Heritagetalen in Nederland

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Andreas Peeters
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1 Heritagetalen in Nederland

2 Heritagetalen in Nederland Turks Marokkaans-Arabisch Berber Sranantongo Sarnami Hindi Surinaams-javaans Cantonees Wenzhounees Mandarijn Hakka Papiamentu Chileens-Spaans Moluccan Malay

3 Onderzoeksvragen Welke verschillen bestaan er tussen sprekers in het thuisland en sprekers in het thuisland op het gebied van argumentrealisatie en het TMA-systeem? Wat is de rol van talige kenmerken van het Nederlands en van de thuistaal op deze verandering en welke sociolinguistische factoren spelen een rol in de verandering?

4 Heritage language sprekers versus ééntaligen en vroege en late L2-verwerving Eentaligen Vroeg tw eetaligen Laat tw eetaligen Heritage (=L1h) Meerd erheid staal (=L1e) Heritage (=L1) Meerderheidstaal (=L2) Vroege verw erving Taalcontact Verwerving in slinkend domein Gebruik in slinkend domein

5 Nederlands-Cantonees versus Cantonees-Cantonees Cantonese Cantonese: jan-jan dou zici holaan Mens-mens alles steunen Nederland Iedereen steunt Nederland Nederlands-Cantonees Mui (go) jan dou zici holaan Elk MW mens alles steunen Nederland Verschillen: kwantificatie via reduplicatie of d.m.v perifrase (perifrase kan wel in Mandarijn niet in Cantonees-Cantonees Droppen van MW: onmogelijk bij monolingualen en ook niet in taalverlies

6 Cantonees-Cantonees versus Nederlands-Cantonees Cantonese Cantonese: Ngo bei-zo loeng fan laimat (bei) keoi Ik geef-asp two MW present (give) 3sg "I gave him/her two presents. Note: one speaker says second bei is obligatory, for other speaker not a serious option child language Dutch Cantonese: Ngo bei keoi loeng (go) laimat I give 3sg two MW present Differences: word order between IO DO (in monolingual acquisition also) Overgeneralization of go/dropping of go (overgeneralization in monolingual acquisition also, dropping not in monolinguals)

7 Elicitation

8 The Chinese languages as a case study Time dimension 1911 years ago the first Chinese arrived in the Netherlands (to replace sailormen after strike, the sailormen come via Liverpool and London) 1930 s thousands of Chinese left the Netherlands : only 400 Chinese left : chain migration for restaurants (Canton, Malaysia) After 1977: immigrants from Mainland China

9 Chinese languages as a case study: Geography People come from different regions and countries (Singapore, Vietnam, Mainland China, Hong Kong, Suriname, Indonesia) people speak different languages, they are mutually unintelligible. People are spread all over the Netherlands, every small village has its own Chinese restaurant.

10 Regional background Language background Literacy Motives Marriage patterns Dimensions of variation Regional background Language background (Cantonese, Wenzhounese, Hakka, Mandarin) Literacy Motives Marriage patterns Time depth Exposure to heritage language (quantity, quality and onset of acquisition) Social network (including network young children, day-care, guest families, nannies, grandparents) (social) media: video, dvd, websites, chat, Contacts with home county: telephone, skype, vacation, no contact Influx of newcomers Language as part of identity (core value)

11 Pan-Asian identity: Dutch Chinese youngsters: connecting Dutch-Chinese and Dutch-Asians

12 Chinese European community tch?v=tosfhtmmidm&feat ure=player_embeddedhttp:/ / =TMiss China Europe

13 Chinese part of a complex identity Layered identity (shanghai jazz from the twenties, thirties and fourties, singing in English, Dutch, Mandarin, Cantonese and French, Chinese violin and lute for Chinese touch)

14 gy wiseden my iuw ghud und dat arghe wolde gi mi nicht apenbaren complex layers within group: different time spans, different networks, different regional backgrounds (from Suriname to Hong Kong), marriage patterns, heritage language schooling, sense of identity, different languages (Wenzhounese, Yue, Mandarin) Many possible explanations for change: Same changes different speed: incomplete acquisition due to less frequent input, attrition, leveling Double object constructions in Chinese: delay in acquisition, attrition, influence from Dutch, influence from other variants of Chinese Elicitation: how to elicit the past tense, questions, topics and quantifiers, how do we measure changes in the relative frequency?

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