INSTITUTIONAL MAPPING OF THE BELGIAN INNOVATION SYSTEM. Preliminary Note September 1997

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1 INSTITUTIONAL MAPPING OF THE BELGIAN INNOVATION SYSTEM Preliminary Note September

2 1. FORWARD Belgium is a Federal State composed of several authorities which have specific competencies with regard to the S&T policy. The three categories of institutional actors are the Federal authority, the Communities and the Regions. The management of the Belgian S&T Policy is jointly assumed by these several partners in accordance with their competence areas. The three Belgian Communities which are based on language differences, are: the Flemish Community, the French Community and the German-speaking Community. These correspond to population groups. The founding of the three regions, the Flemish Region, the Brussels Capital Region and the Walloon Region, is historically inspired by economic concerns, in that the Regions wanted to be autonomous with regard to their development policy. To some extent Belgian regions are now similar to the American States or the German "Länder". 2. THE BELGIAN INSTITUTIONAL PROFILE 2.1. OVERVIEW The Belgian Innovation System is composed: - 40 Higher Education Institutions, public or non-profit-making associations, and enterprises. These organizations are known as performing R&D or connected S&T activities. 2

3 2.2. FEDERAL, REGIONAL AND COMMUNAUTARY AUTHORITIES Table 1: Number of HEI s, RTO s, Bridging Institutions, enterprises engaged in R&D activities Belgium Bxl-Capitale Flanders Wallonia HEI s UNIVERSITIES AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CENTERS OTHER HEI s RTO's FEDERAL CENTRAL SERVICES Central Services Scientific Institutions Other Public Institutions FLEMISH REGION / DUTCH COMMUNITY Central Services Scientific Institutions Other Public Institutions WALLOON REGION / FRENCH COMMUNITY CENTRAL SERVICES Central Services Scientific Institutions Other Public Institutions BRUXELLES-CAPITALE REGION CENTRAL SERVICES Central Services Other Public Institutions SUBORDINATED INSTITUTIONS SEMI-PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS NON-PROFIT MAKING PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS SECTORAL CENTERS OF COLLECTIVE RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ESTABLISHED IN BELGIUM BRIDGING INSTITUTIONS a University/HEI's Interfaces Science Parks # of firms housed 79 Number of firms carrying out R&D activitiesb Agriculture Mining High tech industries Drugs Office machines Electronic equipment and components Instruments Aerospace Medium-high tech industries Chemicals (excl. drugs) Non electrical machines Electrical machines Motor vehicles Medium-low tech industries Refineries Rubber and plastic products Stone, clay & glass Other transport Shipbuilding Other manufacturing Low-tech industries Food and beverage Tobacco Textile Clothing Leather and shoes Wood and wood product Paper Printing Iron & Steel and non ferrous metals Metal products Total manufacturing industry Utilities Construction Wholesale and retail trade Hotels and restaurants Transportation and storage Financial intermediates Other services to firms Computing services Research and development Other: Individual and social services Total services

4 a) to be completed b) About 400 firms are missing Others, non-classified

5 FIGURE 1. BELGIAN INSTITUTIONAL PROFILE GOVERNMENT Regions & Communities Federal Ministries Brussels Flanders Wallonia ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATIONS ADVISORY COMMITTEES Industry International Organisations FINANCING ORGANISATIONS Research dep. of enterpr. PRIVATE RESEARCH Universities (19) Autonomous University Other HEI s (52) B.I.C. University interfaces Technological id Spin-off HEI s Science Parks/ incubators-e.i.c. Central Services (24) Scientific Institutions (46) Bruxelles-Technopole Public Research Institutions Subordinated Institutions (13) (20) Sectoral Centers of Collective Research (43) Non-Profit Private Institutions (13) Semi-Public Research Institutions (8) International Organizations established in Belgium (5) BRIDGING INSTITUTIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RTO s 5

6 FIGURE 2. BELGIAN INSTITUTIONAL PROFILE: Federal Authorities GOVERNMENT Industry International Organisations Federal Ministries IISN/IIKW SSTC/DWTC SSTC/DWTC OPRI/??? AQS/??? FRSM/FGWO FRFC/FCFO ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATIONS FINANCING ORGANISATIONS Research dep. of enterpr. PRIVATE RESEARCH Universities (19) HEI s Autonomous University Other HEI s (52) Central Services (16) Public Research Institutions (6) Scientific Institutions (38) Sectoral Centers of Collective Research (43) Semi-Public Research Institutions (8) Non-Profit Private Institutions (13) BRIDGING INSTITUTIONS International Organizations established in Belgium (5) RTO s 6

7 Industry FIGURE 3. BELGIAN INSTITUTIONAL PROFILE Region of Bruxelles-Capitale Ministeries of the Region of Bruxelles- Capitale International Organisations GOVERNMENT CFPS/FRWB SRI/DOI ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATIONS ADVISORY COMMITTEES SRI/DOI FINANCING ORGANISATIONS Research dep. of enterpr. Universities PRIVATE RESEARCH HEI s Central Services (1) Public Research Institutions (1) Subordinated Institutions (13) Bruxelles-Technopole Sectoral Centers of Collective Research (43) Semi-Public Research Institutions (8) Non-Profit Private Institutions (13) International Organizations established in Belgium (5) BRIDGING INSTITUTIONS RTO s 7

8 FIGURE 4. BELGIAN INSTITUTIONAL PROFILE Flemish Region GOVERNMENT Industry International Organisations Ministeries of the Flemish Region VRWB VLIR KAWLSKA KAG AWI IWT ADVISORY COMMITTEES ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATIONS IWT FWO FINANCING ORGANISATIONS Research dep. of enterpr. Universities Central Services (4) Scientific Institutions (5) PRIVATE RESEARCH HEI s Public Research Institutions (6) Subordinated Institutions (13) BRIDGING INSTITUTIONS Sectoral Centers of Collective Research (43) Semi-Public Research Institutions (8) Non-Profit Private Institutions (13) International Organizations established in Belgium (5) RTO s 8

