The HEMICPD project comparing emission test protocols

Transcriptie

1 The HEMICPD project comparing emission test protocols E Goelen 1, F Maes 1, M Lor 2, K Vause 2, K Dinne 2, A-C Romain 3, C Degrave 3, J Nicolas 3 VITO 1 Unit Environmental Risk and Health Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium BBRI 2 ULg 3 1

2 Overview Hemicpd introduction Results monitoring IAQ Results Hemicpd (ongoing) Future work Conclusions 2

3 HEMICPD programme Horizontal evaluation method for the implementation of the construction products directive evaluation method implementation cpd standardisation (CEN TC 351 WG 2) building materials Programme ( ) Inventory of relevant information : standards, test methods, labels,substances, emission data Selection building materials ; development of test methods Comparison of different complementary test methods Validation & possible modification of test methods Outcome : proposal for an evaluation model/method for implementation in Belgium BBRI Belgian Science Policy Solving the tvoc challenge! --- IAQ monitoring 3

4 FLIES Flanders Indoor Exposure Survey Study : all data and reports Micro environments (appr 90) : dwellings ; transport ; leisure-sport; schools-day care (selection of indoor environments) VOC s+tvoc/aldehydes/no 2 /PM time activity patterns exposure risk evaluation (selection of pollutants) to determine for children the indoor environment exposure as a result of contaminants that occur in outdoor and indoor air (through measurements indoor-outdoor : status pollution) 4

5 Onderzoeksproject FLIES Flanders Indoor Exposure Survey Urban background locations Stedelijke Achtergrond (n=25) Stedelijke Achtergrond (n=25) Achterdeur Voordeur Woonkamer Slaapkamer 5 Benzeen Trichloroetheen Tolueen Tetrachloroetheen Ethylbenzeen m- + p-xyleen Styreen o-xyleen Gemiddelde Concentratie (µg/m³) +/- Standaard Afwijking) 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzeen p-dichloorbenzeen Vluchtige Organische Stof Gemiddelde Concentratie (µg/m³) +/- Standaard Afwijking) 0 Achterdeur Voordeur Woonkamer Slaapkamer NO2 Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde

6 FLIES: results Comparison with IE decree Compound TVOC Benzene Formaldehyde PM2.5 PM10 Time basis 0,5h Year 24h Guideline value (µg/m³) Number of exceedences Living room (n=52) Maximum (µg/m³) Second highest res (µg/m³) ,7 15, Minimum (µg/m³) 229 0,77 3,0 Number of exceedences Bedroom (n=50) Maximum (µg/m³) Second highest (µg/m³) ,5 7, Minimum (µg/m³) 222 0,69 2,01 16,5 19,8 There must be something else 6

7 Long term health survey of dwellings&dealing with complaints Investigation of health complaints in relation to the IAQ Training of regional teams for field work and feedback ; web based registration ; routine hand held instrumentation in combination with sampling/lab analysis ; back up from scientists through call center function. Initiation through medicins or public health workers Normal values : see routine programme below Surveillance of IAQ in dwellings/public buildings (5 y programme) : needs Fysical parameters : noise and thermal comfort (T, %RH, air velocity), ventilation Chemical parameters : aldehydes (form, acet, TCarbonyl), individual VOC s, TVOC, CO2, NO2, asbestos maybe, PM2.5, PM10, POP s (PAH) ; individual VOC s : BTEX, styrene, 1,2,4TMB, p-dichlorobenzene, tri and tetrachloroethylene, MTBE (traces) Biological (moulds and spores) Ambitious : 90 buildings/year ; location, type of building, socio econ factors Current programme : parameters underlined, 1 year running Regional Ministry of Public Health VITO : intention is untill

8 Measurement methods VOC Aldehydes NO 2 CO 2 Air velocitu T en RH 8

9 Indoor Measurement Set Up 9

10 concentratie in µg/m 3 9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 gans Vlaanderen Results VOC-TVOC Mediane concentraties van alle woningen voor gans Vlaanderen en per provincie met inbegrip van TVOC (85 woningen, stand 6/10/08) West-Vlaanderen Oost-Vlaanderen Antwerpen Limburg Vlaams-Brabant µg/m 3 TVOC MTBE Benzene Trichloroethene Toluene Tetrachloroethene Ethylbenzene m- + p-xylene Styrene o-xylene 1,2,4- Trimethylbenzene 1,3- Dichlorobenzene 1,2- Dichlorobenzene tvoc 10

11 Results CO Mediane concentraties van alle woningen voor gans Vlaanderen, opgesplitst per woningtype ppm (half)open bebouwing gesloten bebouwing appartementen CO2 11

