Jellyfish, jellypress and jellyperception

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1 Jellyfish, jellypress and jellyperception Sofie Vandendriessche, Lies Vansteenbrugge, Kris Hostens, Hannelore Maelfait Merho

2 Apparent in jellyfish blooms of reports in science and general media? Public perception influenced by media? Cf. Condon et al, 2012 in public awareness

3 What are the main messages spread by the general media about jellyfish? Do these messages agree with the public knowledge and perception? What are the implications of these results for ICZM? A dead jellyfish! Again Merho

4 jellypress Title day month year source species region keyword 1 keyword 2 keyword 3 context Azijn smeren tegen kwallensteken 14 augustus 2000 Het Nieuwsblad / BCP hulppost redding azijn health Camouflage tegen kwallen 25 augustus 2000 De Morgen / Jeruzalem onderzoek clownvis zonnecrème health Kamkwallen vreten Kaspische Zee leeg 31 oktober 2000 Het Nieuwsblad Mnemiopsis leidyi Kaspische Zee plankton vraatzuchtig visstand blooms Sepia en kwal 2 augustus 2001 Het Volk Cyanea lamarckii BCP aanspoelen strand gif blooms Hittegolf en kwallenplaag in Italië 26 maart 2001 Het Volk / Italië netten zomer invasie blooms Kwallen geven biggetjes fluorescerende kleuren 13 okt 2001 Het Belang van Limburg / VS onderzoek fluorescent biggen science Duizenden blauwe kwallen aangespoeld 25 okt 2001 Het Laatste Nieuws Rhizostoma octopus BCP warm aanspoelen ongevaarlijk blooms Opnieuw dode door dodelijke kwal 16 april 2002 Gazet Van Antwerpen Carukia barnesi Australië klein giftig gestorven drama Minuskule kwal doodt zwemmers 20 april 2002 De Tijd Carukia barnesi Australië klein giftig gestorven drama Dood na beet van een kwal 2 februari 2002 Gazet Van Antwerpen Carukia barnesi Australië klein giftig dodelijk drama Kwal maakt eerste dode 2 februari 2002 De Morgen Carukia barnesi Australië klein giftig autopsie drama Reuzenkwallen spoelen massaal aan in Japan 29 november 2002 Het Belang van Limburg Stomolophus nomurai Japan netten temperatuur gif blooms Reuzenkwallen overspoelen Japanse kust 29 november 2002 De Standaard Stomolophus nomurai Japan netten temperatuur gif blooms Warmte lokt ook kwallen naar strand 12 augustus 2003 Het Nieuwsblad Aurelia aurita BCP onschuldig aanspoelen warmte blooms

5 jellyperception quotes: Tourists will not be affected, they will just go elsewhere Jellies? Whatever! The sight of them alone is enough Jellies imply danger for me

6 1/ There s jellyfish and there s jellyfish.: the species issue 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% unspecified Turritopsis nutricola Tiburonia granrojo Stomolophus nomurai Rhizostoma octopus Physalia physalis Carybdea marsupialis Pelagia noctiluca Mnemiopsis leidyi Cyanea lamarckii Cyanea capillata Chrysaora hysoscella Chironex fleckeri Carukia barnesi Aurelia aurita 0% Jellypress: species mentioned in 47% of the articles Jellyperception: few people know different species (except divers) survey was generalised to jellyfish tourists cautious with all species, including harmless species

7 # articles 2/ Rise of slime, jellyfish joyride and jellyfication?? all local Jellypress: jellyfish conquer the world Jellyperception divers: 17% perceive increase other recreationists: 5% perceive increase More Mnemiopsis Perhaps I have the wrong impression? The beaches are cleaned very often

8 3/ Key words reflect the general messages nettle cells beautiful tentacles slimy transparant elegant pain sting caution diversity nuisance gelatinous sea foul abundant divers washed ashore overfishing poison beach wind global warming warmth swim infestation tourist tentacles study pain sting plankton press jelly sting sea nuisance foul plankton pain beautiful tentacles itch dangerous fear spring avoid food Tourism industry (non divers)

9 4/ Jellycauses, jellyimpacts and jellysolutions survey media life cycle characteristics natural ballast water transport shipping/ ballastwater pollution pollution/ rareness of turtles overfishing/ lack of overfishing global ocean acidification global change local governments fisheries & aquaculture tourist sector tourists & recreants inhabitants cool water intake/power plant impact on tourism/closed beach impact on fisheries, fish stocks & aquaculture reduce pollution fenced swim zones fish and consume jellyfish remedy overfishing introduce predator stop overfishing fences ballast water treatment removal/consumption

10 What do we do? GET OUT!!!!! Merho tourists will not be affected because they simply will go elsewhere NOT confirmed by survey results 27% would go elsewhere if jellyfish would be abundant (> 10 visible) half of these 27% would reconsider if informed that the jellyfish are harmless information on the risk of stings is the most important factor

11 jellypress jellyperception species species specific in about 50% of articles general, except for results of divers perception on jellyfication increase only 10% of respondents perceive increase key words top 10 washed ashore, overfishing, poison, beach, wind, global warming, warmth, swim, infestation, tourist sting, foul, slime, nuisance, danger, sea, tentacles, pain, transparent, fear most important causes Natural causes + global change & overfishing global change & overfishing most important threats fisheries & tourism fisheries & tourism best solutions jellyfish removal and consumption stop overfishing and pollution, jellyfish fishing

12 Jellypress vs. Jellyperception: conclusions Perception on jellyfish is driven by 1/ personal experience < key words < increase 2/ media < causes, threats, solutions < general apprehension towards jellyfish: drama Species issue is a key factor! Beach tourists do not know differences and the image ofjellyfish is negative Although given by the media, species specific information is not assimilated by the readers/public

13 Implications for ICZM: coping with jellies Variation in perception include all parties concerned Request for information Provide information on species and on jellyfication Opportunity for high quality citizen science (Boero, 2013) & Increased jellyfish acceptance (Baumann & Schernewski, 2012) Basis for ICZM plan & mitigation strategies

14 Questions?