Corrosion Guide The Watlow Corrosion Guide represents a compilation of available data and application experience on the relative compatibility of common heater sheath materials and corrodants. This can be valuable in the initial selection of a heater sheath material to be used with a listed corrodant. Final selection, however, should be made based upon the specific exposure conditions, recommendations of the corrosive agent s manufacturer and preliminary testing. Rating System Good B Fair C Conditional Performance is dependent upon specific application conditions such as solution concentration and temperature. X Unsuitable Should not be used. Notes to Corrosion Guide 1. This solution involves a mixture of various chemical compounds whose identity and proportions are unknown or subject to change without our knowledge. Check supplier to confirm choice of sheath material plus alternate sheath materials that may be used. 2. Caution Flammable material. 3. Chemical composition varies widely. Check supplier for specific recommendations. 4. Direct immersion heaters not practical. Use clamp-on heaters on outside surface of cast iron pot. 5. Element surface loading should not exceed 3 W/cm2 (20 W/in2). 6. For concentrations greater than 15 percent, element surface loading should not exceed 3 W/cm2 (20 W/in2). 7. See suggested watt density chart. 8. Remove crusts at liquid level. 9. Clean often. 10. Do not exceed 2 W/cm2 (12 W/in2). 11. Passivate stainless steel, Inconel and Incoloy. Note: Blank spaces indicate an absence of data to establish a rating. cetaldehyde 69-33 365 B X B B B cetic cid 244 109 800 X X C X X B C C Crude X C /B B X B B /B Pure X B B B Vapors X C B X B B X 150 PSI, 400 F C B X B B erated X X X C X X X X X No ir X X C B X B C cetone 134 0 1000 C X B B /B ctane 70 ctane 80 ctane Salt lboloy Process lcoa R5 Bright Dip llyl lcohol 207 70 713 B B lcohol B B B B 316 B C Note 2 B C C /B C C C C X C C /B Hastelloy C-276 cceptable C C B B X B B X Note 2 TM: Enthone, Inc. cid additive for pickling of metals. TM: This is a proprietary process licensed to individuals by lcoa. /B /B Note 2 Hastelloy is a registered trademark of Haynes International. is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company.
lcorite TM: Fredrick Gumm Chemical Co. conversion coating. lkaline Solutions lkaline Cleaners X lkaline Soaking Cleaners lodine TM: mchem Products Inc. Protective coating chemical for aluminum. 