12 25 Results aldehydes Mediane concentraties van alle woningen voor gans Vlaanderen, opgesplitst per type omgeving (omgevingsdruk) 20 µg/m stedelijk centrum stedelijke achtergrond 5 landelijke achtergrond 0 Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde Andere aldehyden (totaal) 12

13 Conclusion Results VS guideline values (Indoor Air Decree BS 19/10/04) exceedence % of guideline value CO 2 (83% exceedences) guideline 900 mg/m³ formaldehyde (90%) µg/m³ other aldehydes (48%) µg/m³ TVOC (73%) µg/m³ benzene (14 %) µg/m³ RH (17%) no exceedences for NO 2 (135 µg/m³), acet (4600 µg/m³), T3CE (200 µg/m³), Tol (260 µg/m³), T4CE (100 µg/m³) 13

14 BiBa : IAQ schools Influence of ventilation, outdoor(location), materials, building parameters Strategy and programme : Each school : FD, BD, min. 3 class rooms ; 30 schools(6000), 90, class rooms Calculate from meas results exposure (time-activity patterns) and benchmarking Infiltration from outdoor to indoor (calculate) Distribute questionnaires : building, overall perception of the Ind Env, ventilation, time patterns Winter : november - february What to measure(public available end 2009) : PM2.5 ; distribution continuous PM10/PM2.5/PM1 Aldeh (2) ; VOC s (7) ; TVOC as VOC and SVOC CO2 (ventilation) Mould(visual), T, %RH Effect of sensibilisation (ventilation) Effect of air purifier 14

15 Database ncdb_ui Measured exposure conc in diff micro environments ; mainly VOC s, metals Indoor air quality in Flanders 15

16 Database ncdb_ui 16

17 Conclusie 17

18 HEMICPD programme Horizontal evaluation method for the implementation of the construction products directive evaluation method implementation cpd standardisation (CEN TC 351 WG 2) building materials Programme ( ) Inventory of relevant information : standards, test methods, labels,substances, emission data Selection building materials ; development of test methods Comparison of different complementary test methods Validation & possible modification of test methods Outcome : proposal for an evaluation model/method for implementation in Belgium 18

19 Methodology : chambers, standards, instrumentation C 19

20 Selection of test methods - overview Procedure Sampling time What FLEC ISO , 7 and 28 days 10 highest VOCs TVOC (+indiv) µcte - literature - manual - (ISO ) 0 and 3 days: after 5, 20 and 40 min precond. TSVOC Analysis: ISO Test chamber ISO , 7 and 28 days 1 m³ Odour Test chamber 50.5 m³ (ISO ) 3, 7 and 28 days Aldehydes ISO Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens: ISO

21 Methodology : chambers, standards, instrumentation, materials Resilient flooring materials : correlation between chambers, influence climatic conditions Vinyl (pvc) floor covering (3 types) Linoleum Vinyl (pvc) floor covering Full wooden parquet : time profile (Flec, µchamber) Wood based panels : effects ozone/pm measurements Liquid products : sealant, paints (single and on surface) : substrate effect Parameters Values µ-cte FLEC 1m 3 50m 3 Chamber volume (m 3 ) Exchange rate (h -1 ) Load factor (m 2 /m 3 ) Area specific air flow rate (m 3 /m 2 h)

22 Overview of SERa (µg/m²h) and TVOC/TSVOC of different test chambers for sample 1 (floor covering) Compound FLEC FLEC FLEC µcte µcte µcte µcte µcte µcte 3 days 7 days 31 days 0 days 5 min 0 days 20 min 0 days 40 min 3 days 5 min 3 days 20 min Phenol Heptane, 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl Decane Hexanol, 2-ethyl- + butylcyclohexane Ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) Pentanoic acid,2,2,4-trimethyl-3- carboxyisopropyl, isobutyl ester TVOC / TSVOC 1104/ /77 348/ / / / 683 Compound 1 m³ 1 m³ 50,5m³ 50,5m³ 50,5m³ 3 days 28 days 3 days 7 days 28days Phenol Heptane, 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl Decane Hexanol, 2-ethyl- + butylcyclohexane Ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) Pentanoic acid, 2,2,4-trimethyl-3- carboxyisopropyl, isobutyl ester TVOC / TSVOC 1024/ / 483/70 646/74 640/ / / days 40 min 4900/

23 SER of the most abundant components in the different emission experiments phenol 1200 Heptane, 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl- SER m³/m²h Decane 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl- + butylcyclohexane Ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)- Pentanoic acid, 2,2,4-trimethyl-3- carboxyisopropyl, isobutyl ester flec 3 days flec 7 days flec 31 days 0 days 5 min 0 days 20 min 0 days 40 min 3 days 5 min 3 days 20 min 3 days 40 min 1m³ 3 days 1 m³ 28 days 50,5m³ 3 days 50,5 m³ 7 days 50,5 m³ 28 days experiments 23