9 FIGURE 5. BELGIAN INSTITUTIONAL PROFILE Wallon Region and French Community GOVERNMENT French Community Walloon Region Industry International Organisations CIUF CWPS DGTRE ADVISORY COMMITTEES ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATIONS ARC FRFC FNRS DGTRE IISN FRSM Other FINANCING ORGANISATIONS Research dep. of enterpr. Universities Central Services (3) Scientific Institutions (3) PRIVATE RESEARCH HEI s Public Research Institutions (7) Subordinated Institutions (13) Science Parks/ incubators-e.i.c. Spin-off University interfaces B.I.C. BRIDGING INSTITUTIONS Technological id Sectoral Centers of Collective Research (43) Semi-Public Research Institutions (8) Non-Profit Private Institutions (13) International Organizations established in Belgium (5) RTO s 9

10 3. DESCRIPTION * In what follows, only institutions with high links to R&D activities are explicitly described * Number of institutions in square brakets 3.1. Administrative Organizations Federal Authorities SSTC/DWTC (Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs) The Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs (OSTC) is a federal administration forming part of the Prime Minister's Services and placed under the authority of the Minister responsible for Science Policy. Some of the various missions of the OSTC: - exploiting, on assignment by the Government, scientific and technical means to support the competence of the federal authority, developing the capacity of general expertise for the service of the Government in scientific and technical fields; - implementing, on assignment by the Government, information programs, actions, networks and systems at Belgian level or in an international context, to promote the scientific and technical research potential in the Kingdom; - managing Belgian participation in the programs and activities of the European Space Agency and other intergovernmental organizations having competence in the field of scientific research and public service; - coordinating and supervising, within the limits of the "separate management" system, the financial and budgetary aspects of personnel management and operating procedures in the federal scientific institutes placed under the authority of the Minister of Science Policy (1) and the centers associated with them; - ensuring the secretariat of the interministrial Committee for Federal Scientific Policy, the Federal Council for Scientific Policy and the "Federal Cooperation" and "International Cooperation" committees created within the interministerial Conference for Scientific Policy. OPRI (Intellectual Property Rights Office) AQS (Administration for Quality and Security) Region of Bruxelles-Capitale SRI/DOI (Service de la Recherche et de l Innovation / Dienst voor Onderzoek en Innovatie) Flemish Region AWI (Administration for Science and Innovation, Administratie Wetenschap en Innovatie) AWI is the central administration for the Flemish Science Policy, created in It comes under the Department for Science, Innovation and Media of the Flemish Community. Its main task consists in the preparation, the implementation, the coordination and the support of the Flemish minister for Science and Technology s policy. Furthermore it supports the Flemish Government s policy in Federal and International deliberative bodies. AWI coordinates and promotes actions for scientific information and follows the evolution of science and technology. It is entirely financed by the Flemish Community. IWT (Flemish Institute for the Promotion of Research in Industry, Vlaams Instituut voor de bevordering van het Wetenschappelijk-Technologisch onderzoek in de industrie) 10

11 The IWT is the institution, created in 1992, that is responsible for the implementation of the Flemish Minister for Science and Technology s policy towards the industry, especially with regard to the promotion of scientific research in agriculture and the industry. Its main task is to finance R&D (basic and applied) in companies and research institutions on its own initiative ( autonomous function ) or as part of specific programs on initiative of Flemish authorities ( advisory function ). Some programs are tailored to SMEs. The IWT also provides services with regard to the diffusion and transfer of technology, the participation and the valorization of R&D results. IWT is entirely financed by the Flemish Community. Walloon Region DGTRE (Intellectual Property Rights Office) The main mission of DGTRE is to promote technological innovation in enterprises, particularly, SME, but also in various institutions (applied R&D at universities, Research Centers). other activities: - granting of subsidies to research, development and demonstration, - insertion of technological and scientific potential of Wallonia into European effort, - management of subsides accounting, - monitoring of contracts performance, - subsides agreement and decree - impact s measure of actions implemented. Several supporting measures are put at the disposal of Walloon actors carrying out research activities. These measures can vary according to the actor (enterprise, SME, university, research center or industrial higher institute) and its geographic localization. There are about twenty measures which can be break down in four R&D supporting categories and which are structured around two financing modes: subsides and refundable loans: 1. accompanying measures to R&D, 2. financing of R&D, 3. measures for exploiting the results of R&D activities, 4. Information to enterprises Advisory Committees Region of Bruxelles-Capitale CFPS/FRWB Flemish Region VRWB (Flemish Council for Science Policy, Vlaamse Raad voor Wetenschapsbeleid) VRWB is the main Flemish advisory body. It operates since 1995 and its 16 members are nominated by the Flemish Interuniversity Council (VLIR), the Social Economic Council of Flanders (SERV) and the minister for Science and Technology. They are appointed by the Flemish Government. The Council formulates recommendations, requested or on its own initiative, with regard to all matters of the Flemish Science and Technology policy. KAWLSK (The Royal Academy for Sciences, Literature and Fine Arts, de Koninklijke Academie voor wetenschapsbeleid, Letteren en Schone Kunsten) This Academy was created in 1938 for the stimulation of Sciences, Literature and Fine Arts in the at the time unitary Belgium. At present the Academy is under tutelage of the Flemish Minister for Education and it advises the Flemish Government in all matters related to sciences, literature and fine arts. Through publications, colloquia and readings the Academy aims at the cooperation between scientists in different disciplines on the Federal and international level. KAG (The Royal academy for Medicine, de Koninklijke Academie voor Geneeskunde) 11

12 The Royal Academy for Medicine was also created in 1938 and at present is under tutelage of the Flemish Minister for Health Service. It advises Federal and regional authorities with regard to matters of medical sciences, education and medicine in general. The academy organizes public meetings and publishes scientific work. 12

