Bewust zijn wetsartikelen, jurisprudentie en doctrines nagenoeg buiten beschouwing gelaten.

Inleiding Regelmatig worden mij vanuit diverse sectoren vragen gesteld met betrekking tot de (juridische) gang van zaken in Turkije. In de loop der tijd heb ik de antwoorden hierop in rubrieken ondergebracht en omgezet in algemene casusposities, waarvan een deel in nieuwsbrieven zijn opgenomen. Hierbij heb ik de ontwikkelingen in de Turkse en Nederlandse pers, die verbonden zijn met beide landen, zo veel mogelijk gevolgd, waarbij in het bijzonder de aandacht is gevestigd op de veranderende wetgeving. De recente wijzigingen in het Wetboek van Koophandel, het Verbintenissenrecht en de Rechtsvordering zijn een veelomvattend onderwerp, met name door de verandering in het Ondernemingsrecht zal de bestaande structuur binnen de Turkse besloten- en naamloze venootschap de nodige aanpassingen ondergaan. Het uitwisselen van ervaring kan tot een optimalisering van de dienstverlening leiden. Vanuit deze optiek is dan ook een bundel samengesteld, waarin diverse situaties aan de orde komen. Ik haast mij op te merken, dat de onderwerpen die aandacht krijgen een subjectieve greep zijn uit een immens geheel. Bewust zijn wetsartikelen, jurisprudentie en doctrines nagenoeg buiten beschouwing gelaten. Commentaar op de inhoud wordt uiteraard op prijs gesteld. Brielle, september 2011 Henk Sepers i.s.m. Mert Himmetoğlu

Inhoudsopgave BLZ. Nieuw Wetboek van Koophandel - Relevante wijzigingen 1-14 Overgangsbepalingen nieuwe Wetboek van Koophandel 15-16 Kamers van Koophandel 17-19 Ongedekte cheques 20 Sommatie en ingebrekestelling 21 Wat is een gerechtelijk bevel tot betaling? 22-23 Beslag 24-25 Kosten van een procedure 26-28 Het kopen van een huis in Turkije 29-34 De (Turkse) notaris en volmacht 35-37 Notariële legalisatie 38-39 Bankrekening openen 40-41 Kredietovereenkomst 42-43 Het Constitutionele Hof 44 Aanpassen kost soms veel creativiteit 45-47

Relevante wijzigingen THE NEW TURKISH COMMERCIAL CODE CHAPTER SIX Limited Liability Companies SECTION ONE Definition and Incorporation Definition ARTICLE 573- (1) Limited liability companies are incorporated under a business name by one or more natural or legal persons; the stock capital of a limited company is definite comprising the total shares of stock capital.*1 (2) Shareholders are not personally responsible for the obligations of the company but they are liable to pay the stock capital they have subscribed and to fulfill the obligation of additional payments and accessory obligations as stipulated in the articles of incorporation of the company. Number of shareholders ARTICLE 574- (1) The number of shareholders of a limited liability company shall not exceed fifty. If the number of shareholders drops to one, this shall be notified to the directors in writing within seven days following the date on which the transaction leading to this result was performed. The directors in return shall register and announce the fact that company has a sole shareholder, together with the name, domicile and nationality of this shareholder within seven days starting on the date of receipt of this notice, and failure to do so shall cause the directors to be liable for any damages that might arise. This liability also applies in cases where the company is initially incorporated with a sole shareholder. *1 Opmerking H.J. Sepers: Hoofdelijke aansprakelijkheid van de vennoten in een Limited: Op grond van artikel 35 van de Turkse Invorderingswet zijn de vennoten in een rechtspersoon (Limited) aansprakelijk voor de preferente vorderingen. Hiermee worden bedoeld de belastingschulden aan de lokale en centrale Overheid. In wet 6183 artikel 35 is de bepaling van voornoemd artikel nader gespecificeerd en wel indien er sprake is van een vordering op een vennootschap die geheel of gedeeltelijk niet kan worden voldaan. Voorts is in dit artikel opgenomen dat, ook indien de aandeelhouder zijn aandeel in de vennootschap heeft overgedragen, de voormalige en nieuwe aandeelhouder aansprakelijk worden gehouden voor deze preferente vorderingen. Wellicht een punt om, bij de overname van een belang in een bestaande Limited, rekening mee te houden. Uiteraard heeft het aanbeveling om als aandeelhouder erop toe te zien dat de belastingschulden op tijd worden voldaan. In zoverre bekend is deze bepaling niet gewijzigd, ondanks dat artikel 573 lid 2 Wetboek van Koophandel anders doet vermoeden. De aandeelhouder blijft wel terdege persoonlijk aansprakelijk. 1

