ASMAT, YAOSAKOR. Kaimo group: Awok Biwar-on Sor Damen Fos Jaosokor? Jinak? Kaai Kaimo-island river- Os? Wooi - Amelsvoort 1964:193.

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1 ASMAT, YAOSAKOR 7. Aan de bovenloop van de Anna rivier treffen wij Betsjo, Mbiwar (2), Ndamen, en lager aan de Eilanden de Koi (Kaimo), de Jao-Sokor, hoger op de Eilanden de Os, de Fos, de Awok. Het zijn minder grote dorpen. Vermoedelijk maken zij de aansluiting met de Wakani en Sokoni aan de Kampongrivier. Mogelijkerwijs zijn ook de Wowi enz. aan de Wildeman met hen verwant. De Mbiro aan de bovenloop van de Utumbuwee en andere dorpen aan de bovenloop van de Eilanden behoren wel tot groep zes of vormen een eigen groep. De Wowi zouden een 2000 zielen omvatten. Ook de andere groep, nl. Betsjo, Mbiwar, Ndamen, Os, Fos, Awok, Koi, Jao-Sokor, Wakani, Sokoni, komen op ene ongeveer gelijk aantal zielen. Wijstellen hun aantal op 2500 mensen. - Zegwaard 1953 Ts:2. 2. De groep stroomopwaarts van de Noord-Eilandenrivier omvattende de dorpen: Jaosakor, Kaimo, Ndamen, Awok, Fos, Os, Biwar-Binnen en waarschijnlijk ook de zwerfdorpjes aan de bovenloop van de Annaen Kiwe-rivier, Joenni, Biro, Kawor, Boewet e.a. - Lapre 1959 Ts:11. b. Kaimo-group 10 villages with 1780 inhabitants upstream of the Island river Sirétsj. Total: 23 villages with 8949 inhabitants. - Amelsvoort 1964:192. Kaimo group: Awok Biwar-on Sor Damen Fos Jaosokor? Jinak? Kaai Kaimo-island river- Os? Wooi - Amelsvoort 1964:193. ASMAT, KAIMO Kaimo (Koi) Awok Os Fos Jinak Wooi (Wowi) Kaai

2 Buet Juni Betjew (Betsjo) - Simmons et al ,000 LOC: South Coast along Sirac River - Silzer & Clouse 1991:39. (ASAMUR) (linguistic designation) = YAOSAKOR ASMAT (Cf S&C) KENEKAP (KAIMO) (cultural group) -- YAOSAKOR ASMAT (cf S&C) Biwar-Darat Damen Yaosokor Kaimo Awok Fos - Konrad 1996: Asmat, Yaosakor: spoken on the south cast of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Also called Yaosakor. - Comrie 1992e:237. ASMAT, YAOSAKOR (YAOSAKOR)... 2,000 (1991 SIL). South coast along the Sirac River, Merauke Kabupaten, Agats and Atsy kecamatans Grimes ASMAT, YAOSAKOR (YAOSAKOR)... 2,000 (1991 SIL). South coast along the Sirac River, Merauke Kabupaten, Agats and Atsy kecamatans. Linguistic affiliation: Trans-New Guinea, Main Section, Central and Western, Central and South New Guinea- Kutubuan, Central and South New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro. - Grimes (Asmat of Manowé) Bewar, Ats, Kaimo, Desep, Jow, Kawat, Tjiwen, Us, Seper, Bariten, Amorep, Jepim, Warse, Jao, Jamat, Suroh, Bu, Agatsj, Simai, Ewar, Namin, Biwar, Sinne, Manep, Djipawar, Epit, Jofer, Komor, Sana, Erma, Agani, Jufri, Juni, Jumas, Pek, Ambir-Kaimes, Beni, Jet, Aman-Namkai, Saowa, Erema, Mbu, Akani, Jao-Sokor ( zielen). - Galis :175. The Asmat language area begins about 60 kilometers west of Sempan, where the Jac River forms its western bundary. Between the Jac and the Sirac (Eilanden) River, Asmat occupies almost the

3 whole coastal plain. Its eastern and southern border runs roughly parallel with the Sirac at a distance of kilometers east and south from it. Only near [sic] and along the coast has the language area an extension further south: in a gradually narrowing strip it extends as far as the northern entrance of the Digul River. Drabbe distinguishes five main dialects within Asmat: a Northern dialect on the upper Lorentz and Noord Rivers; a Central-Coast dialect; a Southern or Casuarina Coast dialect; a Central dialect on the lower Sirac and As (Kampong) Rivers; and the Citak dialect east of the confluence of the Wildeman and Sirac Rivers. This is a very global division, still in need of much refinement. The total number of Asmat speakers is estimated at 40, Voorhoeve 1975b:372. Asmat 3 dialects POP: +/- 40,000 - Silzer & Heikkinen 1984:67. ASMAT Village names: Sawa-Erma Yowun-Yuferi Ewer Ayam Becow Yuni Suru Yepem Uwus Amborep Warse Yaosakor Damen Biwar (hutan) Kaimo Awok Fos Serew Biwar (laut) Kawet Kapi Yamas Per (Kaye-Minipir) As-Atat - Voorhoeve 1986:124. In spite of much cultural common ground the Asmat form no ethnic and linguistic unit. They rather divide into four related but distinct languages and into a series of dialects.