13 Walloon Region CWPS (Conseil Wallon de la Politique Scientifique) CIUF (Conseil Inter-Universitaire Francophone) 3.3. Financing Organizations Federal Authorities FRFC/FCFO (Fonds de la Recherche fondamentale collective - inititaibe ministérielle / Fonds voor Collectief Fundamental Onderzoek-initiatief minister) Region of Bruxelles-Capitale Flemish Region FWO (Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen) The F.W.O. was founded in 1928 as an Institution of Public Interest for the support of scientific research, at the initiative of King Albert I. In 1992 the Fund receives a federal structure and since then, the Flemish Board of Trustees had fully autonomous powers of decision. The F.W.O. encourages and finances fundamental scientific research in universities of the Flemish Community and in institutions for scientific research. The fundamental research is carried out by first-rate and highly specialized researchers, and is at the root of new knowledge, knowhow and our cultured society. The capital of people trained in this way and the accumulated knowledge and cultural level derived from it is the only real raw material which is plentiful in our country. It is the foundation and seed-bed of targeted, applied, policy supporting and strategic research, of industrial and social renewal, of prosperity and well-being. The activities of the F.W.O. aim to expand the frontiers of knowledge in all fields of science including humanities. The F.W.O. endeavors to achieve its purpose by : * training researchers : young university graduates can prepare a doctoral thesis with the Research Assistantship or the Special Doctoral Grant; Ph.D.'s can reach an internationally recognized level as Postdoctoral Fellows. They can also obtain a mobility allowance. * supporting individual researchers : a salary is granted to scientists at the international level as Research Associates or Research Directors; operating and equipment credits for personal research for young and/or established researchers. * supporting prominent research teams : operating, equipment and personnel credits are made available to teams of researchers for carrying out high-level scientific projects. * promoting (national and international) scientific contacts and cooperation : establishing Scientific Research Networks for coordination, national and international cooperation concerning scientific research at postdoctoral level. visiting postdoctoral fellowships to sustain F.W.O. research projects and scientific research networks. sabbatical leaves. grants for study and training periods abroad; grants for active participation in international congresses abroad; grants for organizing international congresses in Belgium; * awarding scientific prizes. The FWO is managed by representatives of the Flemish universities, the Flemish and national authorities and the Flemish socio-economic world. The FWO is funded by the Flemish Community, the federal Government and patronage. Walloon Region FNRS (Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique) The Fund supports researchers personally by awarding temporary grants remuneration, either while they prepare their theses in the case of degree candidates or throughout the subsequent period in the case of research team leaders. It also provides permanent remuneration for qualified researchers, scientific research workers and research managers. These researchers are closely associated with the educational and scientific work of universities. In addition to these individual mandates, the F.N.R.S. grants research credits as well as allowances intended to cover the costs of stays in foreign countries and attendance at overseas conferences. It also provides financial assistance for the organization of seminars or symposiums and promotes the formation and activities of contact groups between researchers from universities in the French Community of Belgium on the one hand and their foreign counterparts on the other. Finally, the Fonds National awards Prizes for achievement in the field of research. Three associated Funds (I.I.S.S.N., F.R.S.M., F.R.F.C) support research programs undertaken by teams, assuming responsibility for personnel costs and making available to order them equipment, sometimes of a very expensive 13

14 nature; the fourth associated Fund (F.R.I.A.) awards grants to university graduates aiming to make a career in industrial or agricultural research. The resources available to the F.N.R.S. and its associated Funds consist of subsidies granted to them by the French Community and by the federal state. Public bodies exercise a close control over the use of the financial means provided by them. The F.N.R.S. also appeals for private aid which it distributes within the scientific community according to the same criteria of excellence Higher Education Institutions Universities In Belgium, science has traditionally been connected with education. Since 1874, basic research takes place in universities. Today, along with private European research activities, various Belgian university research institutes are poles of excellence in the field of scientific research. Among main poles of excellence of international repute, we can cite the Inter-University Microelectronics Center in Leuven that was set up in 1984 where hundreds of people work on chip technology. The Center for Human Heredity at the Catholic University of Louvain has acquired an international reputation for its research into the area of gene technology. Liege University's Space Research department is an influential laboratory which works in close collaboration with the European Space Agency. At the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Pathology at Louvain University, researchers are trying to find a way to link fundamental biological research and medical research. The Department for Molecular Biology at Brussels University (ULB) specializes in the field of genetic manipulation. Belgium has 19 universities among which 6 institutions cover the full range of academic fields. All the universities are engaged in research. Except for the Royal Military School, the universities are now directly financed by Community authorities. The universities are distributed all over the country. Yet, 8 university institutions are located in the Bruxelles-Capitale Region and its hinterland (Flemish and Wallon Brabant). About 29% of the R&D is realized in universities. Presently, universities are facing drastic restrictions of the public support. The limited public resources allocated to research have induced Belgian universities to increase their participation to research programs financed by external contracts. A main consequence of the weakness of the public support is an increased instablity of research team and an inreased rotation of academic research personnel (due to financing of short-term). ECOLE ROYALE MILITAIRE / KONINKLIJKE MILITAIRE SCHOOL (ERM / KMS) FACULTE DES SCIENCES AGRONOMIQUES A GEMBLOUX (FSAGX) FACULTE POLYTECHNIQUE DE MONS (FPMS) FACULTE UNIVERSITAIRE CATHOLIQUE A MONS (FUCAM) FACULTE UNIVERSITAIRE DE THEOLOGIE PROTESTANTE / UNIVERSITAIRE FACULTEIT VOOR PROTESTANTSE GODGELEERDHEID (FTP / FPG) FACULTES UNIVERSITAIRES NOTRE-DAME DE LA PAIX A NAMUR (FUNDP) FACULTES UNIVERSITAIRES ST.-LOUIS A BRUXELLES (FUSL) KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL (KUB) KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN (KUL) LIMBURGS UNIVERSITAIR CENTRUM (LUC) UNIVERSITAIR CENTRUM TE ANTWERPEN (UCA) UNIVERSITAIRE FACULTEITEN ST.-IGNATIUS TE ANTWERPEN (UFSIA) UNIVERSITAIRE INSTELLING ANTWERPEN (UIA) UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN (UCL) UNIVERSITE DE LIEGE (ULG) UNIVERSITE DE MONS - HAINAUT (UMH) UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE BRUXELLES (ULB) UNIVERSITEIT GENT (UG) VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL (VUB) 14