Articles of incorporation of the company I - Format ARTICLE 575- (1) It is a mandatory requirement for the articles of incorporation of the company to be made in writing and the signatures of the founding shareholders to be certified by a notary public. II - Content 1. Mandatory provisions ARTICLE 576- (1) The following provisions must be explicitly included in the articles of incorporation of the company: a) The business name of the company and the address of the head office of the company. b) The field of activity of the company, stating and defining the essential components thereof. c) The nominal amount of stock capital, the number of shares of stock capital, the nominal values of the shares of stock capital, privileges, if any, groups of the shares of stock capital. d) The names, surnames, titles and nationalities of directors. e) The method of announcements to be made by the company. 2. Provisions that are binding upon the company on the condition that they are stipulated in the articles of incorporation of the company ARTICLE 577- (1) The following provisions shall be binding upon the company if they are stipulated in the articles of incorporation of the company: a) Provisions in derogation of legal provisions governing the restriction of transfer of the shares of stock capital. b) Granting stock offering rights, pre-emptive rights, buy back rights and option rights to the shareholders or to the company. c) Stipulating additional payment obligations, the content and scope of these obligations. d) Stipulating accessory obligations, the content and scope of these obligations. e) Provisions granting veto rights to specific or specifiable shareholders or provisions granting casting-vote rights to certain shareholders in case of equality of votes regarding a resolution adopted at the general shareholder s meeting. 2

f) Penalty provisions that are included in the articles of incorporation applying to delayed performance or non-performance of the obligations stipulated in the law or in the articles of incorporation. g) Provisions in derogation of legal regulations with respect to restraint of trade. h) Provisions granting a privileged right to call a general shareholder s meeting. ı) Provisions in derogation of legal regulations with respect to adopting resolutions at general shareholder s meetings, voting rights and calculation of voting rights. i) Provisions on the authority to delegate the administration of the company to a third person. j) Provisions in derogation of the law with respect to disposition of balance sheet profits. k) Granting the right of withdrawal from the company, the conditions of exercising this right and the type of amount of the withdrawal allowance to be paid in such cases. l) Provisions stipulating specific causes of dismissal of a shareholder from the partnership. m) Provisions governing the dissolution of the company apart from those stipulated by the law. Capital I Minimum capital requirement ARTICLE 580- The stock capital of a limited liability company shall not be less than ten thousand Turkish Liras. (2) The minimum amount as provided in this article may be increased up to ten times by the Council of Ministers. II Capital in kind ARTICLE 581- Assets and properties including intellectual property rights, virtual media and trademarks free of any encumbered real rights, attachment or preliminary injunction, that can be liquidated and transferred, may be contributed as capital in kind. Provision of services, personal labor, business reputation or undue receivables may not be contributed as capital. 3

III Cost of goods and interests of founding shareholders ARTICLE 582- The cost of goods purchased by the founding shareholders in the name of the company in that is being incorporated, with respect to that company, and the benefits granted to those who were of service to the company during the incorporation of the company, shall be specified in the articles of incorporation. Shares of Stock Capital ARTICLE 583- (1) The nominal value of the shares of stock capital may be specified as twenty five Turkish Liras as a minimum in the articles of incorporation of the company. This threshold may be reduced to improve the standing of the company. (2) The nominal value of the shares of capital stock may be different. However, the shares of capital stock must be denominated in the amount of Twenty Five Turkish Liras or the multiples thereof. Calculating the voting right of a share of capital stock on the basis of its nominal value pursuant to article 618 shall not be considered as dividing the share of capital stock. This rule also applies in cases where any right or obligation is defined on the basis of nominal value. (3) Each shareholder may hold more than one share of capital stock. (4) Shares of capital stock may be issued at nominal value or at a value exceeding the nominal value. (5) The payments for the shares of capital stock may be made in cash or in kind or in exchange for a receivable or by converting its freely disposable equity into capital stock in a manner similar to capital increases, as stipulated in the articles of incorporation of the company. Incorporation Time of incorporation ARTICLE 585- (1) The company shall be deemed to be incorporated once the founding shareholders declare their will to incorporate a limited liability company on the articles of incorporation of the company, which must be issued in accordance with the law, subscribe the entire capital unconditionally and pay the cash portion of the capital immediately in full. The provisions of paragraph one under article 588 shall not be prejudiced. 4