4 Altogether, the Asmat now comprise about 50,000 people, of whom more than 30,000 are Central Asmat. The latter are divided into three dialects and into several sub-dialects. Nevertheless, they acknowledge a common origin: the term Asmat means both 'we, the true [sic, true] people' and 'men, originated from a tree' Hanser 1989:75. 40,000 - Silzer & Clouse 1991:39. Identification.... The term "Asmat" (or "As-amat") means "we the tree people."... Location. The Asmat live within the Indonesian province of Irian Jaya... The geographic coordinates are approximately 6 o S and 138 o E.... Demography. It is estimated that there are approximately 50,000 Asmat people.... Linguistic Affiliation. The determination of which scattered groups constitute the Asmat is, in part, an artifact of outside intervention and classification processes dating to the pre-1963 era of Dutch occupation. Five dialects are spoken in the Asmat language, which is a member of the Asmat-Kamoro Family of Non-Austronesian languages Van Arsdale & Van Arsdale 1991:19.

5 ASMAT, YAOSAKOR 2,000 Asmat-Kamoro (Silzer & Clouse 1991; Grimes 1996, 2000) ASMAT, YAOSAKOR Comrie 1992e ASMAT, YAOSAKOR 3,000 Asmat-Kamoro (Grimes 1992) ASMAT Drabbe 1953 ASMAT 30,000 Zegwaard 1953a(1955) ASMAT 21,250 Zegwaard 1953b(1955) ASMAT c. 30,000 Galis ASMAT ASMAT Galis 1960; Salzner 1960; Capell 33,840 Wurm 1971 ASMAT 35,000+ Voorhoeve 1975 ASMAT 40,000 Asmat-Kamoro (Silzer & ASMAT 40,000 Asmat (Foley 1986) ASMAT 50,000 Hanser 1989 ASMAT 50,000 Asmat-Kamoro (Van Arsdale & Van Arsdale 1991, ASMAT = CENTRAL ASMAT d of ASMAT Silzer & Heikkinen 1984 KAIMO -- ASMAT 1,780 (Amelsvoort 1964) ASMAT, KAIMO Simmons et al 1967 ASMAT, KAIMO = YAOSAKOR ASMAT Simmons et al 1967 (cf S&C) KAIMO = KENEKAP -- ASAMUR = YAOSAKOR = YAOSAKOR ASMAT Comrie 1992e; Grimes 1992, 1996, DEKAI KABI Louwerse 1988 SÜDKÜSTE ( o ) Meyer 1908 (Bauer) Ambir-Kaimes -- ASMAT Galis Awok -- ASMAT Zegwaard 1953a,b(1955) Awok -- ASMAT Zegwaard 1953 Ts, Lapre 1959 Ts Awok -- KAIMO ASMAT Amelsvoort 1964, Simmons et al 1967 Awok -- CENTRAL (KEENAKAP) Awok -- KEENAKAP CENTRAL ASMAT Voorhoeve 1980 Awok -- ASMAT Voorhoeve 1986 Awok -- YAOSAKOR ASMAT Silzer & Clouse 1991 Awok -- KENEKAP ASAMUR = Beni -- ASMAT Galis Mbiro -- ASMAT Biro -- ASMAT Mbiro -- KEENAKAP CENTRAL Zegwaard 1953a,b(1955) Lapre 1959 Ts

