Het sluiten van plastic kringlopen: uitdagingen en technische innovaties uit de praktijk en wetenschap. David Strik & Karin Molenveld

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1 Het sluiten van plastic kringlopen: uitdagingen en technische innovaties uit de praktijk en wetenschap David Strik & Karin Molenveld

2 Doel van de workshop overzicht te creëren van de uitdagingen die gepaard gaan met het sluiten van plastic kringlopen én het bediscussiëren van technische innovaties uit de praktijk en wetenschap. 2

3 Programma 13:35: Ir. Karin Molenveld Bioplastics facts and figures 13:55: Dr. ir. David Strik Microbiële recycling van biologisch afbreekbare plastics 14:10 Iedereen Opdracht: Innovatief met plastic 14:20 1 minuut pitches 3

4 De opdracht: innovatief met plastic 1. Maak 5 groepen 2. Kies een uitdaging die jou aanspreekt om de plastic kringloop te sluiten I. Plastic soep II. Plastic rommel op strand Stap minuten III.Hergebruik Biologisch afbreekbare plastic IV. Hergebruik andere plastics V. Iets anders Bedenk een manier hoe een technische innovatie mbt plastic recycling te implementeren 4. 1 minuut pitch & wat tijd Q&A 4

5 Bioplastics facts and figures Wageningen November 21 st 2017, Karin Molenveld

6 Content General introduction Why develop biobased plastics What are biobased plastics Current situation Opportunities in bio-based packaging 1. Footprint 2. Specific properties 3. Price 4. End-of-life

7 Statements and goals 7

8 Current fate of plastics Source: Ellen Macarthur Foundation 8

9 Biobased plastics Raw materials originate from nature; (Modified) Natural polymers (starch, cellulose) Directly produced by micro-organisms or (GMO) crops (PHA s ) From bio-based building blocks (via fermentation, PLA)

10 Raw material Bioplastics biodegradable and/or biobased? End product Non degradable Biodegradable Fossil PE, PP PS, PET PVC, PC PBAT PCL Bio-PET Starch blends Biobased Bio-PE Nylon 11 PLA PHA s

11 Bioplastic types Drop-in BioPE BioPET Biopolyesters PTT (Sorona) PEF PLA Biodegradables Nylons Starch blends PHA s Cellulose plastics Hybrids WPC s

12 Increased used of drop-in bioplastics Source: European Bioplastics

13 Increased use drop-in bioplastics Source: European Bioplastics

14 Comparison with fossil plastics (2006) Source: Applications and societal benefits of plastics; Anthony L. Andrady, Mike A. Neal

15 BioPE Braskem (Brazilië), PE from sugar cane Advantages Identical to currently used PE Recycling with fossil PE Less depletion of fossil raw materials Lower CO 2 emissions

16 BioPE Source: Braskem

17 Bio-based building blocks, resource use Efficient use of renewable raw materials Influence on costs Influence on environmental footprint Succinic acid most efficient (PBS, PBSA) Lactic acid second best (PLA) 2,5-FDCA (PEF) more efficient than TPA (PET)

18 PEF vs PET Novel polymer produced on a pilot scale Improved (barrier) properties as compared to PET Commercial production planned by: Avantium & BASF (Antwerp) Corbion ADM & DuPont

19 Bioplastics expensive? Look at specific replacements! PLA against PS and PET

20 End-of-life Organic or mechanical recycling? Depends on specific application: What type of product do you pack? Do you need to use complex structures/laminates? Who disposes you product and where? What end-of-life facilities are available in your region/country?

21 Recycling options of biobased plastics Mechanical Bioplastics can be sorted (NIR) Bioplastics can be recycled if volumes are sufficient Drop-in recycled with fossil based Organic Some bioplastics are compostable Bioplastics can be used to increase collection of green waste Organic recycling is an option for complex structures (laminates) No volume issues 21

22 Example: PLA based coffee cup PLA has a HDT of 55 C Increase HDT with and additional 40 C Solution: Sc-PLA technology Process conditions Additives Development time ~ 2years Huhtamaki & Corbion

23 Example: Replace EPS foam Density lower than 30 g/l Bio-based and biodegradable Solution: PLA with CO 2 as blowing agent Synbra Technology

24 Concluding remarks Increasing opportunities for bio-based (packaging) materials Technical functionalities Availability & producers With scale also price will drop but production efficiency is important! Focus on bio-based building blocks and materials Biodegradable depending on application

25 Questions?

26 Microbiële recycling van biologisch afbreekbare plastics Het sluiten van plastic kringlopen: uitdagingen en technische innovaties uit de praktijk en wetenschap Dr.ir. David Strik

27 Plastic uitdagingen & oplossingen? 27

28 Biologische afbreekbare plastics Source: European Bioplastics

29 Wat gebeurt er nu met PLA? Vergisten/composteren 29

30 Wat te doen met bioafbreekbare plastics? Source: Ellen Macarthur Foundation 30

31 Wat is recyclen? Primair: oorspronkelijk product tot oorspronkelijke stof Secundair: hergebruik andere stof + ander doel Tertiaire: hergebruik andere stof + zelfde doel Quartaire: terugwinning van energy Bouwcyclus by Hendriks, prof. dr. ir. Ch. F.,

32 PLA recycling 32

33 Anaerobe fermentaties incl. ketenverlening Hydrolysis Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Sugars Fatty acids Amino acids Acidogenesis VFA s alcohols H 2 CO 2 NH 3 Acetogenesis Acetate H 2 CO 2 Methanogenesis Methane CO 2 Chain elongation MCFA Ethanol

34 Het experiment Doel: exploreren of PLA anaeroob fermentatie? MSc thesis door Lucas van der Maas o.b.v./i.s.m. David Strik, Miriam van Eekert, Cees Buisman, Karin Molenveld 34

35 Methaan & butyrate kan ook gebruikt worden voor bioplastic productie 8CH4 + 12O2 C4H6O2 (PHB monomer) + 4CO2 +12ATP + FPH2 Theoretical 50%. That is a really impressive conversion efficiency, says Prof. Criddle. For every three to five kilos of methane, we re getting one kilo of PHB. icle/how-methane-sourced-polymers-couldsave-world 35

36 State-of-art Uitdagingen Sturen van gemengde plastic fermentaties Is organische vervuiling bron van nutriënten/feedstock? Effect van niet biologisch afbreekbare plastics op fermentatie? Effect van fermentatie op de recycling van de andere plastics? Hoe bouwstenen te scheiden en zuiveren? 36

37 Tussenof eindslide Tekst 37