Slim bouwen: welke energietechnieken maken het verschil?

Transcriptie

1 Slim bouwen: welke energietechnieken maken het verschil? Leuven, woensdag 6 april 2011

2 Content Evolution of energy consumption in buildings Challenges Key technologies for new and renovated buildings Building envelope Heating Cooling Domestic hot water Solar energy Electricity grid 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 2http://

3 <45 m² m² m² m² > 125 m² <45 m² m² m² m² > 125 m² <45 m² m² m² m² > 125 m² <45 m² m² m² m² > 125 m² RESIDENTIAL BUILDING STOCK ANNO Number of houses aantal bouwjaar < Year of construction OPEN HALFOPEN Figuur 1: Aantal en verdeling van de woningen in het woningenpark voor situatiejaar 2005 GESLOTEN FLAT Type Floor area woningtype - woonoppervlakte Source: 3E and PHL, Scenarios to achieve the CO2 emission reduction target for 2020 in the Belgian building stock, study for Isoterra 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 3

4 ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY CONSTRUCTION YEAR 118 GJ < No insulation Single glazing High infiltration Old heating systems Θ inside = (U m.a T ) K70 (Wallonia) K55 (Flanders) 56 GJ Medium insulation U1.x glazing Medium infiltration New heating systems Sources: 3E and PHL, Scenarios to achieve the CO2 emission reduction target for 2020 in the Belgian building stock, study for Isoterra Hens H., Verdonck B., Wonen, verwarmen: energie en emissies, CO 2 project Electrabel 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 4

5 TOTAL NUMBER OF BUILDINGS BY CONSTR. YEAR 1M 275k < Source: 3E and PHL, Scenarios to achieve the CO2 emission reduction target for 2020 in the Belgian building stock, study for Isoterra 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 5

6 8.4 Mton TOTAL CO 2 -EMISSION BY CONSTRUCTION YEAR (2005) Total = 27.9 Mton Number of buildings Consumption per building Consumption per category 1.1 Mton < Source: 3E and PHL, Scenarios to achieve the CO2 emission reduction target for 2020 in the Belgian building stock, study for Isoterra 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 6

7 EVOLUTION OF CO 2 EMISSION 27.9 Mton 25.2 Mton Same bottom-up approach for different moments in time Climate corrected! Source: 3E and PHL, Scenarios to achieve the CO2 emission reduction target for 2020 in the Belgian building stock, study for Isoterra 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 7

8 EVOLUTION OF CO 2 EMISSION 27.9 Mton BAU 25.2 Mton +14% -20% 20 Mton % more dwellings in 2020 compared to 1990! BAU: 14% more CO2 emission in 2020 than in 1990 Source: 3E and PHL, Scenarios to achieve the CO2 emission reduction target for 2020 in the Belgian building stock, study for Isoterra 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 8

9 EVOLUTION OF CO 2 EMISSION 27.9 Mton BAU 25.2 Mton new = passive ren = E Mton All new buildings as passive buildings AND all renovations to E70 is NOT enough! Source: 3E and PHL, Scenarios to achieve the CO2 emission reduction target for 2020 in the Belgian building stock, study for Isoterra 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 9

10 EVOLUTION OF CO 2 EMISSION 27.9 Mton BAU 25.2 Mton BAU +50% renovation Mton BAU: 11% of buildings renovated between Increasing renovation rates by 50% is not enough! Source: 3E and PHL, Scenarios to achieve the CO2 emission reduction target for 2020 in the Belgian building stock, study for Isoterra 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 10

11 EVOLUTION OF CO 2 EMISSION 27.9 Mton BAU 25.2 Mton new = passive ren = E70 Ren + 50% Required: drastic improvement of energy performance (new & renovations) drastic increase of renovation rates Source: 3E and PHL, Scenarios to achieve the CO2 emission reduction target for 2020 in the Belgian building stock, study for Isoterra 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 11

12 CHALLENGES 118 GJ < GJ Which technologies can we use to achieve these challenges? 0 GJ 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 12

13 BUILDING ENVELOPE Insulation and air tightness to passive house standard From passive to active: multi-functional façades Daylight Solar protection Photovoltaics Solar thermal Integration of ventilation, heating/cooling, energy storage, Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 13