200 F 347 (Molten) 3732 Contact Factory cetate X X B B B B /B B Bright Dip Chloride 356 X X X X X X X X X X X X X Hastelloy C-276 cceptable Cleaners C C X X X B B X X Notes 1, 9 Potassium Sulfate (lum) X X X /B B B B X B/C B B /B Sulfate X X X X X B X X B B B X X B lum See Potassium Sulfate mmonia X X C X C X X X X X C B mmonia(nhydrous)(gas) -28 1204 B X X X Hastelloy C-276 cceptable Cold C B Hot C C X C C mmonia and Oil mmonium cetate B B /B X X /B /B /B B B mmonium Bifluoride X X X X X X X X X B X X X X mmonium Chloride 640 X X B X X X B B X C C C C Hastelloy C-276 cceptable mmonium Hydroxide B B B C X B X /B X mmonium Nitrate B/X X C B X X X X X X X mmonium Persulfate X X B/X X C X X B/X B B X B X mmonium Sulfate X X B X X B B B C B B B B B myl cetate 298 77 714 B /B Hastelloy C-276 cceptable myl lcohol 280 91 572 B B C /B B 304 /B /B /B niline 364 158 1418 B B X B B B B B B niline, Oil X X 316
niline, Dyes nodizing X X X X X X X nodizing Solutions (10% Solution) Chromic cid 96 F C Sulfuric cid 70 F 626 Sodium Hydroxide160 F 2534 Nigrosine150 F Black Dye B Nickel cetate 200 F C B rp 28 rp 80 Blackening Salt rsenic cid X X X X X X X C sphalt <878 400 905 X X X X /B /B + Barium Chloride 2840 X B Barium Hydroxide B B X X X B B Barium Sulfate B B B B B B B B B Barium Sulfide (Barium Monosulfide) B X X /X /B Barium Sulfite B Black Nickel Black Oxide Bleaching Solution (1 1 2 lb. Oxalic cid per gallon H 2 O at 212 F F Bonderizing (Zinc C B Phosphate) Boric cid X X X C C C C C Brass Cyanide Bright cid See Bright cid Bright Cyanide See Cyanide Bright Nickel Brine (Salt Water) Bronze Plating Butanol (Butyl lcohol) 243 84 689 /B B /B Cadmium Black Cadmium Fluoborate Cadmium Plating Calcium Chlorate B B B C C B B B 316 X X X X TM: Specialty Chemicals, llied-kelite Products Div., The Richardson Co. B B X X X B B B /B B B X B Carpenter 20 cceptable B B B B B B B Note 5 Note 5 TM: Parker Div., OMI Corp., Paint Base C C C C Hastelloy C276 cceptable Notes 1, 5 B /B B B B B B
Calcium Chloride > B B C B X B B B 2912 Carbolic cid (Phenol) 362 175 1319 B B B B X B B B C Carbon Dioxide Dry Gas X X B /B Carbon Dioxide Wet Gas X X C X B /B Carbon Tetrachloride X X C X C C Carbonic cid 359 175 1319 C C C C X C C /B Castor Oil 595 445 840 /B /B Caustic Etch X X Caustic Soda (Lye) (Sodium Hydroxide) X X X X X C C X 2% B B B X B X X 10 30%, 210 F B B X B X 76%, 180 F X X X X X X B B Chlorine Gas: Dry -30 X X B X X X B C C/X Wet -30 X X X X X X X X X Chloroacetic cid (Monochloroacetic cid) 372 None X X X X X B B X Chromic cetate Chromic cid X C X X X B X X X Chromium Plating X X X X B X X X Chromylite Citric cid X X C C C X B B C Clear Chromate Cobalt cetate at 130 F B B Cobalt Nickel Cobalt Plating Coconut Oil 420 Crude B 548 Refined Cod Liver Oil 412 cid Bright Bright cid Chloride X X C/X X C X X X Cyanide X X C X B Fluoborate B B B Nitrate X X X X X X X /B Plating Pyrophosphate Strike Sulfate X X B X C/X X X B 316 B B B B Hastelloy C276 cceptable X B B B Hastelloy C276 cceptable /B X X X Hastelloy C-276 cceptable /B /B X X X B B Hastelloy C-276 cceptable B B /B X X X X C C C B C X Notes 6, 8 B B B B C B C B B/X B B B Note 2 X X X X X X /X Note 2 X C C Hastelloy C-276 cceptable X X X X X X X X X X C B B B Hastelloy C276 cceptable B B Notes 1, 6 X X X X B B B X X B B B B B /B /B X X X B /B C X B Hastelloy C276 cceptable