15 Autonomous university research centers ALITECH VZW ASSOCIATION POUR LA RECHERCHE AVANCEE EN MICROELECTRONIQUE ET INTEGRATION DE SYSTEMES (ARAMIS) BABBAGE INSTITUTE FOR KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BORN-BUNGE STICHTING V.Z.W. CENTRE D'ETUDES WALLON DE L'ASSEMBLAGE ET DU CONTROLE DES MATERIAUX (CEWAC) CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DE RECHERCHES ET D'INFORMATION SUR L'ECONOMIE PUBLIQUE, SOCIALE ET COOPERATIVE (CIRIEC) CENTRE INTERUNIVERSITAIRE POUR LES ETUDES DE LA CONSOMMATION PRIVEE CENTRE UNIVERSITAIRE DE CHARLEROI CENTRUM VOOR ANDRAGOGISCH ONDERZOEK CENTRUM VOOR ONTWIKKELINGSPSYCHOLOGIE DR. L. WILLEMS INSTITUUT VZW FONDATION UNIVERSITAIRE LUXEMBOURGEOISE (FUL) FRUITTEELTCENTRUM HOGER INSTITUUT VOOR DE ARBEID INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DE CHIMIE-PHYSIQUE - SOLVAY INSTITUT NATIONAL INTERUNIVERSITAIRE DES SILICATES ET DES MATERIAUX (INISMA) INSTITUT UNIVERSITAIRE POUR L'ETUDE DU JUDAISME - MARTIN BUBER / UNIVERSITAIR INSTITUUT VOOR DE STUDIE VAN HET JODENDOM - MARTIN BUBER INSTITUUT VOOR BIOTECHNOLOGIE VZW INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY-AIBS (ICP) INTERUNIVERSITAIR CENTRUM VOOR MICRO-ELECTRONICA (IMEC) ONTWIKKELINGS- EN ORIENTATIECENTRUM POLITOLOGISCH INSTITUUT / INSTITUT DE SCIENCE POLITIQUE PRINS LEOPOLD INSTITUUT VOOR TROPISCHE GENEESKUNDE TE ANTWERPEN (ITG) IMEC (Interuniversity microelectronics centre, Interuniversitair Micro-electronica Instituut) IMEC is a laboratory for advanced research in microelectronics, operational since It was created as part of the 1982 program of the Flemish government to strengthen the microelectronics industry in Flanders. It performs scientific research which runs ahead of industrial needs, with a view to practical applications. Today it employs over 600 people and is involved in a large number of national and international R&D projects in the fields of Information Technology and Telecommunication in general and microelectronics in particular. There are 4 divisions: VLSI system Design methodology, Advanced Semiconductor Processing, Materials and Packaging and the division for Industrial Formation. Its main academic links are with the University of Leuven (KUL) and the University of Ghent (UG). It has personal and collaborative links with Alcatel, Philips and Siemens and a large number of other Belgian and foreign companies and research institutions. Some 13 spin-off companies proceeded from IMEC. It receives a dotation from the Flemish government and has own receipts from contract research. VIB (Flanders Interuniversity Institute For Biotechnology, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie) VIB was created in 1995 to coordinate scientific research in the field of Biotechnoloy. The institute joins 9 renowned biotechnology departments from the 5 Flemish Universities. Its board of directors is composed with representatives from the industry, universities and the Flemish minister of science and technology. Its main task is the stimulation of strategic fundamental research carried out in the 9 departments or within the framework of specific projects. Furthermore VIB is responsible for the valorization and promotion of research efforts, the stimulation of the Flemish biotechnology industry and technology assessment. VIB is financed by the Flemish government non-university HEI s (55) 3.5. Research and Technological Organizations Central Services (16) FEDERAL R.B.I.N.S. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences The Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences preserves and studies the natural historical collections belonging to the State. In the various areas of its competence, the Institute organizes missions of exploration and sample collecting, of investigation and classification, of public service at a national and international level. 15

16 The Museum of the Institute aims particularly at a widest possible spreading among the public at large, of the knowledge in the field of natural sciences. BISA (Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy) The Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy is one of the federal research institutions controlled by the Belgian Government. It is entrusted to acquire, to interpret and to store data about the composition and the evolution of the atmosphere of the earth and other planets. As a research institute the institute is also responsible for the development of experimental methods used in space aeronomy, for the construction of space borne experiments and for research in connection with mathematical models. Measuring techniques and relevant instrumentation are developed in the Institute. FLEMISH REGION / DUTCH COMMUNITY (4) WALLOON REGION / FRENCH COMMUNITY (3) BRUXELLES-CAPITALE REGION (1) Scientific Institutions (38) FEDERAL FLEMISH REGION / DUTCH COMMUNITY (5) WALLOON REGION / FRENCH COMMUNITY (3) ISSeP (Institut Scientifique de Service Publique) ISSeP is at the same time an establishment performing research and development, a center of industrial projects, an expertise-, testing, and analysis laboratory. ISSeP is active in three main areas: - mineral ressources and energetic minerals; - environment and getting rid of pollution; - technical and industrial security. ISSeP is financed by the DGTRE Other Public institutions (6) FEDERAL CENTER D'ETUDES NUCLEAIRES - MOL / STUDIECENTRUM VOOR KERNENERGIE - MOL (CEN / SCK) INSTITUT NATIONAL DES RADIO-ELEMENTS (IRE) FLEMISH REGION / DUTCH COMMUNITY (6) STICHTING TECHNOLOGIE VLAANDEREN (STV) VLAAMSE INSTELLING VOOR TECHNOLOGISCH ONDERZOEK (VITO) VLAAMSE RAAD VOOR WETENSCHAPSBELEID VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek) VITO was created in 1991 by the Flemish government and employs over 400 people. It is a multidisciplinary research center, active in the fields of environment, non-nuclear energy, new materials and raw materials. It performs own research and formulates policy advice in the fields mentioned above. VITO stimulates the valorization of research results, the diffusion and transfer of technological knowledge with the intent to reinforce the innovative competitiveness and the fulfillment of the industrial needs of Flemish companies. As with the 2 other Flemish research institutions the management agreement ( ) stipulates the strategy and the results expected of VITO whereas the Flemish government guarantees further financing. WALLOON REGION / FRENCH COMMUNITY (7) 16

