Nederlandse norm Dit document mag slechts op een stand-alone PC worden geinstalleerd. Gebruik op een netwerk is alleen. toestaan als een aanvullende licentieovereenkomst voor netwerkgebruik met NEN is afgesloten. This document may only be used on a stand-alone PC. Use in a network is only permitted when a supplementary license agreement for us in a network with NEN has been concluded. NTA 8494 (en) Qualification measurements for grid-connected (PV)-inverters ICS 91.140.50 oktober 2004
NTA 8494 Nederlands Elektrotechnisch Comité (NEC) Normcommissie 361 082 "Zonne-energiesystemen (NEC 82)" Apart from exceptions provided by the law, nothing from this publication may be duplicated and/or published by means of photocopy, microfilm, storage in computer files or otherwise, which also applies to full or partial processing, without the written consent of the Netherlands Standardization Institute. The Netherlands Standardization Institute shall, with the exclusion of any other beneficiary, collect payments owed by third parties for duplication and/or act in and out of law, where this authority is not transferred or falls by right to the Reproduction Rights Foundation. Auteursrecht voorbehouden. Behoudens uitzondering door de wet gesteld mag zonder schriftelijke toestemming van het Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut niets uit deze uitgave worden verveelvoudigd en/of openbaar gemaakt door middel van fotokopie, microfilm, opslag in computerbestanden of anderszins, hetgeen ook van toepassing is op gehele of gedeeltelijke bewerking. Het Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut is met uitsluiting van ieder ander gerechtigd de door derden verschuldigde vergoedingen voor verveelvoudiging te innen en/of daartoe in en buiten rechte op te treden, voor zover deze bevoegdheid niet is overgedragen c.q. rechtens toekomt aan de Stichting Reprorecht. Although the utmost care has been taken with this publication, errors and omissions cannot be entirely excluded. The Netherlands Standardization Institute and/or the members of the committees therefore accept no liability, not even for direct or indirect damage, occurring due to or in relation with the application of publications issued by the Netherlands Standardization Institute. Hoewel bij deze uitgave de uiterste zorg is nagestreefd, kunnen fouten en onvolledigheden niet geheel worden uitgesloten. Het Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut en/of de leden van de commissies aanvaarden derhalve geen enkele aansprakelijkheid, ook niet voor directe of indirecte schade, ontstaan door of verband houdend met toepassing van door het Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut gepubliceerde uitgaven. 2004 Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Postbus 5059, 2600 GB Delft Telefoon (015) 2 690 390, Fax (015) 2 690 190
NTA 8494 Nederlands voorwoord Voor de in deze norm vermelde normatieve verwijzingen bestaan in Nederland de volgende equivalenten: vermelde norm Nederlandse norm titel IEC 60364-7-712:2002 IEC 60449:1973 NEN 10449:1980 Indeling van spanningen in laagspanningsinstallaties (en,fr) IEC 60449:1973/A1:1979 IEC 60529:1989 NEN 10529:1992 Beschermingsgraden van omhulsels van elektrisch materieel (IP-codering) (en,fr) IEC 60529:1989/A1:1999 NEN-EN-IEC 60529:1992/A1:2000 Beschermingsgraden van omhulsels (IP-codering) (en,fr) IEC 60529:1989/C1:2003 IEC 60904-3:1989 NEN 10904-3:1994 Foto-elektrische elementen Deel 3: Meetprincipes voor aardse foto-elektrische zonnecellen met gegevens over de spectrale stralingsverdeling (en,fr) IEC 60950-1:2002 IEC 60950-1:2002/C1:2004 IEC 60721-2-1:1982 NEN 10721-2-1:1988 Indeling van omgevingsomstandigheden van elektrotechnische produkten Deel 2: Omgevingsomstandigheden voorkomende in de natuur Temperatuur en vochtigheid (en,fr) IEC 60721-2- 1:1982/A1:1987 IEC 61277:1995 NEN-EN-IEC 61277:1998 Foto-voltaïsche (PV) energie-opwekkende systemen voor vrije straling (door de lucht) Algemeen en leidraad (en,fr) IEC 61683:1999 NEN-EN-IEC 61683:2000 Foto-voltaïsche systemen Vermogenomzetters/- stabilisatoren Procedure voor het meten van het rendement (en) IEC 61727:1995 NEN 11727:1995 Foto-elektrische systemen Kenmerken van het gebruiksinterface (en,fr) IEC 62093 IEC 62124 IEC 61000-3-2:2000 NEN-EN-IEC 61000-3- 2:2001 Deel 3-2: Limietwaarden Limietwaarden voor de emissie van harmonische stromen (ingangsstroom van de toestellen kleiner dan of gelijk aan 16 A per fase) (en,fr) IEC 61000-3- 2:2000/A1:2001 IEC 61000-3-3:1995 IEC 61000-3- 3:1995/A1:2001 IEC 61000-4-2:1995 NEN 11000-4-2:1995 Deel 4: Beproevingen en meettechnieken Sectie 2: Elektrostatische ontlading Immuniteitsproef Algemene EMC-publicatie (en,fr) IEC 61000-4- 2:1995/A1:1998 NEN-EN-IEC 61000-4- 2:1995/A1:1998 Deel 4-2: Beproevingen en meettechnieken Elektrostatische ontlading Immuniteitsproef IEC 61000-4- 2:1995/A2:2000 NEN-EN-IEC 61000-4- 2:1995/A2:2001 Algemene EMC-publicatie (en,fr) Deel 4-2: Beproevingen en meettechnieken Elektrostatische ontlading Immuniteitsproef (en,fr)