Creosote 392 165 637 B B C B X B B B -482 Cresylic cid (Cresol) 376 110 C C C C X B B B -397 Deionized Water X X X X Deoxidine Deoxylyte Deoxidizer (Etching) Deoxidizer (3L-13) Dichromic Seal X X Diethylene Glycol 474 255 444 B B B B B Diphenyl 300 F 350 F 491 235 1004 Disodium Phosphate Diversey DS9333 Diversey 99 Diversey 511 Diversey 514 Dowtherm Dur-Nu Electro Cleaner Electro Polishing Electroless Nickel Electroless Tin (cid) (lkaline) Enthone cid 80 Ether 94-49 356 B B B B B B B B Ethyl Chloride (No Water) 54-58 966 B B B B B B Ethylene Glycol 387 232 775 B B X B B B Fatty cids X X C/X X B B C/B Ferric Chloride 606 X X X X X X X X X Ferric Nitrate X X X X X X B Ferric Sulfate X X X X X /B X C B Fluoborate Fluoborate (High Speed) Fluorine Gas, Dry -305 C X C/X X X C Formaldehyde 27 122 806 X X B B B X B B 185 Formic cid 213 156 1114 X X X B X C C X Freon Fuel Oil Normal /B B B /B 316 B B B B Note 2 C B B B Note 2 1 TM: mchem Products, Inc. Metal cleaner, rust remover TM: mchem Products, Inc. Non-Chrome B B B B B TM: Diversey Chemical Co. Notes 1, 5 TM: Dow Chemical Co. Heat transfer agent, 5 TM: The Duriron Co., Inc. B B B Note 2 Carpenter 20 cceptable B B B Note 2 B B B B Note 5 Hastelloy C-276 cceptable B B Carpenter 20 ccep., Hastleloy C-276 ccep. X X X X C B X X X Carpenter 20 cceptable B B C C X /C /C C B C X X B B C B C X Carpenter 20 ccep., Hastelloy C-276 ccep. /B B B B Notes 2, 3, 7
Fuel Oil cid X X X X C C C Gasoline Refined 280± -45 495 /B /B B B Gasoline Sour C C C C X X B Glycerine (Glycerol) 554 320 739 B C B B B Gold cid Gold Cyanide Grey Nickel Holdene 310 Tempering Bath Hot Seal Sodium Dichromate Houghtone Mar Tempering Salt C C Hydrocarbons liphatic Hydrocarbons romatic Hydrochloric cid (No ir) -120 <150 F X X X X X X X X X >150 F X X X X X X X X Hydrocyanic cid (No ir) 78 0 100 X X B X X B B B Hydrofluoric cid 67 Cold<65% X X X X X X C X X >65% B X X X X X C X X Hot <65% X X X X C X X >65% X X X X C X X Hydrogen Peroxide X X X X X C B B Indium 3632 Iridite #4-75, # 4-73, #14, #14-2, #14-9, #18-P Iridite #1, #2, #3, #4-C, #4PC & S, #4P-4, #4-80, #4L-1, #4-2, #4-2, #4-2P, #5P-1, #7-P, #8, #8-P, #8-2, #12-P, #15, #17P, #18P Iridite Dyes #12L-2, #40, #80 Irilac 316 B C C Notes 2, 3, 7 Carpenter 20 cceptable B B B Notes 2, 5 B X X B Notes 2, 3, 5 Carpenter 20 cceptable Hastelloy C-276 cceptable Notes 1, 5 Note 2 Note 2 X X X X X X X X X X B B B B X C/X X X X C X Note 5 X C X X X B X X X X X X C X B B B B C X TM: llied-kelite Products Div,. Chromate treatment for ferrous and non-ferrous metals. TM: llied-kelite Products Div., Protective coating, clear finish for all metals.