24 Overview of SERa (µg/m²h) and TVOC/TSVOC of different test chambers for sample 1 (floor covering) 7000 SERa (µg/m²h) TVOC+TSVOC flec 1 m³ 50 m³ µchamber 0 3 days 7 days 28 days 24

25 Overview of SERa (µg/m²h) and TVOC/TSVOC of different test chambers for sample 2 (floor covering) SERa(µg/m²h) TVOC+TSVOC flec 1 m³ 50 m³ µchamber 0 3 days 7 days 28 days 25

26 Overview of SERa (µg/m²h) and TVOC/TSVOC of the different test methods of sample 2 Compound FLEC FLEC FLEC µcte µcte µcte 1 m³ 1 m³ 1 m³ 50 m³ 50 m³ 50 m³ 3 days 7 days 28 days 3 days 40 min 7 days 40 min 28 days 3 days 7 days 28 days 3 days 7 days 28 days Tridecane Dodecane, 2,6,10- trimethyl Tetradecane Dodecane, 2,6,11- trimethy m Pentadecane TVOC / TSVOC 7726/ / / / / / / / / / /

27 Overview of SERa (µg/m²h) and TVOC/TSVOC of different test chambers for sample 3 (floor covering) 700 SERa(TVOC+TSVOC) µg/m²h flec 1 m³ µchamber 0 3 days 7 days 28 days 27

28 Overview of SERa (µg/m²h) and TVOC/TSVOC of different test chambers for sample 4 (floor covering) 180 SERa (TVOC+TSVOC) µg/m²h flec 1 m³ 50 m³ 0 3 days 7 days 28 days 28

29 Overview of SERa (µg/m²h) and TVOC/TSVOC of the different test methods of sample 4 (linoleum) Compound 1m³ 1m³ 1m³ Flec Flec Flec 3 days 7 days 28 days 3 days 7 days 28 days Hexanal Hexanoic acid Nonanal Heptanoic acid Octanoic acid TVOC / TSVOC 143/20 131/25 99/17 118/39 92/35 67/29 Compound 50m³ 50m³ 50m³ 3 days 7 days 28 days Hexanal Octanal Nonanal Decanal TVOC / TSVOC 98/12 112/12 94/18 29

30 Comparison based on identified chemical groups 30

31 Cétone, 2% Aromatique, 9% Comparison based on identified chemical groups Sample 2, Flec, day 3 Ether, 1% CycloAlcane, 6% HAP, 3% Alcool, 1% Sample 2, 1 m³, day 3 Alcane, 78% CycloAlcane, 6% HAP, 3% Ether, 1% Aromatique, 8% Alcool, 1% Alcane, 81% Sample 2, 50 m³, day 3 CycloAlcane, 7% HAP, 3% Ether, 1% Aromatique, 6% Alcool, 1% Alcène, 1% Alcane, 81% 31

32 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 sample 2 sample 4 chemical families PCA analysis 50 m³ Factor 2 (28%) Factor 2 (28%) 1,0 0,5 0,0-0,5-1,0 Cyclo 3 chambers HAP Ether Alkane Alcohol Aromatic FLEC Ketone Alkene Fatty acid Aldehyde 1 m³ -1,5-2,0-1,5-1,0-0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 Factor 1 (58%) HEMICPD 32

33 Comparison of test protocols (ongoing) Application of 3 evaluation protocols on 7 building materials (all in 1 m³ test chambers) AgBB (2008); AFFSETT (2006), ECA report nr 18(1997) Loading factors AgBB : quantitative 177 LCI compounds AFSETT : quantitative 214 LCI compounds Check results VS quantification based on 1 comp/chem class (ANSI-BIFMA M procedure) Materials : wooden panel(osb), acryl paint, wall plaster (knauf), glue, glue with floor covering, rockwool insulation, wooden panel (MDF) 33

34 Acknowledgement Co-workers BBRI : M Lor, K Vause, K Dinne VITO : F Maes, E Goelen ULg : C Degrave, A-C Romain, J Nicolas Co-funding Belgian Science Policy, Belgian Fed Min Economy, Belgian Flanders Reg Min of Environment, Flanders Reg Min of Health 34

35 IAQ instrumentation and methods FLIES and other studies T en %RV Air velocity CO2 PM 10 / PM 2.5 /PM 1 Lab analyses Aldehydes / VOS / TVOS / SVOS CO2 35

36 Specific studies : PAH as a start to go for POP Indoor exposure to PAH 25 dwellings : winter and summer (twice each dwelling) New method : 16 EPA PAH PE : PDMS/tenax includes. ; analyses GC-MS (J of Chrom 1190(2008), ) Indoor and outdoor simultaneously Scheduled to run in