Registration Application ARTICLE 586- (1) Once the articles of incorporation of the company is issued as stipulated in article 575, an application shall be filed with the trade registration office located at the place where the head office of the company is located. (2) The letter of application shall be signed by all directors. The following documents shall be attached to the application letter: a) A certified copy of the articles of incorporation of the company. b) A statement by founding shareholders issued in accordance with the provisions of article 349, together with the attachments thereto, and a process auditor s report issued in accordance with the provisions of article 351 if requested by the Ministry. ARTICLE 349- (1) The founding shareholders shall sign a statement pertaining to the incorporation of the company. This statement shall be issued accurately and fully in accordance with the principle of providing accurate information. Documented, justified and clear explanations shall be made with respect to the appropriateness of the consideration to be paid if any capital in kind is contributed or any merchandise or business is going to be taken over, the necessity of such capital in kind or take over, and the benefits of such capital in kind or take over to the company. Moreover the securities acquired by the company, the acquisition price of such securities, data regarding the assessments and analyses conducted on the financial statements of the entities issuing such securities for the last three years, or consolidated financial statements as required, important commitments made by the company, connections, prices, commissions and all kinds of payables regarding purchase of machinery and similar goods or acquisition of other assets, shall be explained by comparison with peers. ARTICLE 351- (1) The audit report regarding the incorporation of the company shall be issued by one or more process auditors. In the incorporation report, the process auditor shall explain that all shares are subscribed in full, the minimum amounts of the value of the shares stipulated by the law or by the articles of association are deposited with the bank in accordance with the law, the bank letter verifying this is included among the corporate records, there is no sign indicating that this obligation 5

was bypassed in any way whatsoever, court experts have evaluated the capital in kind and the merchandise that is taken over, the court expert report which is ratified by the court is submitted to the file, no obvious incompliance or overvaluation is found with respect to the founding shareholders statement, no obvious fraudulent practice is found out with respect to the transactions, other corporate records are in place and the notary public certifications and other permissions are obtained, together with the respective justifications in accordance with the principle of accountability. c) The list of persons who are authorized to represent the company and the appointed auditor together with their domiciles (3) The letter of application shall contain the following information: a) The names, surnames or titles of all shareholders, their domiciles and nationalities. b) The share of stock capital subscribed by each shareholder and the total amount paid by each shareholder. c) The names, surnames or titles of the directors whether they be shareholders or third persons. d) The method of representation of the company. Corporate Entity ARTICLE 588- (1) The company is granted a corporate entity once it is registered with the trade registry. (2) Organization expenses shall be borne by the founding shareholders if not accepted by the company. The founding shareholders are not entitled to recourse to shareholders for such expenses. (3) Those that have performed transactions in the name of the company prior to incorporation shall be responsible for such transactions personally and severally. (4) If it is explicitly stated that such commitments are made in the name of a company to be incorporated in the future and if they are acknowledged by the company within a period of three months following the registration of the company with the trade register, only the company shall be responsible for such commitments. 6

Transfer of the share of stock capital By virtue of heritage, law of property between husband and wife or execution proceedings ARTICLE 596- (1) If the share of stock capital is transferred by virtue of heritage, the provisions of the law of property between husband and wife or execution proceedings, then all the rights and obligations attached thereto shall be transferred to the person acquiring the share of stock capital without the requirement to obtain the approval of the general assembly of shareholders. (2) The company may, at its discretion, refuse to approve of the person to whom the share of stock capital is transferred, within a period of three months after learning about such acquisition. In order to do this, the company is required to make an offer to the person to whom the share is transferred, to take over the shares in the name and account of the company, any partner of the company or a third person nominated by the company at the true value of such share(s). (3) The resolution of refusal shall apply retrospectively, to be effective as of the date of transfer. This refusal shall not affect the validity of the resolutions adopted by the general assembly until the date on which the resolution of refusal is adopted. (4) In case of failure by the company to refuse the transfer of the share of stock capital explicitly in writing within a period of three months, the company shall be deemed to have approved the transfer. The right to information and examination ARTICLE 614- (1) Each shareholder is entitled to ask the directors to provide information on all the affairs and accounts of the company and to examine certain issues. (2) If there is a risk that the shareholder may use the information he/she has obtained to the detriment of the company, then the directors shall be entitled to prevent provision of information to that shareholder and the examinations to be conducted by that shareholder to the necessary extent; the general assembly shall be entitled to decide on this issue upon the inquiry to be made by the respective shareholder. (3) If the general assembly prevents provision of information to that shareholder and the examinations to be conducted by that shareholder without right cause, the court shall decide on this issue upon the inquiry to be made by the respective shareholder. The verdict to be pronounced by the court is final. 7