Iron Fluoborate Iron Phosphate (Parkerizing) C B Isoprep Deoxidizer #187, #188 Isoprep cid Cleaner #186 Isoprep #191 cid Salts Isopropanol (Isopropyl lcohol) 180 53 750 C B Jetal Kerosene 347 100 444 617 165 Kolene Lacquer Solvent B B B B cetate X X X X X /B cid Salts Lime Saturated Water B B X B X B B B Linseed Oil 649 432 650 X B B X B B Raw 403 Boiled Magnesium Chloride 2574 X C B X B X B B Magnesium Hydroxide B B Magnesium Nitrate B B B B C B B B Magnesium Sulfate B B B B B B MacDermid M629 Mercuric Chloride 579 X X X X X X X X X Mercury 674 X X X B B B Methyl lcohol (Methanol) 149 52 867 B B C B B B Methyl Bromide 38 None 998 C C X B B B B Methyl Chloride -11 <32 1170 C C X C C C C Methylene Chloride 104 1224 X C C C B C B C Mineral Oil 500 /B Muriato Naptha 300 100 900 B B 421 950 Napthalene 424 176 979 B B B B Nickel cetate Seal 316 /B B B B Note 2 B B Note 2 /B /B B B B B X B B B B X Note 2 TM: llied-kelite Products Div., Cleaners and surface preparation materials. TM: Technic Inc. Blackening Salt TM: Metal Processing Co., Kolene process metal cleaning B /B B Carpenter 20 ccep. Hastelloy C-276 ccep. Hastelloy C-276 cceptable B B B X B B B /B B /B TM: MacDermid, Inc., cid Salt Contains Fluoride B/X X X X B X B X B Hastelloy C-276 cceptable /B /B B Note 2 Hastelloy C-276 cceptable B B C C C C B Carpenter 20 cceptable B C B C Carpenter 20 cceptable /B B B B B
Nickel Chloride 1808 X X X X X C C X X Nickel Plate Bright Nickel Plate Dull Nickel Plate Watts Solution Nickel Sulfate X X X X B B C B B Nickel Strike (Cyanide Free) Nitric cid 187 X X X X X X X X C Nitric Hydrochloric cid X X X X X X X X Nitric 6% Phosphoric cid Nitric Sodium Chromate Nitrobenzene 412 190 900 B X Oakite #67 Oakite #20, 23, 24, 30, 51, 90 Oleic cid 680 372 685 C C C C C X B B C Oxalic cid X X X B B X C B X Paint Stripper (High lkaline Type) Paint Stripper (Solvent Type) Paraffin B Parkerizing (See Iron Phosphate) Perchloroethylene 250 None B B C B B B Perm--Chlor Petroleum Crude < 500 F B B C C C > 500 F X X X X >1000 F X X X X X X 347 Phenol (See Carbolic cid) Phosphate Phosphate Cleaner Phosphatizing Phosphoric cid Crude C X X C X X C Pure <45% X X X C C C B C C >45% Cold X X X X B C B C >45% Hot X X X X C X C X X 316 C C C B B C Notes 1, 5 Notes 1, 5 Notes 1, 5 Notes 1, 5 B B C B C X C B X X B X X X X X X X C X Note 2 TM: Oakite Products Inc., Compounds for cleaning surface heating. B B B B Carpenter 20 cceptable X B X B X B Cupro Nickel cceptable Notes 1, 2 B Notes 2, 7 B B B B Notes 2, 3, 7 X Notes 1, 5, 9 X Notes 1, 5, 9 X Notes 1, 5, 9 TM: Parker Div., OMI Corp., Corrosion Res. Coating TM: Detrex Chemical Industries Inc., Degreasing solvent and cleaning compound. C B X C B B X X B B X C Tantalum cceptable
Photo Fixing Bath C Picric cid >572 302 572 X X X X X X X B Explodes Potassium cid Sulfate Potassium Bichromate C B B B B B B (Potassium Dichromate) 347 Potassium Chloride C X B X C C B B C Potassium Cyanide C X B X X X C B B Potassium Hydrochloric Potassium Hydroxide 2408 X X X C X B C Potassium Nitriate (Salt Peter) B B B B B B B B Potassium Sulfate C C C B B Prestone 350 F R5 Bright Dip for Polish at 180 F Reynolds Brightener Rhodium Hydroxide Rochelle Salt Cyanide Ruthenium Plating Sea Water X X X X C Silver Bromide X X X X C C X Silver Cyanide C C X X B Silver Lume Silver Nitrate 831 X X X X X X X C Soap Solutions X C /B Sodium Liquid Metal C X X X X B