Past Simple Hele werkwoord + ed OF Onregelmatig werkwoord (2 e rijtje) I You He She It walked studied played laughed worked We went You taught They knew Wanneer gebruik je de past simple? Als iets in het verleden is gebeurd en in het verleden is afgelopen. I walked to school. (Dit zeg je bijvoorbeeld tijdens de lunch als je al even op school bent.) He played a match yesterday. (Het signaalwoord gisteren geeft aan dat de wedstrijd is afgelopen.) The train left at 6.00. (Je zag m toen vertrekken of je weet dat hij op dat moment vertrok.) Tip! Let op deze (of vergelijkbare) signaalwoorden: Yesterday, last week, in 1999, this morning In sommige gevallen veranderd de spelling in de past, bijvoorbeeld: Eindigt het ww op e dan voeg je alleen een d toe: hate à hated Eindigt het ww op een medeklinker + y dan vervang je de y door ied : cry à cried Bevestigende (affirmative) zin Voorbeeld met het werkwoord leven : I lived He lived à Father lived You lived (enkelvoud + meervoud) She lived à Brenda lived We lived It lived à The plant lived They lived Voorbeeld met het werkwoord eindigen : I finished He finished à The director finished You finished (enkelvoud + meervoud) She finished à My colleague finished We finished It finished à School finished They finished Voorbeeld met het werkwoord doen : I did He did à My boyfriend did You did (enkelvoud + meervoud) She did à Carol did We did It did à The train did They did Let op: in het Engels zijn er heel veel onregelmatige werkwoorden. Een deel daarvan kun je vinden in je handboek (maar er zijn -helaas- nog veel meer!). Deze onregelmatige werkwoorden volgen geen regels maar moet je gewoon weten (of leren). Hieronder een paar voorbeelden.
Voorbeeld met het werkwoord slapen : I slept He slept à Tom slept You slept (enkelvoud + meervoud) She slept à Mother slept We slept It slept à The cat slept They slept Voorbeeld met het werkwoord rennen : I ran He ran à My brother ran You ran (enkelvoud + meervoud) She ran à The teacher ran We ran It ran à The dog ran They ran Voorbeeld met het werkwoord vliegen : I flew He flew à The gardner flew You flew (enkelvoud + meervoud) She flew à My sister flew We flew It flew à The pigeon flew They flew Voorbeeld met het werkwoord gaan : I went He went à Sam Smith went You went (enkelvoud + meervoud) She went à Anne Hathaway went We went It went à The bus went They went De ontkennende (negative) zin Je krijgt dan het didn t (= did not) voor je werkwoord. Maar let op: omdat did al verleden tijd is, is het (andere) werkwoord gewoon in de present simple. I didn t go He didn t go à My boyfriend didn t go You didn t go (enkelvoud + meervoud) She didn t go à Carol didn t go We didn t go It didn t go à The train didn t go They didn t go Let op: didn t went is dus NIET goed. Did = verleden tijd, went = verleden tijd. Twee keer verleden tijd is niet mogelijk! Onthoud: als je did gebruikt moet je het werkwoord dat erna komt in de tegenwoordige tijd gebruiken. I didn t talk He didn t talk à My cousin didn t talk You didn t talk (enkelvoud + meervoud) She didn t talk à Grandmother didn t talk We didn t talk It didn t talk à The parrot didn t talk They didn t talk Let op: didn t talked is dus NIET goed. Zie hierboven voor de uitleg!
I didn t have He didn t have à Justin Bieber didn t have You didn t have (enkelvoud + meervoud) She didn t have à My aunt didn t have We didn t have It didn t have à The company didn t have They didn t have Let op: didn t had is dus NIET goed (en didn t haved al helemaal niet ). Zie hierboven voor de uitleg! De vragende (question) zin Did komt vooraan je zin te staan. Let op: net als bij je ontkennende zin moet je ook hier nog steeds je (andere) werkwoord in de tegenwoordige tijd gebruiken. Did geeft al aan dat het een zin in de verleden tijd is! (En 2x verleden tijd is dubbelop en bestaat dus niet ) Did I have Did he have à Did Matt Damon have Did you have (enkelvoud + meervoud) Did she have à Did Adele have Did we have Did it have à Did my car have Did they have Did I play Did he play à Did the King play Did you play (enkelvoud + meervoud) Did she play à Did Sylvia play Did we play Did it play à Did the mouse play Did they play Did I feel Did he feel à Did Simba feel Did you feel (enkelvoud + meervoud) Did she feel à Did Princess Kate feel Did we feel Did it feel à Did the music feel Did they feel Uitzondering: bij de WH-vragen begin je eerst met de w of de h, de did komt daar achteraan. (who, what, where, when, why, how) What did I say What did he say à What did Jamie say What did you say (enkv + mv) What did she say à What did Fleur say What did we say What did it say à What did donkey say What did they say How did I know How did he know à How did Harry know How did you know (enkv + mv) How did she know à How did Lucy know How did we know How did it know à How did robot know How did they know
Tabel overzicht Werkwoord zijn (to be) Bevestigende zin Ontkennende zin Vragende zin Werkwoord hebben (to have) Bevestigende zin Ontkennende zin Vragende zin Normaal Verkort Normaal Verkort I was You were We were They were I was not You were not We were not They were not Was I Were you Were we Were they I wasn t You weren t We weren t They weren t He was She was It was He was not She was not It was not Was he Was she Was it He wasn t She wasn t It wasn t Normaal Verkort Normaal Verkort I had You had We had They had I had not You had not We had not They had not Had I Had you Had we Had they I hadn t You hadn t We hadn t They hadn t He had She had It had He had not She had not It had not Had he Had she Had it He hadn t She hadn t It hadn t
Past Simple Exercises Write positive sentences in simple past. Make sure you put the words in the correct order too! 1 he / the question / answer 2 you / a question / ask 3 the dog / bark 4 they / us / call 5 we / a mountain / climb 6 John / stamps / collect 7 we / in London / live 8 I / hungry / be 9 they / a hamster / have 10 he / to school / go Rewrite the sentences in the negative. Check out the example sentence in 1. 1. They collected postcards. They did not collect postcards. 2. You jumped high. 3. Albert played squash. 4. The teacher tested our English. 5. Fiona visited her grandma. 6. He washed the car. 7. You were thirsty. 8. He had a computer. 9. I bought bread. 10. You saw the house. Write questions in simple past. Check out the example sentence in 1. 1. Anna / the window / open Did Anna open the window? 2. she / home / walk 3. you / in the garden / work 4. you / a song / sing 5. she / on a chair / sit 6. you / the castle / visit 7. Jenny / the door / lock 8. she / happy / be
9. Greg / the ball / kick 10. the car / at the corner / stop Mixed exercise Make the past simple, positive, negative or question: 1. I (cook) steak last night. 2. (Lucy / read) War and Peace at school? 3. She (not / write) to her grandmother. 4. I (work) in a bank for ten years. 5. Where (you / live) when you were young? 6. She not / study) French at university. 7. He (travel) through the Middle East last year. 8. (they / visit) the Louvre in Paris? 9. She (not / watch) TV yesterday. 10. We (buy) a new car last weekend. 11. Where (you / teach) before you came here? 12. He (not / think) that he was right. 13. We (have) a computer when I was a child. 14. Where (you / go) on holiday? 15. I (love) ice cream when I was a child. 16. They (not / meet) yesterday. 17. (she / swim) in the sea in Greece? 18. We (not / play) tennis yesterday because it was raining. 19. He (try) to lift the box but he couldn t. 20. What (you / eat) for lunch?