6 ASMAT Drabbe 1963 Biwar-Binnen -- ASMAT Lapre 1959 Ts Biwar-Darat -- KENEKAP ASAMUR = Biwar-on Sor -- KAIMO ASMAT Amelsvoort 1964 Damen -- KAIMO ASMAT Amelsvoort 1964 Damen -- SIMAI ASMAT Simmons et al 1967 Damen -- ASMAT Voorhoeve 1986 Damen -- KENEKAP ASAMUR = Ndamen -- ASMAT Zegwaard 1953a,b(1955), 1953 Ts Ndamen -- ASMAT Lapre 1959 Ts Ndamen -- KEENAKAP CENTRAL ASMAT Drabbe 1963 Ndamen = Damen -- SIMAI ASMAT Simmons et al 1967 DEKAJU-ANIM -- d of ASMAT Salzner 1960 Desep -- ASMAT Galis DOJU'USSI -- d of ASMAT Salzner 1960 Epit -- ASMAT Galis Fos -- ASMAT Zegwaard 1953a,b(1955), 1953 Ts; Fos -- KEENAKAP CENTRAL ASMAT Drabbe 1963 Fos -- KAIMO ASMAT Amelsvoort 1964, Simmons et al 1967 Fos -- CENTRAL (KEENAKAP) Fos -- KEENAKAP CENTRAL ASMAT Voorhoeve 1980 Fos -- ASMAT Voorhoeve 1986 Fos -- KENEKAP ASAMUR = IMUMA -- d of ASMAT Salzner 1960 Jamat -- ASMAT Galis Jao -- ASMAT Galis Jao-Sokor -- ASMAT Zegwaard 1953a,b(1955), Galis Jao-Sokor -- ASMAT Zegwaard 1953 Ts Jaosakor -- ASMAT Lapre 1959 Ts Jaosokor -- KAIMO ASMAT Amelsvoort 1964 Jaosokor -- SIMAI ASMAT Simmons et al 1967 Yaosakor -- CENTRAL (KEENAKAP) Yaosakor -- SIMAI KAWENAK Gajdusek et al 1978 Yaosakor -- KEENAKAP CENTRAL

7 ASMAT Voorhoeve 1980 Yaosakor -- ASMAT Voorhoeve 1986 Yaosakor -- YAOSAKOR ASMAT Silzer & Clouse 1991 Yaosokor -- KENEKAP ASAMUR = Zaosokor -- KEENAKAP CENTRAL ASMAT Drabbe 1963 Jet -- ASMAT Galis ? Jinak -- KAIMO ASMAT Amelsvoort 1964 Jofer -- ASMAT Galis Joni -- KAINAK Verhey van Wijk 1959 Ts Jöni -- JAMAS ASEMAT Haar 1940(1993) Jöni -- ASMAT Zegwaard 1953a,b(1955), 1953 Ts Joni -- KAWENAK ASMAT Drabbe 1963 Joeni -- ASMAT Thooft 1957 Ts Joenni -- ASMAT Lapre 1959 Ts Juni -- ASMAT Galis Juni -- KAIMO ASMAT Simmons et al 1967 Yuni --? CENTRAL COAST (KAWENAK) Yuni -- KAWENAK CENTRAL ASMAT Voorhoeve 1980 Yuni -- CENTRAL ASMAT d of ASMAT Silzer & Heikkinen 1984 Yuni -- ASMAT Voorhoeve 1986 Yuni -- UNIR EPMAK ASAME = CENTRAL ASMAT Konrad 1996 (cf S&C) Jumas -- ASMAT Galis ? Kaai -- KAIMO ASMAT Amelsvoort 1964 Kaimo = Koi -- ASMAT Kaimo -- ASMAT Kaimo -- KEENAKAP CENTRAL ASMAT Drabbe 1963 Kaimo -- KAIMO ASMAT Simmons et al 1967 Kaimo -- CENTRAL (KEENAKAP) Kaimo -- KEENAKAP CENTRAL ASMAT Voorhoeve 1980 Kaimo -- ASMAT Voorhoeve 1986 Kaimo -- KENEKAP ASAMUR = YAOSAKOR ASMAT Zegwaard 1953a,b(1955), 1953 Ts Galis , Lapre 1959 Ts Konrad 1996 (cf S&C) Kaimo-island river -- KAIMO ASMAT Amelsvoort 1964 Kawor -- ASMAT Lapre 1959 Ts

8 Koi -- ASMAT Zegwaard 1953a,b(1955), 1953 Ts Koi = Kaimo -- KAIMO ASMAT Simmons et al 1967 Os -- ASMAT Zegwaard 1953a,b(1955), 1953 Ts; Os -- KAIMO ASMAT Amelsvoort 1964, Simmons et al 1967 Os -- CENTRAL (KEENAKAP) Oes -- DITJIM BISMAM MANOEWE Maturbongs 1938 Ts Oes -- PIRI ASEMAT Haar 1940(1993) Oòs -- KEENAKAP CENTRAL ASMAT Drabbe 1963 Pek -- ASMAT Galis Saoamu -- KAÜNAK ASMAT Drabbe 1963 Seper -- ASMAT Galis Serew -- ASMAT Voorhoeve 1986 UTUMBUWE'E -- d of ASMAT Salzner 1960? Wooi -- KAIMO ASMAT Amelsvoort 1964 Wooi -- KAIMO ASMAT Simmons et al 1967 WOWI -- ASMAT/MANOWE Tijdschrift "Nieuw-Guinea" Wowi --? ASMAT Zegwaard 1953a,b(1955), 1953 Ts Wowi = Wooi -- KAIMO ASMAT Simmons et al 1967 Wowi -- ARAMATAK ASAMUR = CENTRAL ASMAT Konrad 1996 (cf S&C)