Luchtkwaliteit: een Europees perspectief Conferentie Luchtkwaliteit Brussel, 5 december 2014 Dr Hans Bruyninckx Executive Director European Environment Agency
EEA rapporten 2014
Luchtverontreiniging een ernstig gezondheidsprobleem
Haast alle economische activitieten zijn drivers van emissies van polluenten Electriciteitsproductie Transport Industriële productie Landbouw Afvalverwerking Verwarmingsinstallaties
Luchtverontreiniging is ook schadelijk voor ecosystemen en draagt bij aan klimaatverandering
Belangrijk onderscheid: uitstoot reducties vs. reducties in concentraties
Emissies van de meeste polluenten zijn verminderd EU Member States have made progress in cutting emissions of most air pollutants (2003-2012)
Maar, blootstelling aan verontreiniging blijft een gezondheidsprobleem Urban population exposed to concentrations above EU limit/target values Urban population exposed to concentrations above WHO air quality guidelines
Ondanks reducties in particulate matter (PM) emissies, zijn PM concentraties nog niet op een veilig niveau Share of urban population exposed to dangerous levels of particulate matter in Europe 3 out of 10 exposed to exceedances of the EU daily limit value 9 out of 10 exposed to exceedances of the WHO guideline value
PM concentraties overschrijden systematisch EU limieten in grote delen van Europa
Huidige PM concentraties het belangrijkste milieurisico voor premature deaths in Europa
Air Quality Standards for annual PM2.5 concentration WHO AQG US EPA Standard EU Limit Value Source: Utrecht University
Schade door luchtverontreiniging (2010) Damage cost of mortality at least EUR 330 billion Direct economic damage - EUR 15 billion from workdays lost Direct economic damage - EUR 4 billion in healthcare cost Direct economic damage - EUR 3 billion crop yield loss Source: EC, 2013: Impact assessment for new policy package to clean up Europe's air.
Gezondheids- en milieukosten door verontreiniging van industriële faciliteiten (2008-2012)
Health and environmental costs of air pollution: damages caused by facilities in countries 2008-2012
Kosten naar industriële sector 2008-2012
Totale kosten naar type polluent (2008-2012)
Kosten van luchtverontreiniging door industriële faciliteiten, 2008-2012 België (top 10) Rank Facility City 45 TOTAL RAFFINADERIJ Antwerpen 56 ARCELOR MITTAL Gent 109 ARCELORMITTAL UPSTREAM sa (COKE FONTE) Ougree 110 ESSO RAFFINADERIJ Antwerpen 231 BASF Antwerpen 284 AGC FLAT GLASS EUROPE Moustier-Sur-Sambre 285 ELECTRABEL CENTRALE RODENHUIZE Gent 312 ELECTRABEL CENTRALE LANGERLO Genk 346 ELECTRABEL CENTRALE RUIEN Kluisbergen 372 HOLCIM BELGIQUE sa Obourg
Drivers for emissions of nitrogen oxides Nitrogen oxides (NO x ) EU-28 Gg NO x NO x emissions and projections 20 000 18 000 16 000 14 000 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Emissions by sector - 2012 Energy use & supply excl. transport (50%) Road transport (39%) Other transport (6%) Industrial processes (3%) Agriculture (2%) Waste (0%) NOx emissions NECD 2010 ceiling MS projections GP 2020 red. commitments Other (0%) Nitrogen oxides (NO x ) Belgium 400 350 300 NO x emissions and projections Emissions by sector - 2012 Energy use & supply excl. transport (35%) Road transport (49%) Gg NO x 250 200 150 100 50 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Other transport (6%) Industrial processes (10%) Agriculture (0%) Waste (0%) NOx emissions NECD 2010 ceiling MS projections GP 2020 red. commitments Other (0%)
Drivers for emissions of sulphur dioxide Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) EU-28 Gg SO 2 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 SO 2 emissions and projections Emissions by sector - 2012 Energy use & supply excl. transport (92%) Road transport (0%) Other transport (2%) Industrial processes (5%) Agriculture (0%) 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Waste (0%) SO2 emissions NECD 2010 ceiling MS projections GP 2020 red. commitments Other (0%) Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) Belgium 400 350 300 SO 2 emissions and projections Emissions by sector - 2012 Energy use & supply excl. transport (78%) Road transport (0%) Gg SO 2 250 200 150 100 50 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Other transport (2%) Industrial processes (20%) Agriculture (0%) Waste (0%) SO2 emissions NECD 2010 ceiling MS projections GP 2020 red. commitments Other (0%)
Europese antwoorden? Beter implementatie (national emission ceilings and AQ limits). Verdere significante reducties zijn noodzakelijk: nieuwe wetgeving Co-benefits klimaat- en energiebeleid Investeren in betere kennis.
Thank you Hans.Bruyninckx@eea.europa.eu Sign up to receive EEA news, reports and alerts on your areas of interest at http://eea-subscriptions.eu/subscribe eea.europa.eu
Drivers for emissions of fine particulate matter Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) EU-28 2 500 2 000 PM 2.5 emissions and projections Emissions by sector - 2012 Energy use & supply excl. transport (69%) Road transport (15%) Gg PM 2.5 1 500 1 000 Other transport (2%) Industrial processes (9%) 500 Agriculture (3%) 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Waste (1%) PM2.5 emissions GP 2020 red. commitments MS projections Other (2%) Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) Belgium Gg PM 2.5 PM 2.5 emissions and projections 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Emissions by sector - 2012 Energy use & supply excl. transport (72%) Road transport (13%) Other transport (2%) Industrial processes (10%) Agriculture (2%) Waste (0%) PM2.5 emissions GP 2020 red. commitments MS projections Other (1%)
Drivers for emissions of ammonia Ammonia (NH 3 ) EU-28 Gg NH 3 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 NH 3 emissions and projections Emissions by sector - 2012 Energy use & supply excl. transport (1%) Road transport (2%) Other transport (0%) Industrial processes (1%) Agriculture (93%) 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Waste (2%) NH3 emissions NECD 2010 ceiling MS projections GP 2020 red. commitments Other (1%) Ammonia (NH 3 ) Belgium 140 120 100 NH 3 emissions and projections Emissions by sector - 2012 Energy use & supply excl. transport (4%) Road transport (1%) Gg NH 3 80 60 40 20 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Other transport (0%) Industrial processes (2%) Agriculture (90%) Waste (3%) NH3 emissions NECD 2010 ceiling MS projections GP 2020 red. commitments Other (0%)
NO2 concentration trends EU Belgium
PM10 concentration trends EU Belgium PM 10 annual mean (µg/m 3 ) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Traffic Urban Rural Other
O3 concentration trends EU Belgium O 3 annual mean of 8h-max (µg/m 3 ) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Traffic Urban Rural Other