ÖGEW, DGMK Herbstveranstaltung Pipeline Technology Today and Tomorrow. Tim Callan, 11/10/2007

Transcriptie

1 ÖGEW, DGMK Herbstveranstaltung 2007 Tim Callan, 11/10/2007

2 AGENDA Intoduction Route Engineering Pipeline Design and Materials Construction Operation and Maintenance Perspective ÖGEW Presentation page 2

3 INTRODUCTION - Major Pipelines of the World ÖGEW Presentation Importance of pipelines for the Oil & Gas Industry Total length of high pressure transport pipelines (in km) -existing gas 1,300,000 oil 200,000 -future (2030) gas 1,000,000 oil 150,000 Flow lines and gathering lines not counted Also not shown: water pipelines which gain importance (Arabian Peninsula and Libya) page 3 Quelle: Petroleum Economist

4 INTRODUCTION The oil and gas industry could not exist without pipelines Development of technology driven by either technical challenges (including HSE considerations) or by the need to reduce cost At the beginning of the 21 st Century, key influences are: -Mitigation of environmental impact -Acceptance by the public -Competition with tanker transport (LNG, crude) This presentation will follow the path of the life cycle of a pipeline ÖGEW Presentation page 4

5 ROUTE ENGINEERING Onshore / 3D Satellite Image The two main disciplines in pipeline design - route engineering - system design Route Engineering has been revolutionized by the use of satellite images, aerial photos, GPS and GIS Still unresolved: Cost effective method for soil survey onshore Quelle: Google Earth ÖGEW Presentation page 5

6 ROUTE ENGINEERING - Constraint Mapping Search for the optimum route - technically feasible, safe, stable geohazard study - constructable at reasonable cost - minimum environmental impact; EIA = Environmental impact assessment - minimum resistance from the public - ROW can be acquired Recommended practice: constraint mapping (see map) Importance of open communication to build up trust with authorities and public Quelle: Burgas Alexandroupolis crude oil pipeline project ÖGEW Presentation page 6

7 PIPELINE DESIGN Improved Steel Grade Trend to increase the yield strength of the steel; X52 X65 X70 X80 X100 X120; (360 to 830 N/mm³) Steel tonnage for 1000 km pipeline 90 bar steel grade tons X52 856,000 X70 639,000 X80 560,000 Minimum wall thickness ~ 1% of diameter ÖGEW Presentation page 7

8 PIPELINE DESIGN Comparable Specific Transportation Cost (CSTC) for 56 gas pipeline X80 Specific Transport. Cost (Euro/1000 Sm³/1000 km) 12,0 11,0 10,0 9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 Specific Transportation Cost (Pipeline System Operated at Pressure Ratio p2/p1 for Bestpoint) 70 barg; P1/P2: 1,33 90 barg; P1/P2: 1, barg; P1/P2: 1, barg; P1/P2: 1,18 Reduce transportation cost by increasing operating pressure in combination with higher steel grade Approach more cost effective for gas than for oil pipelines Acceptance by authorities / public of high-pressure cross-country pipelines 5, Annual Gas Throughput (BCM) ÖGEW Presentation page 8

9 PIPELINE DESIGN Further Considerations Predicting flow regimes (hydraulics) a key for successful design multiphase, transient, Non Newtonian liquids - application of simulation software Predicting the combined stresses in the pipewall under complex conditions is another key Monitoring and control of pipeline systems as well as leak detection has been revolutionized by modern information technology Increasing importance of protecting the environment; risk based location of mainline valves in crude oil lines (see Diagram) reduces the impact Measures to improve the security of pipeline installations will get more attention in the future ÖGEW Presentation page 9

10 MANUFACTURING Submerged arc welding is still the preferred method for pipe manufacturing High resistance coatings in combination with cathodic protection to eliminate external corrosion Internal corrosion is still a problem especially in flow lines or other pipelines carrying unprocessed products-potential for improvement by research into metallurgy ÖGEW Presentation page 10

11 CONSTRUCTION - Onshore Innovation onshore not very significant over the last 30 to 40 years except: - Horizontal directional drilling and microtunneling - Mechanized or automated welding in combination with ultrasonic testing - Heavy rock trenching, e.g. use of autotrenchers, No-Dig technology ÖGEW Presentation page 11

12 CONSTRUCTION - Onshore Great efforts are underway to reduce cost of pipeline construction Most promising seems to be the Land Lay Barge approach Increased HSE requirements will continue to have a strong influence on construction practice Great challenge as most of the new pipelines will cross areas with adverse weather conditions and difficult terrain ÖGEW Presentation page 12

13 PIPELINE DESIGN Compressor Station ÖGEW Presentation page 13

14 PIPELINE DESIGN Pump Station ÖGEW Presentation page 14

15 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE Modern information technology has revolutionized pipeline operation -hydraulic offline simulators -online operation -leak detection -GIS based emergency response plan Progress has been made in the use of flow improvers (drag reducing agents) Great progress has been made in the area of internal pipeline diagnosis by the use of Intelligent Pigs (see picture) Such inspections are essential for assuring the integrity of aging pipelines and for risk based maintenance ÖGEW Presentation page 15

16 PERSPECTIVE: Gas Industry Market Drivers Supply Security Market Liberalisation (interconnection) Intraregional Energy Corridors Gas Storage, LNG ÖGEW Presentation page 16

17 The ILF Group Thank you for your attention!