17 BRUXELLES-CAPITALE REGION (1) SUBORDINATED INSTITUTIONS (13) SEMI-PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS (8) NON-PROFIT PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS (13) EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR RESEARCH AND TREATMENT OF CANCER (EORTC) / EUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR RESEARCH AND TREATMENT OF CANCER (EORTC) Sectoral Centers of Collective Research (42) ASSOCIATION ROYALE DES GAZIERS BELGES / KONINKLIJKE VERENIGING VAN BELGISCHE GASVAKLIEDEN (ARGB / KVBG) BEDRIJFSVOORLICHTINGSDIENST VOOR DE TUINBOUW IN DE PROVINCIE ANTWERPEN BELGISCH CENTRUM VOOR TECHNOLOGISCH ONDERZOEK VAN LEIDINGEN EN TOEBEHOREN (BECETEL) CENTRE BELGE D'ETUDE DE LA CORROSION / BELGISCH STUDIECENTRUM VOOR CORROSIE (CEBELCOR / CEBELCOR) CENTRE BELGE D'ETUDE ET DE DOCUMENTATION DE L'EAU (CEBEDEAU) CENTRE D'ESSAIS "PROFRUIT" CENTRE D'ESSAIS HORTICOLES DU HAINAUT CENTRE DE RECHERCHE DE L'INSTITUT BELGE DE LA SOUDURE / ONDERZOEKCENTRUM VAN HET BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR LASTECHNIEK (IBS / BIL) CENTRE DE RECHERCHE ET DE CONTROLE LAINIER ET CHIMIQUE (CELAC) CENTRE DE RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L'INDUSTRIE DES FABRICATIONS METALLIQUES / WETENSCHAPPELIJK EN TECHNISCH CENTRUM VAN DE METAALVERWERKENDE NIJVERHEID (CRIF/ WTCM) CENTRE DE RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L'INDUSTRIE DIAMANTAIRE / WETENSCHAPPELIJK EN TECHNISCH ONDERZOEKSCENTRUM VOOR DIAMANT (CRSTID / WTOCD) CENTRE DE RECHERCHES DE L'INDUSTRIE BELGE DE LA CERAMIQUE / CENTRUM VOOR WETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK DER BELGISCHE KERAMISCHE NIJVERHEID (CRIBC/CWOBKN) CENTRE DE RECHERCHES METALLURGIQUES / CENTRUM VOOR RESEARCH IN DE METALLURGIE (CRM / CRM) CENTRE DE RECHERCHES ROUTIERES / OPZOEKINGSCENTRUM VOOR DE WEGENBOUW (CRR / OCW) CENTRE DE RECHERCHES, D'ESSAIS ET DE CONTROLES SCIENTIFIQUES ET TECHNIQUES POUR L'INDUSTRIE TEXTILE (CRECIT) CENTRE DE SELECTION BOVINE CENTRE NATIONAL DE RECHERCHES SCIENTIFIQUES ET TECHNIQUES POUR L'INDUSTRIE CIMENTIERE / NATIONAAL CENTRUM VOOR WETENSCHAPPELIJK EN TECHNISCH ONDERZOEK DER CEMENTNIJVERHEID (CRIC/OCCN) CENTRE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L'INDUSTRIE TEXTILE BELGE / WETENSCHAPPELIJK EN TECHNISCH CENTRUM VAN DE BELGISCHE TEXTIELNIJVERHEID (CENTEXBEL) CENTRE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE LA CONSTRUCTION / WETENSCHAPPELIJK EN TECHNISCH CENTRUM VOOR HET BOUWBEDRIJF (CSTC / WTCB) CENTRE TECHNIQUE DE L'INDUSTRIE DU BOIS / TECHNISCH CENTRUM DER HOUTNIJVERHEID (CTIB / TCHN) CENTRE TECHNIQUE ET SCIENTIFIQUE DE LA BRASSERIE, DE LA MALTERIE ET DES INDUSTRIES CONNEXES / TECHNISCH EN WETENSCHAPPELIJK CENTRUM VOOR DE BROUWERIJ, DE MOUTERIJ EN AANVERWANTE NIJVERHEDEN (CBM) COMITE VOOR ONDERZOEK OP DE BEWARING VAN TUINBOUWPRODUKTEN VAN HET VERBOND VAN BELGISCHE TUINBOUWVEILINGEN DEMONSTRATIEBEDRIJF - TONGEREN INNOVATIE- EN INCUBATIECENTRUM - KUL (I&I) INNOVATIE- EN INCUBATIECENTRUM - UG (I&I) INSTITUT BELGE DE L'EMBALLAGE / BELGISCH VERPAKKINGSINSTITUUT (IBE / BVI) INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE DES REVETEMENTS, PEINTURES ET ENCRES / RESEARCHINSTITUUT VOOR BEKLEDINGEN, VERVEN EN INKTEN (CORI / CORI) INSTITUT DU TRANSPORT ROUTIER / INSTITUUT VOOR WEGTRANSPORT (ITR / IWT) INSTITUT ROYAL BELGE POUR L'AMELIORATION DE LA BETTERAVE / KONINKLIJK BELGISCH INSTITUUT TOT VERBETERING VAN DE BIET INSTITUT SCIENTIFIQUE DU VERRE / WETENSCHAPPELIJK INSTITUUT VOOR HET GLAS (INV / NIG) LABORATOIRE BELGE DE L'INDUSTRIE ELECTRIQUE / BELGISCH LABORATORIUM VAN DE ELEKTRICITEITSINDUSTRIE (LABORELEC / LABORELEC) NATIONALE PROEFTUIN VOOR GROOTFRUIT OPZOEKINGSSTATION VAN GORSEM CENTRUM VOOR TOEGEPASTE BIOLOGIE (CTB) PROEFBEDRIJF DER NOORDERKEMPEN PROEFBEDRIJF VOOR WITLOOF PROEFCENTRUM VOOR DE SIERTEELT (BOOMKWEKERIJ/SNIJBLOEMTEELT/BLOEMISTERIJ) (PCS) PROEFSTATION VOOR DE GROENTENTEELT PROVINCIAAL ONDERZOEK- EN VOORLICHTINGSCENTRUM VOOR LAND- EN TUINBOUW PROVINCIAAL PROEFCENTRUM VOOR GROENTETEELT - OOST-VLAANDEREN SERVICE DE CONTROLE DES MEDICAMENTS DE L'ASSOCIATION PHARMACEUTIQUE BELGE / DIENST VOOR GENEESMIDDELENONDERZOEK VAN DE ALGEMENE PHARMACEUTISCHE BOND SERVICE PEDOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE / BODEMKUNDIGE DIENST VAN BELGIE VLAAMSE RUNDVEETEELTVERENIGING International Organizations established in Belgium CENTRE COMMUN DE RECHERCHE DE LA CE / CENTRUM VOOR GEMEENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK VAN DE EG COLLEGE D'EUROPE / EUROPACOLLEGE INSTITUT EUROPEEN DE RECHERCHES ET D'ETUDES SUPERIEURES EN MANAGEMENT / EUROPEES INSTITUUT VOOR MANAGEMENTWETENSCHAPPEN INSTITUT LUDWIG DE RECHERCHE POUR LE CANCER / LUDWIG INSTITUUT VOOR ONDERZOEK TEGEN KANKER VON KARMAN INSTITUTE FOR FLUID DYNAMICS / VON KARMAN INSTITUTE FOR FLUID DYNAMICS 17