General Shareholder s Meeting ARTICLE 617- (1) The general shareholder s meeting shall be called by the directors. The ordinary general shareholder s meeting shall be held within a period of three months following the end of the fiscal period every year. The extraordinary general meeting of the shareholders shall be called as required pursuant to the articles of incorporation of the company. (2) The general shareholder s meeting shall be called at least fifteen days prior to the date of the meeting. This period may be extended or shortened down to ten days by virtue of the articles of incorporation of the company. (3) Provisions governing joint stock companies with respect to calling general shareholder s meetings, the rights of the minority shareholders to call a meeting and to make recommendations, the agenda, recommendations, convening the general shareholder s meeting without a call, preparatory measures and participation without voting powers shall apply except for the provisions governing the representative of the Ministry, by analogy. Each shareholder is entitled to be represented at the general Shareholder s meeting by a proxy who is a shareholder or a nonshareholder. (4) Resolutions may be adopted at the general shareholder s meetings by taking written approvals of the shareholders to the proposal made by a shareholder on an agenda item unless a shareholder demands verbal discussion. In order for this resolution to be valid, the same proposal must be submitted to all shareholders for approval. Administration and Representation I - Directors 1. In general ARTICLE 623- (1) The administration and representation of the company shall be governed by the articles of incorporation of the company. The administration or representation of the company may be delegated to one or more shareholders holding office as directors, to all the shareholders or to third persons. At least one shareholder is required to be granted the right to administer the company and the power to represent the company. (2) If a legal person is appointed as the director of the company, this legal person shall appoint a natural person to carry out this duty on behalf of that legal person. 8

(3) Directors of the company are authorized to adopt resolutions on all matters pertaining to the administration of the company which are not vested with the general shareholder s assembly by virtue of the law or the articles of incorporation and to execute such resolutions. 2. If more than one director is appointed ARTICLE 624- (1) If the company has more than one directors one of them shall be appointed as the chairman of the board of directors by the general whether he/she be a shareholder of the company or not. (2) The director who acts as the chairman, or if there is only one director, this person, shall also be authorized to make all the public disclosures and the announcements as well as calling general shareholder s meetings and holding general shareholder s meetings unless the general assembly adopts a resolution to the contrary or a provision to the contrary is stipulated in the articles of incorporation. (3) If more than one director holds office, they shall adopt resolutions by majority. The chairman s vote shall be the casting-vote in the case of equality of votes. The articles of incorporation of the company may stipulate a different arrangement with respect to resolutions to be adopted by the board of directors. Duty of care and commitment, restraint of trade ARTICLE 626- (1) The directors and other persons who are assigned duties with respect to the administration of the company are obliged to perform their duties with utmost care and due diligence and to safeguard the interests of the company, respecting the codes of ethical conduct. The provisions of articles 202 to 205 shall not be prejudiced. (2) Unless stipulated otherwise in the articles of incorporation of the company and unless permitted by all other shareholders in writing the directors shall not engage in any activity in competition with the company. The articles of incorporation of the company may require the permission of the general assembly of the shareholders instead of the shareholders on this issue. (3) Directors are also obliged to fulfill the duty of commitment as well as the shareholders. 9

Domicile of the directors ARTICLE 628- (1) The domicile of at least one of the directors, who is authorized to represent the company alone, shall be located in Turkey (2) If any contradiction with the provisions of paragraph one here above is identified, the director of the trade registry office shall grant a grace period to the company to rectify the situation and to ensure compliance with the law. In case the company fails to rectify the situation as required during this grace period, the director of the trade registry office shall ask the court to dissolve the company. Trade representatives and business agents ARTICLE 631- (1) Trade representatives and business agents may only be appointed by virtue of a resolution to be adopted by the general assembly unless it is provided otherwise in the articles of incorporation of the company; their powers may be restricted by the general assembly. (2) Any trade representative of business agent who does not fall under article 623 may be dismissed by the director or by the majority of the directors any time. If this person is appointed by virtue of a resolution adopted at the general assembly, the general assembly shall be called to a meeting to dismiss that person from the office or to restrict his/her powers. Liability in Tort ARTICLE 632- (1) The company shall be liable for tortuous acts performed by a person who is authorized to administer and represent the company, during the course of fulfilling his duties. D) Electronic transactions and information society services I Web site ARTICLE 1524- (1) All capital stock companies are obliged to established a web site and to allocate a part of this web site, or a part of its existing web site as the case may be, for publishing the following. Such publications include the following: a) Statutory announcements and public disclosures that are required to be made by the company. 10

