11/6/2014. Structuur fokwaarde schatting US. Impact van Genomics in de VS. Gebruik genomics. Albert Reurink (Accelerated Genetics)

Maat: px

Weergave met pagina beginnen:

Download "11/6/2014. Structuur fokwaarde schatting US. Impact van Genomics in de VS. Gebruik genomics. Albert Reurink (Accelerated Genetics)"

Margaretha Meyer
7 jaren geleden
Aantal bezoeken:

1 Impact van Genomics in de VS Albert Reurink (Accelerated Genetics) met dank aan Kent Weigel genetic advisor NAAB, Prof University Wisconsin, Madison Structuur fokwaarde schatting US Gebruik genomics Effect op structuur fokprogramma s Nieuwe mogelijkheden Internationale kansen 25 th NAAB Technical Conference 25 th NAAB Technical Conference Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding (CDCB) Structure National Association of Animal Breeders (NAAB) Certified Semen Services A.I. Stations National Dairy Herd Information Association (NDHIA) Quality Certification Services Dairy Record Processing Centers Added to CDCB in 2012 DRMS Ag Source AgriTech Provo Purebred Dairy Cattle Association Holstein Ayrshire Jersey Guernsey Milking Shorthorn Brown Swiss R&W Holstein Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding 12 voting Board Members and up to 2 non-voting Allied Industry November Advisory Board 11, Members 2012 U.S. Federal Government United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agriculture Research Service (ARS) NAAB DRPs DRPCs PDCA Allied Industry (2) Nonvoting Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory (AIPL) Bovine Functional Genomic Laboratory (BFGL) Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory (AGIL 2014) Animal Improvement Program (AIP within AGIL) 1

2 OVEREENKOMST March 2013, CDCB 5 jaar afspraak met US overheid onderzoeks afdeling CDCB bekostigt en levert service aan de berekening en distributie van fokwaarden richting de verschillende gebruikers groepen AIP binnen AGIL voert onderzoek uit en levert nieuwe en up todate statistische algoritmes Waarom Voor Genomics fokwaardeschattingen meer service nodig en grotere investeringen in reken capaciteit Genomics hebben meer phenotype data nodig, niet minder Lange termijn financiele en personeels continuiteit Database op USDA niveau (open/onafhankelijk) Round-Oak Rag Apple Elevation (part of chromosome 1) Cooperative Dairy DNA Repository National Genetic Evaluation Program USJersey Open karakter Iedereen kan een genomic fokwaarde ontvangen tegen een redelijke participatie prijs Rate code Kind of participation Female fee $ Initial male fee $ AI Service male fee $ 1 Total program member Non-member Canada Approved partners All others

3 Pre-Genomics Progeny Testing in the USA No. Bulls Tested in 2006 Ayrshire 6 Brown Swiss 27 Guernsey 14 Holstein 1,329 Jersey 136 Milking Shorthorn 3 Animal genotypes in the CDCB Cooperator Database Jan 2009 through Sept Breed Female Male Total Percent AY 2,174 1,283 3, BS 2,652 14,876 17, HO 485, , , JE 67,308 12,414 79, Total 557, , ,016 % Genomic PTA (GPTA) for a Young Calf Gain in Reliability due to Genomics Reference Population of Older Animals + = Calf with Genotype (and corrected or discovered parentage) Estimated SNP Effects We are essentially buying reliability early in life, instead of waiting for phenotypes to be measured Gain in Reliability due to Genomics Trait Bias* Reliability (%) Reliability gain (%) Final score Stature Dairy form Rump angle Rump width Feed and legs Fore udder attachment Rear udder height Udder depth Udder cleft Front teat placement Teat length deregressed PTA vs genomic PTA for US Holstein bulls Overall Adoption of Genomic Testing 3

Flow of Genomic Information Industry Use of Genomic Young Sires DNA laboratory Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) producer Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding (CDCB) AI organization, breed association %

4 Flow of Genomic Information Industry Use of Genomic Young Sires DNA laboratory Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) producer Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding (CDCB) AI organization, breed association % Breedings to Genotyped Bulls < 4 Years of Age % Breedings to Ungenotyped Bulls < 4 years of age Holstein Jersey Cole, 2014 Hutchison, Cole, and Bickhart, 2013 Average Merit of Holstein AI Bulls Dynamiek van de KI fokpogramma s is veranderd Elite vrouwelijke dieren worden duur verkocht Cole, 2014 Impact on Generation Interval for Males Traditional AI breeding program (before genomics) Bull A is born and is selected based on his EBV. Bull A is progeny tested. Progeny of Bull A are born. Progeny of Bull A calve Milk production data from progeny of Bull A are available to calculate his EBV. Bull A is used as sire of sons. Generation Interval = 63 mo 0 yr 1 yr 3 mo 2 yr 4 yr 4 yr 6 mo 5 yr 3 mo Sons of Bull A are born Impact on Generation Interval is born and selected based on GEBV. Sons of are born. Grandsons of born Milk Production data from progeny of Bull B are available to calculate his EBV Great grandsons of are born. Aggressive AI breeding program (after genomics) 0 yr 1 yr 1 yr 9 mo 2 yr 9 mo 3 yr 6 mo 4 yr 6 mo 5y 3 mo reaches sexual maturity and is used as a sire of sons Generation Interval = 21 mo Sons of Bull B reach sexual maturity and are used as sires of sons Grand-sons of reach sexual maturity and are used as sire of sons Schefers and Weigel, 2012 Van Tassell,