18 3.6. BRIDGING INSTITUTIONS Bruxelles - Technopole Bruxelles - Technopole In keeping with both the objectives of the European Union and the strategy adopted within the Brussels-Capital Region, Technopole exists by virtue and on behalf of participants in the Brussels economic, social and scientific life. The situation enables it to keep its finger on the pulse of the companies and research centers, so it is directly aware of their needs in all aspects of the new technologies. Members of the association network: Union des Entreprises de Bruxelles (UEB), The Brussels-Capital Region, Chambre de Commerce et d'industrie de Bruxelles (CCIB), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Régionales bruxelloises des organisations syndicales des travailleurs, Vrije Universiteit van Brussel, Ecole Royale Militaire (ERM), Université Catholique de Louvain, Centre pour la Promotion de la Recherche Scientifique (CPRS), Indutec (association des 4 hautes Ecoles d'enseignement Industriel implantées dans la Région), Société de Développement Régional de Bruxelles (SDRB), Société Régionale d'investissement de Bruxelles (SRIB), - Syndicat des Indépendants et des PME (SDI). Activities: Bruxelles Technopole's most important function is to promote access and integration of innovation within companies on the basis of a systematic methodology: Identifying needs, Guiding the company to the technological source, Promoting cooperation between businesses, Directing companies into European programs, Promoting quality, The other functions of Bruxelles Technopole are Encouraging research through synergy and partnerships, safeguarding results, development of international cooperation, Promoting research, Developing Cooperation, Protecting Innovation, Funding Innovation. Bruxelles Technopole is also engaged in European Activities through its Brussels Innovation Relay Centre (B.I.R.C.) and the Midas-Net node Business - University/HEI s Interfaces The Business - University/HEI s Interfaces directly assist companies in solving technical problems, elaborating new products and processes, integrating new technologies and training. They bring the company in direct contact with the laboratory or the unit best placed to provide suitable responses to the industry s needs. The works of the interfaces can take various forms of cooperation between companies and research centres: - ad hoc services - consultancy assignments, - joint research programmes, - licence transfers... By means of publications, seminars, technological desmonstrationjs, etc., the interface cells also provide business with information on prospects offered by most recent technological developments and on the help their respective institutions can offer in implementing these new technologies. The promotion and benefits that can be derived from universities and higher education establishmentys technological potential can lead to partneships with existing companies or to the creation of new industrial activities. Bruxelles-Capitale Four operational interface cells are attached to universities and higher education institutions located within the territory of the Brussels-Capital Region: - Université Libre de Bruxelles, - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, - Université Catholique de Louvain (area of health), - Higher education establishments, in the form of a joint INDUTEC structure. Flemish Region Walloon Region 18

19 University of Liège The Business-University Interface of the University of Liège provides expertise, advice and expensive and sophisticated equipment to support projects of private companies requiring extremely specialized knowledge. An extensive list of the equipment is available on request Science Parks/Incubators Bruxelles-Capitale Four Science Parks are located within the territory of the Brussels-Capital Region: - Da Vinci Park in Evere - Mercator Park in Neder-over-Heembeek - Erasmus - Hof-Ten-Berg Vesalius Park. These Science Parks are administered by the SDRB (Brussels Regional Development Company) attached to three universities which are located in the Region s territory: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Université Catholique de Bruxelles. These parks cover a total of 61 ha and house 79 companies, providing jobs for almost 5000 people. Flemish Region Gent Ypres Leuven Walloon Region Namur Province Scientific Park The Namur Province Scientific Park, created in 1988, is designed to provide a home for companies active in the agro-food produce industry and in environmental sciences, biotechnology and genetic engineering, information technology, new materials and physical and chemical surface analysis, food technology and bio-industry. Appropriate infrastructure is also available for newcomers, including an information centre integrated in the park, the technological centre of the Agricultural Science Faculty of Gembloux, which comprises two pilot-units focusing on agro-food produce and bio-industry, an innovation incubation centre for young businesses starting up, with a second similar structure soon to be completed. The other companies that wish to set up business in the scientific park have the benefit of a full network of aid packages and accompaniment schemes: - in the economic, financial and administrative fields, in particular with the support of the Business and Innovation Centre of the "Bureau Economique de la Province de Namur"; - in the field of science, through the active partnership of the research departments of the "Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux" and the "Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix", the Agricultural Research Centre and the Gembloux Higher Industrial Institute. This synergy has also contributed to attracting famous companies such as Smithkline Beecham Biologicals to set up business in the scientific park. This economic and scientific synergy is also evident at the Technological Centre of the "Facultés Notre-Dame de la Paix": this centre has been active on the university campus since 1990, and at present is home to several companies that share the aim of developing and perfecting technologically innovative products. Louvain la Neuve Sart Tilman science park The Sart Tilman science park, on the university of Liège campus, houses some 40 SMEs in the high technology field that closely cooperate with the university for research in aeronautics, human health, animal health, optics, etc. 4. FINANCING 19

20 Traditionally, the public financing of Science and Technology activities is characterized by a large diversity of budget credits. These credits are directly granted by the authorities or indirectly by intermediary organisms which receive a financial support from several sources and decide autonomously of the distribution of these funds among research organizations or large scale S&T programs. Broadly speaking three main categories of budget credits have to be distinguished: - direct subsides, - refundable loans, and - zero-interest loans The first category mainly concerns fundamental research, i.e. research undertaken by universities, while the last two categories are mainly targeted to applied or experimental research (particularly prototypes) undertaken by private organizations. 20