b) Documents, information and disclosures which will be of use to the shareholders and partners in safeguarding their interests and exercising their rights consciously, if viewed and known by them. c) Resolutions adopted by the board of directors with respect to pre-emptive rights, conversion rights, offering rights, purchase rights, conversion rate and withdrawal allowance; statements of account explaining how the respective values are calculated. d) Assessment reports, statement of founding shareholders, commitments on public offering of shares, corresponding warranties and guarantees; wording of resolutions pertaining to adjournment of bankruptcy and similar matters; resolutions adopted by the general assembly and the board of directors on acquisition of the shares of the company by the company itself, disclosures, information and documents pertaining to such transactions. e) Information, financial statements and documents that are submitted to the examination of the shareholders and beneficiaries in case of mergers, demergers and status changes of business corporations; documents and resolutions pertaining to the amendments made on the articles of association of the company, including capital increases and reductions; reports issued with respect to preferred stock holders, resolutions adopted by the general assembly and issuing securities. f) Documents, reports and disclosures made by the board of directors regarding all kinds of calls including the calls for general Shareholders meetings. g) Information that is required to be disclosed pursuant to the principle of transparency and information society services. h) Questions asked under the right to information, the replies given to these questions, the requirement to inform shareholders or partners under other relevant laws. ı) Financial statements, interim statements that are required to be disclosed pursuant to the law, balance sheets and other financial statements issued for a specific purpose, financial reports that are required to be known by the shareholders and beneficiaries, and the footnotes and attachments thereto. i) The annual reports issued by the board of directors, the disclosure made with respect to the annual assessment of compliance with the corporate governance principles; all kinds of remuneration, entertainment and travel allowances, severance pays, insurance premiums and other payments made to the chairman and members of the board of directors and to other executives. 11

j) Reports issued by the auditor, special auditor and process auditor. k) Information of interest to the shareholders and the capital markets that are required to be disclosed by the competent authorities and the ministries. (2) Failure to fulfill the obligations stipulated in paragraph one here above shall cause the respective resolutions to be abrogated, shall lead to all consequences of violation of the law, causing the executives and the members of the board of directors who are faulty to be held liable. Penalty provisions shall not be prejudiced. (3) The section of the web site that is allocated for information society services shall be available to access by everyone. Exercising the right to access shall not be restricted by requiring the inquirer to be an interested person or a beneficiary nor shall it be made conditional upon anything. Anyone shall be entitled to file a suit for removal of the restriction of access in case of violation of this principle. (4) The date and the phrase forwarded message in brackets shall be inscribed on the heading of the content published in the section of the web site allocated to the purposes of this article. Any message bearing this phrase may only be altered in accordance with the provisions of the Law and the regulation referred to in paragraph two. It shall be presumed that any message provided in the allocated section is a forwarded message. Registration of the web site under a number and other relevant issues shall be governed by the Ministry of Industry and Commerce by virtue of a regulation. (5) Any message that is posted on the web site shall remain on the web site for a minimum period of six months unless a longer period is stipulated by virtue of this law and other relevant laws or administrative regulations; otherwise it shall be deemed not posted. This period is five years for financial statements. (6) Printed forms of forwarded messages shall be kept in accordance with the provisions of article 82. The information to be posted on the web site shall be compiled by the company management as a text and inscribed or pasted on a notarized book with a sequence number, by noting the date and the time. In case of any subsequent alteration on the information posted on the web site, the procedure described in the foregoing shall be carried out with respect to the alteration. 12

