfonds (IO) van Librius, de beheersvennootschap van de Vlaamse Boekuitgevers. Zie Overigens schitterend vertaald (2008): Ter vergelijking: in Engeland bedraagt dat aandeel 3%, in Duitsland 7% en in Frankrijk 4%. 2 Literair vertalen: van twee kanten bekeken (2006) 3 Zie De Standaard, 26 januari 2007. Vlaamse Auteursvereniging 2
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