14 MULTIFUNCTIONAL GLAZING SYSTEMS Source: Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 14

15 EFFICIENT FACADE RENOVATION 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 15

16 EFFICIENT FACADE RENOVATION Existing massive wall is transformed in heat emission surface Ventilation systems integrated in the façade Inhabitants can stay in their appartments during renovation Heat demand reduction from kwh/m²y Source: IEA ECBCS Annex 50: Prefab Modules for Retrofit, Dieselweg Graz 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 16

17 EFFICIENT FACADE RENOVATION 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 17

18 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 18

19 EMBODIED ENERGY Low energy buildings can have embodied energy contribution of more than 50% to total consumption But: energy payback time of passive +/- 2yr compared to standard construction embodied energy should not hinder us from building low e or passive Source: Verbeeck, G., & Hens, H. (2010). Life cycle inventory of buildings: A contribution analysis. Building and Environment, 45(4), Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 19

20 HEATING Heating demands will be drastically lower Fossil fuels have doubtful future for building heating the era of the chimney is nearing it s end Adapted concepts required for individual and collective systems, based on heat pumps (all types, incl. air-source) solar thermal systems (but need for thermal storage) biomass for collective systems, preferentially as CHP 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 20

21 COOLING Get rid of the taboo: total energy consumption counts Daily demand shows large correlation with availability of solar energy solar protection solar cooling Geo-cooling is very efficient for large scale applications: SPF up to Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 21

22 COOLING EXISTING BUILDINGS Source: 3E, Natural and renewable cooling in existing buildings, study for VEA Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 22

23 DOMESTIC HOT WATER Increasing importance Can become much more important than heating Heat recovery: an untapped potential? Cheap Simple Up to 40% savings Many practical restrictions Solar thermal 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 23

24 SOLAR ENERGY Solar energy, both photovoltaic (PV) and thermal, will play a KEY ROLE in the coming decades 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 24

25 SOLAR HEATING / DOMESTIC HOT WATER Solar collectors HEAT Thermal storage 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 25

26 SOLAR HEATING / DOMESTIC HOT WATER Solar collectors HEAT Thermal storage PV ELECTR. Heat pump HEAT Thermal storage 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 26

27 SOLAR HEATING / DOMESTIC HOT WATER Solar collectors HEAT Thermal storage PV ELECTR. Heat pump HEAT Thermal storage PV ELECTR. Heat pump HEAT Thermal storage Electricity grid 23% losses Smart grid? 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 27

28 SOLAR HEATING / DOMESTIC HOT WATER Solar collectors PV ELECTR. Heat pump HEAT Thermal storage (Smart) electricity grid PVT-collectors 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 28

29 SOLAR HEATING / DOMESTIC HOT WATER Solar collectors PV ELECTR. Heat pump HEAT Thermal storage (Smart) electricity grid Solar thermal heat pumps 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 29

30 BREAK EVEN BORDER PV 2010 Reference : PVTP 2005, W. Sinke Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil

31 BREAK EVEN BORDER PV 2010 Reference : PVTP 2005, W. Sinke Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil

32 BREAK EVEN BORDER PV 2010 Reference : PVTP 2005, W. Sinke Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil

33 SUMMARY We need to 1. Increase energy performance of new + renovations 2. Increase the rate of renovations Towards NZEB for new AND heavy renovations: Envelope according to passive performance criteria We shall use solar energy to produce Electricity Heat (direct) Heat (via heat pumps) 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 33

34 SUMMARY /2 For majority of our buildings: there s enough sun hitting the building façade to provide all heating needs on a monthly basis Unsolved issue: storage Thermal : densifying the storage capacity Electricity: smart grid? We have no time to wait for the ideal storage use everything we can to go as far as possible today THANK YOU 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 34

35 CONTACT US 3E s Offices Worldwide BELGIUM, Brussels (HQ) and Gent info@3e.eu T F FRANCE, Lille and Toulouse info@3e.eu T F CHINA, Beijing info.china@3e.eu T F TURKEY, Istanbul info@3e.eu Geert.Dooms@3E.eu (Country Manager) M (English, French, Dutch) M (Turkish) 2011 Slim Bouwen - welke energietechnieken maken het verschil 36