Immunizations in immunocompromised hosts:

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1 Immunizations in immunocompromised hosts: effects of immune modulating drugs and HIV on the humoral immune response Luc Ben Stefan Gelinck

2 Copyright L.B.S. Gelinck, Leidschendam, The Netherlands. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, by print, photocopy, scan, electronically or any other means without the permission of the author. ISBN Cover: The discarded vaccine syringes for intradermal and intramuscular injection used during the conduction of the RICH trial (neon adaptation of photograph). Photo & design: Luc Gelinck. Printed by: Optima Grafische Communicatie, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The research presented in this thesis was performed at the Department of Infectious diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. The influenzavaccines (used in the studies described in chapter -) were kindly provided by Solvay Pharma BV. The research described in Chapter was in part financially supported by a grant from the Dutch AIDS foundation. Financial support for the printing of this thesis was provided by (in alphabetical order): Abbott; Boehringer Ingelheim BV; Bristol Myers Squibb; Gilead; GlaxoSmithKline (Viiv); Janssen-Cilag BV; Merck Sharp and Dome; PfizerBV and Roche Nederland BV.

3 Immunizations in immunocompromised hosts: effects of immune modulating drugs and HIV on the humoral immune response Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. P.F. van der Heijden, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op woensdag 1 maart klokke 1.1 uur door Luc Ben Stefan Gelinck geboren te Nijmegen in 0

4 PROMOTIE COMMISSIE Promotor: Prof. dr. J.T. van Dissel Co-promotor: Dr. F.P. Kroon Overige leden: Prof. dr. T.H.M. Ottenhoff Prof. dr. C.G.M. Kallenberg (Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen) Prof. F. van Gompel (Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Antwerpen, België)

5 Quid nobis certius ipsis sensibus esse potest, qui vera ac falsa notemus? Lucretius (- v. Chr.) De Rerum Natura (liber primus) -00 What better than the senses can enable us to distinguish the false from the true? Wat geeft meer zekerheid dan de zintuigen, om onderscheid te maken tussen waar en onwaar? Titus Lucretius Carus, over de natuur der dingen, eerste boek Deze zinsnede van Lucretius werd ook door Edward Jenner in 1 als opdracht opgenomen in zijn werk over variolisatie, de eerste wetenschappelijke publicatie over vaccinatie (referentie van de General introduction van dit proefschrift).

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7 Contents General introduction Chapter 1 Synergistic immunosuppressive effect of anti-tnf combined with methotrexate on antibody responses to the valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine Vaccine. 0;(-):-. Chapter The effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment on the antibody response to influenza vaccination Ann Rheum Dis. 0;():1-. Appendix to chapter 1 and Immuneresponse in immunocompromised hosts (RICH)-1 study additional data Unpublished supplemental data. Chapter Poor serological responses upon influenza vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with rituximab Ann Rheum Dis. 0;:-. Chapter Intradermal influenza vaccination in immunocompromised patients is immunogenic and feasible Vaccine. 0;(1):-. Appendix to chapter and RICH- study additional data Unpublished supplemental data. Chapter The induction of cross-reactive antibodies after influenza vaccination is not impaired in HIV-infected individuals Submitted. 1

8 Contents Chapter Restoration of T-cell mediated immune response upon rabies vaccination in HIV-infected patients treated with HAART AIDS. 0;(1):1-. Chapter Vaccination of HIV-infected adults HIV therapy. 0;():-. Summary and general discussion 1 Nederlandse samenvatting (Summary in Dutch) 1 Curriculum Vitae 1 Publications 1