21 Public budget allocations to R&D and scientific and technological activities: Institutional and functional destination, 1996 INSTITUTIONAL DESTINATION Belgiu m Federal Author. BXL- CapitalReg. Flemish Reg.+Com French Com.+ Walloon Reg. HIGHER EDUCATION Higher Education Institutions Universities' research funds Financial transfers to universities SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS Departemental services Academies Other Research Institutes INIEX-ISSEP IRE -"Institut National des Radio-Eléments" CEN - "Centre d'études de l'énergie nucléaire" "Institut belge de normalisation" "Institut géotechnique de l'etat" "Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch onderzoek" "Interuniversitair Centrum voor Micro-Electronica" Sectorial Collective Research Centers "Vlaamse interuniversitaire instelling voor Biotechnologie" VARIOUS CREDITS TO R&D and S&T activities R&D Credits S&T activities Credits R&D PROGRAMS, PROJECTS, R&D programs and projects (subsides and refundable loans) ARC ("Actions de Recherche concertées") PAI ("Pôles d'attraction interuniversitaire") FRFC ("Fonds de la Recherche fondamentale collectiveinitiative ministérielle") Specialization grants FUNDS FOR UNIVERSITARY FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH FNRS ( Fonds de la Recherche fondamental collective (FRFC) initiative chercheurs Institut interuniversitaire des Sciences nucléaires (IISN) Fonds de la Recherche scientifique médicale (FRSM) Collège interuniv. d'etudes doctorales dans les Sc. du management (CIM) FUNDS FOR INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED RESEARCH Industrial and agricultural research Research in Agriculture Precompetitive industrial research IWT (subsides and refundable loans) Funds for supporting enterprises R&D Prototypes (refundable loans) "Fonds de rénovation industrielle" - 4th mission (refundable loans) "Fonds pour aide aux entreprises" (refundable loans) "Fonds tot bevordering van het industrieel onderzoek in Vlanderen" (subsides and refundable loans) "Fonds voor Preventie en Sanering inzake Milieu en Natuur" INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS AND ORGANIZATIONS Programs and organizations related to Space Other international programs Funds for cooperation and development 60.4 TOTAL Source: Commission Coopération Fédérale, Groupe de concertation CFS/STAT, October 1996 (FEBEDET) Internal gross R&D expenditures (DIRD) by sectors of activity and by financing source ( nominal x BEF) a PERFORMING SECTORS Enterprises Government Higher Education Non-Profit Institutes TOTAL FINANCING SECTORS Enterprises Government Higher Education Non-Profit Institutes 21

22 a) provisory data Abroad TOTAL

23 Distribution of R&D expenditures of private entreprises by sectors of activity PRIVATE RESEARCH Agriculture Food Other manufacturing industries Wood, Paper Rubber and Plastics Chemistry (Drugs non included) Wholesale Building Electronics Extraction raw materials Transport materials Mecanicals Ferrous and non Ferrous metals Drugs Stone, Clay Production and distribution of energy Metallic products Services Textile Transport and communications TOTAL

24 HEI s UNIVERSITIES ECOLE ROYALE MILITAIRE / KONINKLIJKE MILITAIRE SCHOOL (ERM / KMS) FACULTE DES SCIENCES AGRONOMIQUES A GEMBLOUX (FSAGX) FACULTE POLYTECHNIQUE DE MONS (FPMS) FACULTE UNIVERSITAIRE CATHOLIQUE A MONS (FUCAM) FACULTE UNIVERSITAIRE DE THEOLOGIE PROTESTANTE / UNIVERSITAIRE FACULTEIT VOOR PROTESTANTSE GODGELEERDHEID (FTP / FPG) FACULTES UNIVERSITAIRES NOTRE-DAME DE LA PAIX A NAMUR (FUNDP) FACULTES UNIVERSITAIRES ST.-LOUIS A BRUXELLES (FUSL) KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL (KUB) KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN (KUL) LIMBURGS UNIVERSITAIR CENTRUM (LUC) UNIVERSITAIR CENTRUM TE ANTWERPEN (UCA) UNIVERSITAIRE FACULTEITEN ST.-IGNATIUS TE ANTWERPEN (UFSIA) UNIVERSITAIRE INSTELLING ANTWERPEN (UIA) UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN (UCL) UNIVERSITE DE LIEGE (ULG) UNIVERSITE DE MONS - HAINAUT (UMH) UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE BRUXELLES (ULB) UNIVERSITEIT GENT (UG) VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL (VUB) AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CENTERS ALITECH VZW ASSOCIATION POUR LA RECHERCHE AVANCEE EN MICROELECTRONIQUE ET INTEGRATION DE SYSTEMES (ARAMIS) BABBAGE INSTITUTE FOR KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BORN-BUNGE STICHTING V.Z.W. CENTRE D'ETUDES WALLON DE L'ASSEMBLAGE ET DU CONTROLE DES MATERIAUX (CEWAC) CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DE RECHERCHES ET D'INFORMATION SUR L'ECONOMIE PUBLIQUE, SOCIALE ET COOPERATIVE (CIRIEC) CENTRE INTERUNIVERSITAIRE POUR LES ETUDES DE LA CONSOMMATION PRIVEE CENTRE UNIVERSITAIRE DE CHARLEROI CENTRUM VOOR ANDRAGOGISCH ONDERZOEK CENTRUM VOOR ONTWIKKELINGSPSYCHOLOGIE DR. L. WILLEMS INSTITUUT VZW FONDATION UNIVERSITAIRE LUXEMBOURGEOISE (FUL) FRUITTEELTCENTRUM HOGER INSTITUUT VOOR DE ARBEID INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DE CHIMIE-PHYSIQUE - SOLVAY INSTITUT NATIONAL INTERUNIVERSITAIRE DES SILICATES ET DES MATERIAUX (INISMA) INSTITUT UNIVERSITAIRE POUR L'ETUDE DU JUDAISME - MARTIN BUBER / UNIVERSITAIR INSTITUUT VOOR DE STUDIE VAN HET JODENDOM - MARTIN BUBER INSTITUUT VOOR BIOTECHNOLOGIE VZW INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY-AIBS (ICP) INTERUNIVERSITAIR CENTRUM VOOR MICRO-ELECTRONICA (IMEC) ONTWIKKELINGS- EN ORIENTATIECENTRUM POLITOLOGISCH INSTITUUT / INSTITUT DE SCIENCE POLITIQUE PRINS LEOPOLD INSTITUUT VOOR TROPISCHE GENEESKUNDE TE ANTWERPEN (ITG) OTHER HEI s INSTITUTS SUPERIEURS INDUSTRIELS / INDUSTRIELE HOGESCHOLEN (INDUST) CENTRE DE RECHERCHES DE L'INSTITUT GRAMME (CRIG) CENTRE DE RECHERCHES ET D'ETUDES DE L'INSTITUT SUPERIEUR INDUSTRIEL CATHOLIQUE DU HAINAUT (ISICH) ECOLE CENTRALE DES ARTS ET METIERS (ECAM) ECOLE D'INTERPRETES INTERNATIONAUX DE L'UNIVERSITE DE MONS-HAINAUT ECOLE DES HAUTES ETUDES COMMERCIALES - LIEGE ECONOMISCHE HOGESCHOOL ST. ALOYSIUS (EHSAL) ERASMUS HOGESCHOOL HANDELSHOGESCHOOL ANTWERPEN (HHA) HOGER ARCHITECTUURINSTITUUT ANTWERPEN HOGER ARCHITECTUURINSTITUUT SINT-LUCAS HOGERE ZEEVAARTSCHOOL INDUSTRIELE HOGESCHOOL BRUSSEL (IHB) INDUSTRIELE HOGESCHOOL VAN DE GEMEENSCHAP B.M.E. INDUSTRIELE HOGESCHOOL VAN HET GEMEENSCHAPSONDERWIJS - C.T.L. INDUSTRIELE HOGESCHOOL VAN HET GEMEENSCHAPSONDERWIJS - LIMBURG (IHGL) INSTITUT CATHOLIQUE DES HAUTES ETUDES COMMERCIALES (ICHEC) INSTITUT D'ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR LUCIEN COOREMANS INSTITUT LIBRE MARIE HAPS SOUS LE PATRONAGE DE L'UCL (IL) INSTITUT SUPERIEUR D'ARCHITECTURE DE LA COMMUNAUTE FRANCAISE - LA CAMBRE INSTITUT SUPERIEUR D'ARCHITECTURE INTERCOMMUNAL (ISAI) INSTITUT SUPERIEUR D'ARCHITECTURE INTERCOMMUNAL - SITE DE MONS INSTITUT SUPERIEUR D'ARCHITECTURE INTERCOMMUNAL - SITE LIEGE (LAMBERT LOMBARD) INSTITUT SUPERIEUR D'ARCHITECTURE INTERCOMMUNAL SITE DE BRUXELLES -VICTOR HORTA- INSTITUT SUPERIEUR D'ARCHITECTURE SAINT-LUC ( CENTRE D'ETUDE, DE RECHERCHE ET D'ACTION EN ARCHITECTURE ) INSTITUT SUPERIEUR D'ARCHITECTURE SAINT-LUC DE WALLONIE INSTITUT SUPERIEUR D'ARCHITECTURE SAINT-LUC DE WALLONIE INSTITUT SUPERIEUR DE COMMERCE ST. LOUIS INSTITUT SUPERIEUR INDUSTRIEL CATHOLIQUE DU LUXEMBOURG INSTITUT SUPERIEUR INDUSTRIEL D'ARLON - COMMUNAUTE FRANCAISE 24