NTA 8494 IEC 61000-4-3:2002 NEN-EN-IEC 61000-4- 3:2002 IEC 61000-4- 3:2002/A1:2002 NEN-EN-IEC 61000-4- 3:2002/A1:2002 Deel 4-3: Beproevingen en meettechnieken Uitgestraalde, radiofrequente, elektromagnetische velden Immuniteitsproef (en,fr) Deel 4-3: Beproevingen en meettechnieken Uitgestraalde, radiofrequente, elektromagnetische velden Immuniteitsproef (en,fr) IEC 61000-4-4:2004 IEC 61000-4-5:1995 NEN 11000-4-5:1995 Deel 4: Beproevingen en meettechnieken Sectie 5: Stootspanningen Immuniteitsproef (en,fr) IEC 61000-4- 5:1995/A1:2001 IEC 61000-4-6:2003 IEC 61000-4-6:2003 IEC 61000-4-11:2004 NEN-EN-IEC 61000-4- 11:2004 Deel 4-11: Beproevingen en meettechnieken Immuniteitsproeven voor kortstondige spanningsdalingen en onderbrekingen en spanningsvariaties (en,fr) IEC 61000-6-1:1997 NEN-EN-IEC 61000-6- 1:2001 Deel 6-1: Algemene normen Immuniteit voor huishoudelijke, handels- en lichtindustriële omgevingen (en,fr) IEC 61000-6-3:1996 NEN-EN-IEC 61000-6- 3:2001 Algemene normen Emissienorm voor huishoudelijke, handels- en lichtindustriële omgevingen (en,fr)
NTA 8494:2004 (E) Contents Foreword...2 1 Scope...3 2 Normative references...3 3 Definitions...4 4 Specific functioning test procedure - inverters...6 4.1 Performance tests...7 4.1.1 Power conversion efficiency (static)...7 4.1.2 European efficiency...8 4.1.3 Power factor...8 4.1.4 Static MPPT efficiency...8 4.1.5 Dynamic MPPT response...9 4.1.6 Stand-by loss at night...10 4.2 Utility interface tests...10 4.2.1 Over/under voltage protection...10 4.2.2 Over/under frequency protection...11 4.2.3 Electric shock...11 4.2.4 Islanding...12 4.2.5 Start-up delay...12 4.2.6 Response to utility recovery...12 4.2.7 Direct-current injection...13 4.3 EMC...13 4.4 Harmonics...14 5 Field measurements (outdoors)...14 Annex A (normative) Test set-up...16 Annex B (normative) Definition PV simulator...17 Annex C (normative) Definition grid simulator...18 Annex D (normative) Calculation of input voltages...19 Annex E (normative) Best practice...20 Annex F (normative) Reporting...21 1
NTA 8494:2004 (E) Foreword NTA 8494 gives requirements for the design qualification of inverters for grid connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. It shall be seen as a supplement to the committee draft for vote 82/330/CDV of IEC 62093 and specifies those requirements for grid-connected inverters, which are not yet discussed in the CDV. Also this document can be used as stand-alone document for electrical testing of grid-connected inverters. This document specifies the electrical testing like performance, utility interfaces, EMC and field-tests. After several years of experience at the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands ECN with the Dutch Guidelines a totally revised version was published. This new Dutch Guidelines, Edition 2, report ECN-C-04-032, is now converted into an NTA. NTA 8494 was written by the ECN, under the auspices of a NEC 82 working-group and an expert in the field. Working-group Ing. P.M. Rooij ECN, author Ing. P.J.M. Heskes ECN, co-ordinator, member NEC 82 Ing. W. Hermelink NKF Kabel BV, member NEC 82 Ir. H. Oldenkamp OKE-Services Ir. J.M.M. Welschen Philips Lighting BV, member NEC 82 Dr. ing. R.J.C. van Zolingen Shell Solar Energy, chairman NEC 82 Ir. A. van Zwam Mastervolt BV, member NEC 82 Expert in the field Ing. C.W.A. Baltus EAB NOTE Meeting the requirements as defined in this document is not sufficient to guarantee that an inverter will continue to operate properly in the long run. 2
NTA 8494:2004 (E) Qualification measurements for grid-connected (PV)-inverters 1 Scope This document gives requirements for the design qualification of inverters for grid connected photovoltaic (PV) systems with a power up to and including 5 kva for a single phase connection feeding into the utility low-voltage grid, suitable for long-term operation indoor, conditioned or unconditioned; or outdoor in general open-air climates as defined in IEC 60721-2-1, protected or unprotected. In combination with the committee draft for vote (CDV) 82/330/CDV of IEC 62093 this document gives a procedure for design qualification of grid connected PV-inverters and comprises performance, utility interface protection, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and field tests. This document shall be seen as a supplement to the committee draft for vote (CDV) and specifies those requirements for grid-connected inverters, which are not yet discussed there. This document can be used as an integral part of the IEC 62093 for qualifying grid-connected inverters in all their aspects. IEC 62093 specifies qualification procedures, visual inspection, insulation testing and environmental testing. While this document specifies the electrical testing like performance, utility interfaces, EMC and field-tests. Also this document can be used as stand-alone document for electrical testing. Chapter 4 gives relevant