Sodium Bisulfate X X X C B C C B X Sodium Bromide 2534 B C X B B B B C Sodium Carbonate C C X X B B B Sodium Chlorate X X B B B Sodium Chloride 2575 C X B X B B B X Sodium Citrate X X X X X C B Sodium Cyanide 2725 B C X X X C C Sodium Dichromate (Sodium Bichromate) B B B C X B Sodium Disulfate X X C C C C X Sodium Hydroxide (See Caustic Soda) Sodium Hypochlorite X X X X X X X X X Sodium Nitrate B B C C C B B Sodium Peroxide B B C X X B B B 316 B B C C B B B C B C Carpenter 20 cceptable B B B B X B C C C C B X B X B B B B X B B C TM: Union Carbide Corp., nti-freeze/coolant C B B C X C C B C C C Hastelloy C276 cceptable /B /B B Note 3 X X X B C B Carpenter 20 cceptable B B B B B C B B B B C B B B X Cupro-Nickel cceptable X C B C C Cupro-Nickel cceptable B B B C B C B B C X X B C C X B X X /X C/ Hastelloy C276 cceptable C B B B C
W T L O W Sodium Phosphate C C B X B B C B Sodium Salicylate B C B B B B B Sodium Silicate B X B X Sodium Stannate C C C B B B Sodium Sulfate B C C/B B B B B C/X Sodium Sulfide C X C C X B B X Solder Bath X X X X X X X X X Soybean Oil 540 833 B /B Stannostar Steam <500 F /B /B /B C /B 500 1000 F C C C X C C >1000 F X X X X X Stearic cid 721 385 743 C C C C X X B B C Sugar Solution Sulfamate Nickel Sulfur 832 405 450 C X C X X B C C Sulfur Chloride 280 245 453 X X C X X B X C C Sulfur Dioxide 14 C C C C B X X C Sulfuric cid 626 <10% Cold X X C B B C X Hot X X X C X X X X X 10 75% Cold X X B B C C X Hot X X X B C X X 75 95% Cold B B B X B B X X B Hot X X X X X C X X X Fuming C X C X X X X X B Sulfurous cid X X C X X X X Tannic cid 390 980 C C C/X C X C C C Tar /B /B B /B Tartaric cid 410 802 X B C X C B C C Tetrachlorethylene (See Perchloroethylene) Thermoil Granodine B Therminol FR1 Non Flowing Tin (Molten) B B X X X X X B Tin-Nickel Plating Tin Plating cid Tin Plating lkaline 316 B B B B B B B C Note 4 B B B B /B B B B C B C C C C C C C X X X X X X X X Note 4 B B TM: The Udylite Co., OMI Corp., Bright acid tin plating process. B B B /B B B B Hastelloy C-276 cceptable Note 7 B B X X C C B X B X B B C C X C B C X X X X X B X B X B B X X X C X X X C B B X C X X X X C C C C C C C B C B B B B B B B B B B X X X X Note 4 TM: mchem Products, Inc. Chemical to produce anti-galling coatings. TM: Monsanto Co., Heat transfer fluid.
Toluene 231 40 947 C Triad Solvent Trichloroethane C C B B B B B Trichloroethylene 165 None B C C B C X C C B Triethylene Glycol 556 350 700 Trioxide (Pickle) Trisodium Phosphate X C X C C C Turco 2623 Turco 4008, 4181, 4338 Turco Ultrasonic Solution Turpentine Oil 309 95 488 C C C B -338 Ubac Udylite #66 Unichrome CR-110 Unichrome 5RHS Vegetable Oil 610 C C B X X Vinegar C C B Water (Fresh) X C C Water (Deionized) (See Deionized Water) Water (Sea) (See Sea Water) Watt s Nickel Strike Whiskey and Wines X C Wood s Nickel Strike Yellow Dichromate X-Ray Solution Zinc (Molten) 1664 X X X X X X Zinc Chloride 1350 C C C X X B B B X Zinc Phosphate Zinc Plating cid Zinc Plating Cyanide Zinc Sulfate C X C B B C C Zincate C 316 Hastelloy C-276 cceptable B B B B B B B Hastelloy C-276 cceptable C C C X B X TM: Turco Products, Div., Purex Corp., Ltd. B B TM: The Udylite Co., OMI Corp., High leveling acid copper bath. Notes 1, 5 TM: M & T Chemicals Inc., Plating Process, supplies and equipment. B /B B B C X X X X X X X B X B C B X Notes 1, 5 C C B C TM: shland Chemical, lkaline salt for immersion zinc plating aluminum.