IV Board meetings held in electronic medium 1. Principles ARTICLE 1527- (1) Provided that it is allowed for in the articles of association or articles of incorporation of the company, meetings of the board of directors of capital stock companies may be held in electronic medium or some of the members of the board may attend meetings in electronic medium where other members are physically present. In such cases the provisions on meeting quorum and resolution quorum as stipulated in the Law or in the articles of association or the articles of incorporation of the company shall fully apply. (2) Attending general shareholders meetings and board of directors meetings, submitting proposals and casting votes at such meetings in unlimited companies, limited partnerships, limited liability companies and joint stock companies, provided that it is allowed for in their articles of association or articles of incorporation, shall lead to all legal consequences of physical attendance, submitting proposals and casting votes. (3) In cases described in paragraphs one and two here above, in order to cast votes in electronic medium, the company needs to maintain a web site allocated for this purpose, the respective shareholder must make a request to this end, the suitability of the devices in the electronic medium for active participation must be verified by virtue of a technical report which shall be registered and announced and the identities of those who have casted votes shall be kept confidential. (4) The management of the companies that are referred to in paragraphs one and two here above shall fulfill all requirements of casting votes this way pursuant to their articles of association or articles of incorporation and shall provide the respective shareholders with all necessary tools. (5) Attending general shareholders meetings of joint stock companies, submitting proposals, giving opinions and casting votes shall lead to all legal consequences of physical attendance and casting votes. Principles governing execution of this provision shall be regulated by virtue of an internal statute. A copy of the respective provision of the articles of association of the company allowing for attending the general assembly and casting votes at the general shareholders meeting in electronic medium shall be provided in this internal statute. Joint stock companies are not allowed to make and alterations on this provision which shall be copied authentically from the articles of association. This internal statute shall also include the rules allowing for the principal or his/her proxy to cast votes and the powers of the commissioners stipulated in paragraph three under article 407. 13

Following enforcement of this internal statute implementation of the system allowing for attending the general assembly and casting votes at general shareholders meetings shall be mandatory for companies whose stocks are listed on the stock market. (6) Rules governing casting of votes by the principal and implementation under the framework of the provisions of paragraphs one to four and the principles and procedures allowing the principal to give instructions to his/her proxy through the web site shall be governed by a regulation to be issued by the Ministry of Industry and Trade. 2. Rules of implementation ARTICLE 1528- (1) Shareholders, partners and members of the board of directors who intend to use the electronic medium shall notify their electronic mail addresses to the company. 14

Overgangsbepalingen nieuwe Wetboek van Koophandel Hieronder zal nog nader aandacht worden besteed aan het tijdstip waarop de diverse aanpassingen, conform de nieuwe wetgeving, binnen de naamloze- en besloten vennootschappen dienen te zijn gerealiseerd. 1. Het kapitaal: De naamloze- en besloten vennootschappen dienen binnen drie jaar vanaf 14 februari 2011 hun kapitaal in overeenstemming te brengen met de nieuwe wetgeving, dus vóór 14 februari 2014. Het Ministerie van Handel en Industrie kan dit tijdstip vanaf 14 februari 2014 twee keer voor een periode van één jaar verlengen, aldus tot 14 februari 2016. 2. De oprichting: De naamloze- en besloten vennootschappen die per 1 juli 2012 worden opgericht dienen terstond aan de voorschriften van de nieuwe wetgeving te voldoen. 3. De Akte van Oprichting/Statuten: De Akte van Oprichting/Statuten dienen binnen 18 maanden ná de publicatie in de Staatscourant van het nieuwe Wetboek van Koophandel te zijn aangepast, dus vóór 14 augustus 2012. Het Ministerie van Handel en Industrie kan dit tijdstip vanaf 14 augustus 2012 slechts voor een periode van één jaar verlengen, en wel tot 14 augustus 2013. 4. De naamloze- en besloten vennootschap met één aandeelhouder/vennoot: De bestaande naamloze- en besloten vennootschap die om welke reden dan ook naar één aandeelhouder/vennoot zal overgaan dient deze, door tussenkomst van de notaris, binnen 15 dagen vanaf het tijdstip dat de nieuwe wet van kracht is (1 juli 2012), onder vermelding van naam, adres en nationaliteit, bij de Raad van Bestuur of statutair-directeur van de naamloze-, danwel besloten vennootschap aan te melden. Dit orgaan zal binnen zeven dagen nadien deze gegevens dienen te laten opnemen in het daartoe bestemde Register en vervolgens te publiceren. 15