tests to characterise the electrical parameters of the inverter and chapter 5 describes a field test. 2 Normative references This standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions form other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of the publications apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). IEC 60364-7-712:2002 IEC 60449:1973 A1:1979 IEC 60529:1989 A1:1999 C1:2003 IEC 60904-3:1989 IEC 60950-1:2001 C1:2002 IEC 60721-2-1:1982 A1: 1987 IEC 61277:1995 IEC 61683:1999 Electrical installations of buildings Part 7-712: Requirements for special installations or locations Solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems Voltage bands for electrical installations of buildings Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) Photovoltaic devices Part 3: Measurement principles for terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) solar devices with reference spectral irradiance data Information technology equipment Safety Part 1: General requirements Classification of environmental conditions Part 2: Environmental conditions appearing in nature Temperature and humidity Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) power generating systems General and guide Photovoltaic systems Power conditioners Procedure for measuring efficiency 3
NTA 8494:2004 (E) IEC 61727:1995 new version under consideration IEC 62093 under consideration Photovoltaic (PV) systems Characteristics of the utility interface (Committee Draft for Vote 82/308/CDV) Balance-of-system components for photovoltaic systems Design Qualification natural environments (Committee Draft for Vote 82/330/CDV) IEC 62124 under consideration IEC 61000-3-2:2000 A1:2001 Photovoltaic (PV) stand-alone systems design verification (Final Draft International Standard 82/355/FDIS) Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 3-2: Limits Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current up to and including 16 A per phase) IEC 61000-3-3:1994 A1:2001 IEC 61000-4-2:1995 A1:1998 A2:2000 IEC 61000-4-3:2002 A1:2002 IEC 61000-4-4:2004 IEC 61000-4-5:1995 A1:2000 IEC 61000-4-6:2003 IEC 61000-4-11:2004 IEC 61000-6-1:1997 IEC 61000-6-3:1996 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 3-3: Limitation of changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply systems, for equipment with rated current 16 A per phase and not subject to conditional connection Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-2: Testing and measurement techniques Electrostatic discharge immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-4: Testing and measuring techniques Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test Basic EMC publication Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques Surge immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-6: Testing and measurement techniques Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-11: Testing and measurement techniques Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6, Section 1: Generic standards Immunity for residential, commercial and lightindustrial environments Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6, Section 3: Generic standards Emission standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments 3 Definitions For the purpose of this document the following definitions apply. 3.1 array mechanically integrated assembly of modules or panels together with support structure, but exclusive of foundation, tracking, thermal control and other such components, to form a d.c. power-producing unit [Annex B.1 of IEC 61277] 4
NTA 8494:2004 (E) 3.2 current-voltage characteristic (I = f(v)) output current of a photovoltaic (PV) generator as a function of output voltage, at a particular temperature and irradiance [Annex A.3 of IEC 60904-3] 3.3 fill factor (FF) ratio of maximum power to the product of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current: FF = P max /(V oc I sc ) [Annex A.3 of IEC 60904-3] 3.4 inverter device which changes d.c. input into an a.c. output [Annex B.5 of IEC 61277] 3.5 inverter efficiency ratio of the useful (a.c.) electrical output power of the inverter to the (d.c.) power input expressed in percentage [Annex B.6 of IEC 61277] 3.6 irradiance (G) radiant power incident upon unit area of surface (Wm 2 ) [IEC 60904-3] 3.7 maximum power (P max ) power at the point on the current-voltage characteristic where the product of current and voltage is a maximum (W) [IEC 60904-3] 3.8 module smallest complete environmentally protected assembly of interconnected solar cells [IEC 60904-3; Annex B of IEC 61277] 3.9 open-circuit voltage (V oc ) voltage across an unloaded (open) photovoltaic (PV) generator at a particular temperature and irradiance (V) [IEC 60904-3] 3.10 panel group of modules fastened together, pre-assembled and wired, designed to serve as an installable unit in an array and/or subarray [Annex B.10 of IEC 61277] 5
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