HOU-NLD3 Energy Performance Coefficient (Energie Prestatie Coëfficiënt, EPC)

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1 Title of the measure: HOU-NLD3 Energy Performance Coefficient (Energie Prestatie Coëfficiënt, EPC) General description The Building Decree from 1992 already contained requirements for thermal insulation and air permeability of the outer layer of dwellings and buildings. In line with the policy for sustainable building a better way to achieve energy efficiency was found in the Energy Performance Standard (EPN in Dutch) that was introduced in This EPN was already announced in the policy bills on Sustainable Building (1990) and on Energy Saving (1990). For the sector Households the Energy Performance Standard enables calculation of the overall energy performance of a new dwelling and its heating, ventilation, airconditioning. Also Energy Performance Coefficients for other buildings than dwelling exists (see TER- NLD1 Building Decree and Energy Performance Standard). The standard consists of a standardised method for the calculation of an Energy Performance Coefficient (EPC) for a new dwelling, which relates the reference energy use to the size of the house (surface size of outer building and the floors of the heated part) The values of the constant factors in the equation which determine the reference figure are chosen in such a way that a new Dutch house of an average size and shape has an annual primary energy demand of 1000 cubic metres of natural gas equivalent, when its EPC would be 1,0. The maximum allowed EPC has been gradually tightened and set on 0.6 from 1 th January 2011 and on 0.4 from 1 th January 2015 (see table 1). The EPC of 0,4 results in an energy consumption for space heating that is comparable to the Passive house concept (15 kwh/m 2 ). For further tightening the government is of favour of change to an almost zero energy house (bijna energieneutraal gebouw, BENG) for the period after 2020: this will regulate not only the energy use, but also the generated renewable energy. The new houses have all (at least) an energy label A (see HOU-NLD17 for the building label). Table 1 maximum allowed EPC Period Energy Performance Coefficient present 0.4 The essential feature of this regulation is the freedom to choose any combination of measures that meet the required EPC. These measures come on top of some minimum insulation demands in the Building Decree 1991 and 2002 (see HOU-NLD7 and HOU-NLD9) that have been maintained. EPC is included in the first, second and third NEEAP. Impact evaluation (methods and results) Methods The distribution of the EPC values in the new build houses are based on samples for building permits. The energy uses are available from a monitoring study with data from the energy bills (Novem 2004) and an evaluation study based on reported energy use by households (ECN 2010). Results Distribution of new built houses concerning EPC-value 2001, 2003

2 Number 2001 % Number 2003 % EPC < 0, , ,6 0,8=> EPC < 1, , ,5 EPC => 1, , ,9 Source: SenterNovem, 2004 New built houses d by green money, Total Green 2002 Total Green 2003 Total Green EPC < 0, ,8=> EPC < 1, EPC => 1, Total Source: SenterNovem, 2004 Distribution of new built houses concerning EPC-value Both impact studies showed a relative high variation in energy use in houses with the same EPC value. In 2004 is was concluded that the average annual natural gas use: - For new build houses with a epc <= 0.8 is for 95% between m3 - For new build houses with a epc is for 95% between 977 1,131 m3 - For new build houses with a epc is for 95% between 1,055 1,131 m3 In 2010 it was concluded that the reported natural gas use in houses with an epc ranging below 1.0 value was on average 1,400 m3, but with a with variation. It was estimated that the impact of the lower EPC (0.8 in stead of 1.0) only resulted in a saving of about 8% (110 m3 natural gas) and not in the anticipated 20%. It seems that the use of the house and behaviour of the persons have an more significant impact on the energy use then assumed within the EPC. Reported natural gas use (normal temperature year) in new build houses, 2010

Source: Menkveld, 2010 Permits for new houses

2 (kt) Energy (TJ) Ex-ante evaluation 1995 2000

3 Source: Menkveld, 2010 Permits for new houses and EPC values, Source: RVO, Monitoring Energiebesparing in gebouwde omgeving, 2016 Ex-post evaluation CO 2 (kt) Energy (TJ) Ex-ante evaluation CO 2 (kt) Energy (TJ) Measure Impact Level low medium high

4 Interaction of measures Mitigating interactions with: HOU-NLD01: Energy Tax HOU-NLD02: Sustainable building programme HOU-NLD07: Building decree 2002 HOU-NLD23: Financial support homeowners HOU-NLD09: Building decree 1991 (completed) HOU-NLD13: Energy Premiums (completed) Reinforcing interactions: None Historical data In the period about permits to build new houses were provided, more or less the same number per year. In the period permits were provide, while since late 2000 there is a sharp decrease to just over permits in the year Since 2014 the number of permits are increasing. Year Number of Permits Year Number of Permits Year Number of Permits Source: CBS, Statline, November 2016 References AgentschapNL, 2013, Monitor energiebesparing gebouwde omgeving 2012, versie CBS,Statline, Nieuwbouwwoningen; afgegeven vergunningen naar opdrachtgever, eigendomsvorm Jeeninga H. (ECN), Honig E.(RIVM), Dril A.W.N. van (ECN), Harmsen R.(ECN): Effect van energie- en milieubeleid op broeikasgasemissies in de periode , Petten (Netherlands), ECN-C Menkveld, M (ECN) en Leidelmeijer, K. (Rigo), 2010, Evaluatie EPC-aanscherping woningen, ECN- E RVO, januari 2015, Gerealiseerde nieuwbouwwoningen met EPC kleiner dan 0,4 kleiner%200%204.pdf

5 RVO, november 2016, Monitor energiebesparing in de gebouwde omgeving % pdf Novem, 2004, EPC en energieverbruik nieuwbouwwoningen SenterNovem, 2004, Voortgang klimaatbeleid gebouwde omgeving 2003 SenterNovem, 2008, De EPC: toetsen en toezicht houden

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