Luchtkwaliteit: een Europees perspectief

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1 Luchtkwaliteit: een Europees perspectief Conferentie Luchtkwaliteit Brussel, 5 december 2014 Dr Hans Bruyninckx Executive Director European Environment Agency

2 EEA rapporten 2014

3 Luchtverontreiniging een ernstig gezondheidsprobleem

4 Haast alle economische activitieten zijn drivers van emissies van polluenten Electriciteitsproductie Transport Industriële productie Landbouw Afvalverwerking Verwarmingsinstallaties

5 Luchtverontreiniging is ook schadelijk voor ecosystemen en draagt bij aan klimaatverandering

6 Belangrijk onderscheid: uitstoot reducties vs. reducties in concentraties

7 Emissies van de meeste polluenten zijn verminderd EU Member States have made progress in cutting emissions of most air pollutants ( )

8 Maar, blootstelling aan verontreiniging blijft een gezondheidsprobleem Urban population exposed to concentrations above EU limit/target values Urban population exposed to concentrations above WHO air quality guidelines

9 Ondanks reducties in particulate matter (PM) emissies, zijn PM concentraties nog niet op een veilig niveau Share of urban population exposed to dangerous levels of particulate matter in Europe 3 out of 10 exposed to exceedances of the EU daily limit value 9 out of 10 exposed to exceedances of the WHO guideline value

10 PM concentraties overschrijden systematisch EU limieten in grote delen van Europa

11 Huidige PM concentraties het belangrijkste milieurisico voor premature deaths in Europa

12 Air Quality Standards for annual PM2.5 concentration WHO AQG US EPA Standard EU Limit Value Source: Utrecht University

13 Schade door luchtverontreiniging (2010) Damage cost of mortality at least EUR 330 billion Direct economic damage - EUR 15 billion from workdays lost Direct economic damage - EUR 4 billion in healthcare cost Direct economic damage - EUR 3 billion crop yield loss Source: EC, 2013: Impact assessment for new policy package to clean up Europe's air.

14 Gezondheids- en milieukosten door verontreiniging van industriële faciliteiten ( )

15 Health and environmental costs of air pollution: damages caused by facilities in countries

16 Kosten naar industriële sector

17 Totale kosten naar type polluent ( )

18 Kosten van luchtverontreiniging door industriële faciliteiten, België (top 10) Rank Facility City 45 TOTAL RAFFINADERIJ Antwerpen 56 ARCELOR MITTAL Gent 109 ARCELORMITTAL UPSTREAM sa (COKE FONTE) Ougree 110 ESSO RAFFINADERIJ Antwerpen 231 BASF Antwerpen 284 AGC FLAT GLASS EUROPE Moustier-Sur-Sambre 285 ELECTRABEL CENTRALE RODENHUIZE Gent 312 ELECTRABEL CENTRALE LANGERLO Genk 346 ELECTRABEL CENTRALE RUIEN Kluisbergen 372 HOLCIM BELGIQUE sa Obourg

19 Drivers for emissions of nitrogen oxides Nitrogen oxides (NO x ) EU-28 Gg NO x NO x emissions and projections Emissions by sector Energy use & supply excl. transport (50%) Road transport (39%) Other transport (6%) Industrial processes (3%) Agriculture (2%) Waste (0%) NOx emissions NECD 2010 ceiling MS projections GP 2020 red. commitments Other (0%) Nitrogen oxides (NO x ) Belgium NO x emissions and projections Emissions by sector Energy use & supply excl. transport (35%) Road transport (49%) Gg NO x Other transport (6%) Industrial processes (10%) Agriculture (0%) Waste (0%) NOx emissions NECD 2010 ceiling MS projections GP 2020 red. commitments Other (0%)

20 Drivers for emissions of sulphur dioxide Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) EU-28 Gg SO SO 2 emissions and projections Emissions by sector Energy use & supply excl. transport (92%) Road transport (0%) Other transport (2%) Industrial processes (5%) Agriculture (0%) Waste (0%) SO2 emissions NECD 2010 ceiling MS projections GP 2020 red. commitments Other (0%) Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) Belgium SO 2 emissions and projections Emissions by sector Energy use & supply excl. transport (78%) Road transport (0%) Gg SO Other transport (2%) Industrial processes (20%) Agriculture (0%) Waste (0%) SO2 emissions NECD 2010 ceiling MS projections GP 2020 red. commitments Other (0%)

21 Europese antwoorden? Beter implementatie (national emission ceilings and AQ limits). Verdere significante reducties zijn noodzakelijk: nieuwe wetgeving Co-benefits klimaat- en energiebeleid Investeren in betere kennis.

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23 Drivers for emissions of fine particulate matter Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) EU PM 2.5 emissions and projections Emissions by sector Energy use & supply excl. transport (69%) Road transport (15%) Gg PM Other transport (2%) Industrial processes (9%) 500 Agriculture (3%) Waste (1%) PM2.5 emissions GP 2020 red. commitments MS projections Other (2%) Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) Belgium Gg PM 2.5 PM 2.5 emissions and projections Emissions by sector Energy use & supply excl. transport (72%) Road transport (13%) Other transport (2%) Industrial processes (10%) Agriculture (2%) Waste (0%) PM2.5 emissions GP 2020 red. commitments MS projections Other (1%)

24 Drivers for emissions of ammonia Ammonia (NH 3 ) EU-28 Gg NH NH 3 emissions and projections Emissions by sector Energy use & supply excl. transport (1%) Road transport (2%) Other transport (0%) Industrial processes (1%) Agriculture (93%) Waste (2%) NH3 emissions NECD 2010 ceiling MS projections GP 2020 red. commitments Other (1%) Ammonia (NH 3 ) Belgium NH 3 emissions and projections Emissions by sector Energy use & supply excl. transport (4%) Road transport (1%) Gg NH Other transport (0%) Industrial processes (2%) Agriculture (90%) Waste (3%) NH3 emissions NECD 2010 ceiling MS projections GP 2020 red. commitments Other (0%)

25 NO2 concentration trends EU Belgium

26 PM10 concentration trends EU Belgium PM 10 annual mean (µg/m 3 ) Traffic Urban Rural Other

27 O3 concentration trends EU Belgium O 3 annual mean of 8h-max (µg/m 3 ) Traffic Urban Rural Other