5. De schulden van de aandeelhouders en/of vennoten: De aandeelhouders en/of vennoten die aan de vennootschap gelden verschuldigd zijn dienen deze binnen drie jaar ná het van kracht worden van het nieuwe Wetboek van Koophandel geheel af te lossen, dus vóór 1 juli 2015. 6. De vergaderingen en besluiten teneinde de Satuten te wijzigen: De bepalingen met betrekking tot het beleggen van Vergaderingen van Aandeelhouders en de te nemen besluiten zullen, binnen zes maanden nadat het Wetboek van kracht is geworden, in de Statuten in overeenstemming met de nieuwe wetgeving moeten worden aangepast, dus vóór 1 januari 2013. 16

Kamers van Koophandel in Turkije Wat te doen om een uittreksel van een in het Handelsregister ingeschreven bedrijf op te vragen? De Kamer van Koophandel vormt een schakel tussen overheid en ondernemers door informatieverstrekking en uitvoering van ondernemerschapsbeleid. De gegevens die de Kamer van Koophandel vastlegt in het Handelsregister zijn in de regel betrouwbaar en compleet. Turkije biedt aan het Nederlandse bedrijfsleven vele mogelijkheden tot handeldrijven/ondernemen. Het is van eminent belang de rechtsvorm van het bedrijf -zoals een eenmanszaak, besloten vennootschap (Ltd.) of naamloze vennootschap(a.ş.)- waarmee men verplichtingen aangaat vast te stellen. Om deze gegevens te achterhalen kan men gebruik maken van de diensten van de Kamer van Koophandel. Hieronder volgt de instructie om deze gegevens online te verkrijgen: Nog niet iedere Kamer van Koophandel in Turkije beschikt over een website. Voorts zijn er Kamers van Koophandel die geen gegevens over hun leden verstrekken. De bedrijfsnamen staan dan wel vermeld, maar slechts met de mededeling dat bedrijf X geregistreerd is in het Handelsregister. Alleen Kamers van Koophandel in grote steden bieden de online dienst gratis aan. Het is mogelijk om de huidige ondernemingsstructuur en de juridische status van de onderneming in te zien, echter geen gedetailleerde informatie uit het verleden. Vanaf 1 juni 2012 zullen de rechtsvorm en alle relevante bedrijfsgegevens op een andere website op te vragen zijn (zie: ook elders bij het nieuwe Wetboek van Koophandel). Stappenplan om inzicht te krijgen in bedrijfsgegevens bij bijvoorbeeld de Kamer van Koophandel in Istanbul: 1. Ga naar www.ito.org.tr 2. Open Bilgi bankası (Databank) 3. Open Firma bilgileri (Bedrijfsgegevens) 4. Open Sicil kayıtları (Gegevens in het register) 5. Zoek op handelsnaam (Ticaret ünvanına Göre arama) 17

6. Voer de handelsnaam (Ticaret ünvanına Göre) of de vervallen handelsnaam (Eski üvanına göre) of de bedrijfsnaam (İşletme adına Göre) in 7. Voer de letters die verschijnen in 8. Druk op zoeken (Ara) 9. Selecteer het bedrijf in de lijst 10. Druk op Sicil No (Registratienummer) 11. Druk op het PDF-bestand om de gegevens op te vragen Kosten: De Kamer van Koophandel in Nederland berekent de kosten zoveel mogelijk door aan de gebruiker. Individuele afnemers van producten en diensten, zoals bijvoorbeeld een uittreksel, betalen een kostendekkende prijs. De Kamer van Koophandel in Turkije biedt deze diensten echter gratis aan. Steden: De Kamers van Koophandel in Turkije bevinden zich in vele steden. Voor deze websiteadressen verwijs ik naar: www.tobb.org.tr/odaveborsalar/web.php Toelichting op de afkortingen die op deze website voorkomen: DTO: Deniz ticaret odası: TB: Ticaret borsası: TO: Ticaret odası: TSO: Ticaret ve Sanayi odası: SO: Sanayi odası: Kamer van Koophandel belast met maritieme zaken De Beurs voor plantaardige en dierlijke producten Kamer van Koophandel Kamer van Koophandel en Industrie Kamer van Industrie Woorden die in het Handelsregister van de Kamer van Koophandel bij gegevens van de bedrijfsregistraties voorkomen: Sicil no: Ünvan: Eski ünvan: Iş adresi: Şube adresi: Telefon no: Faks: Registratienummer (Handels)naam Vervallen (handels)naam (Bedrijfs)adres Adres van het filiaal Telefoonnummer Faxnummer 18