5 Number of Genotyped Jerseys 11/6/2014 Effecten voor de KI fokprogramma s Naar jonge stieren meer vraag, maar ze produceren lager aantal rietjes per jaar Traditionele groeps huisvesting voor wachtstieren verandert in complete individuele huisvesting Nog steeds grote vraag voor oudere stieren, met dochter fokwaarden (voor) selectie van grote aantallen stieren bij fokkers 95% van jonge stieren stammen af van jonge stieren (zonder dochters) Nieuwe balance in samenwerking tussen fokkers en fokprogramma s Fokkers zien investeerders geld komen met eis voor Rendement Ki programma s investeren in vrouwelijke dieren, met dynamiek voor omvang, risico en vooruitgang, binnen financiele randvoorwaarden. ET, IVF etc, versnellen kansen voor het verkorten van generatie interval Nieuwe commerciele dynamiek fokprogramma s Eerste sperma van elite jonge stieren verkocht voor erg hoge prijzen: dollar Silver, Supershot, 1stClass, and Ocean PP as examples Beloning for KI programma en fokker Continue genetica uitwisseling tussen fokprogramma s Adoption of Low-Density Genotyping K Males Chip Type Females 50K Genotype Imputation Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Your brain does this after learning a language Imputation algorithms do this with 99% accuracy after learning what haplotypes exist in cows and bulls of the same breed that have been tested with a more expensive chip Tracking Inheritance using SNPs Results from the UW-Madison Herd Cole, 2013 Hoffman, Fjarlie, Vanderwerff, and Weigel,

Strategies for Genotyping Females Test the whole herd Strategies for Genotyping Females Test the whole herd Test potentially elite animals for marketing Test potentially elite animals for marketing

Selection for New Traits (feed efficiency) 2008 (using progeny testing) 2013 (using genomics) Cost of measuring phenotype = $200 per cow Progeny test population = 1,500 bulls x 100 daughters per bull

6 Strategies for Genotyping Females Test the whole herd Strategies for Genotyping Females Test the whole herd Test potentially elite animals for marketing Test potentially elite animals for marketing Test potentially inferior animals for culling Test potentially inferior animals for culling Test animals that are on the bubble Test animals that are on the bubble Genomic Stier advies programma Selection for New Traits (feed efficiency) 2008 (using progeny testing) 2013 (using genomics) Cost of measuring phenotype = $200 per cow Progeny test population = 1,500 bulls x 100 daughters per bull = 150,000 cows per year Total cost = $30 million per year $20,000 per progeny tested bull Cost of measuring phenotype = $200 per cow Cost of genomic testing = $100 per animal (less with imputation) Reference population = 20,000 cows + 2,000 new cows per year Selection candidates = 5,000 young bulls per year Based on 1,017 genotyped Jerseys born from Total cost = $1.37 million per year $275 per genome tested bull Selection for New Traits (feed efficiency) Internationale samenwerking Wetenschappelijk, politiek en commercieel debat over de internationale uitwisseling van SNP s of Genomic Mace SNP uitwisseling geven een meer nauwkeurige schatting van de benodigde outliers in de deelnemende populaties SNP uitwisseling zal genetische vooruitgang versnellen US welcomes snip exchange as next level international cooperation 6

7 Samenvatting Deelname in genomic selectie in de VS is uitgebreid en de informatie is publiek THANK YOU! Structuur fokwaardeschatting is open en transparant Conituniteit van gegevensverzameling in de praktijk nog meer relevant Fokprogramma s zijn qua structuur en dynamiek verandert Kansen voor vrouwelijke selectie binnen bedrijven, genomic paringsadvies en meer kansen voor nieuwe kenmerken Uitdaging en grote kans voor grote global database via uitwisseling van snips voor internationale fokwaardeschatting. 7

Vergelijkbare documenten

Excelleren kun je niet alleen!

Excelleren kun je niet alleen! Excelleren in installatieverantwoordelijkheid 16-03-16 Nancy Polet Installatieverantwoordelijke m/v persoon die is aangewezen als direct verantwoordelijke voor de veilige