25 INSTITUT SUPERIEUR INDUSTRIEL DE BRUXELLES (ISIB) INSTITUT SUPERIEUR INDUSTRIEL DE LA COMMUNAUTE FRANCAISE A MONS INSTITUT SUPERIEUR INDUSTRIEL DE LA COMMUNAUTE FRANCAISE DE HUY-GEMBLOUX-VERVIERS INSTITUT SUPERIEUR INDUSTRIEL DE LA PROVINCE DU HAINAUT INSTITUT SUPERIEUR INDUSTRIEL DE LA PROVINCE DU HAINAUT - SECTION AGRICULTURE INSTITUT SUPERIEUR INDUSTRIEL LIEGEOIS INSTITUTS SUPERIEURS D'ARCHITECTURE / HOGERE ARCHITECTUURINSTITUTEN INSTITUTS SUPERIEURS DE TRADUCTEURS ET INTERPRETES (ISTI) INSTITUTS SUPERIEURS ECONOMIQUES / ECONOMISCHE HOGESCHOLEN KATHOLIEKE INDUSTRIELE HOGESCHOOL ANTWERPEN (KIHA) KATHOLIEKE INDUSTRIELE HOGESCHOOL DE NAYER MECHELEN KATHOLIEKE INDUSTRIELE HOGESCHOOL DER KEMPEN KATHOLIEKE INDUSTRIELE HOGESCHOOL GROEP T-LEUVEN KATHOLIEKE INDUSTRIELE HOGESCHOOL LIMBURG KATHOLIEKE INDUSTRIELE HOGESCHOOL OOST-VLAANDEREN (KIHO) KATHOLIEKE INDUSTRIELE HOGESCHOOL WEST-VLAANDEREN (KIHWV) LABORATORIUM VOOR ONDERZOEK VAN VOEDINGSWAREN EN AANVERWANTE PRODUKTEN - K.I.H. DER KEMPEN (LOVAP) PROVINCIAAL HOGER ARCHITECTUURINSTITUUT DIEPENBEEK PROVINCIALE HOGESCHOOL VOOR VERTALERS EN TOLKEN PROVINCIALE INDUSTRIELE HOGESCHOOL STEDELIJKE INDUSTRIELE HOGESCHOOL ANTWERPEN STEDELIJKE INDUSTRIELE HOGESCHOOL MECHELEN (IHAM) VLAAMSE ECONOMISCHE HOGESCHOOL BRUSSEL (VLEKHO) VLAAMSE PROVINCIALE HOGESCHOOL - DEPARTEMENT VERTALERS EN TOLKEN VLERICK SCHOOL VOOR MANAGEMENT (VSM) Research and Technological Organizations FEDERAL CENTRAL SERVICES (16) ADMINISTRATION DE L'INFORMATION ECONOMIQUE - MAE / BESTUUR ECONOMISCHE INFORMATIE - MEZ BUREAU FEDERAL DU PLAN / FEDERAAL PLANBUREAU CENTRE D'EVALUATION ET DE TEST DE MATERIEL - FORCE TERRESTRE / CENTRUM VOOR HET EVALUEREN EN HET TESTEN VAN MATERIEEL - LANDMACHT CENTRE DE MEDECINE AEROSPATIALE - FORCE AERIENNE / CENTRUM VOOR AEROSPATIALE GENEESKUNDE - LUCHTMACHT CENTRE DE MEDECINE HYPERBARE DR J. FLAHAUT - MARINE BELGE / CENTRUM VOOR HYPERBARE GENEESKUNDE DR. J. FLAHAUT - BELGISCHE MARINE DEPARTEMENT D'APPLICATIONS TECHNOLOGIQUES - FORCE TERRESTRE / DEPARTEMENT TECHNOLOGISCHE TOEPASSINGEN - LANDMACHT INSPECTION GENERALE DE LA METROLOGIE - MAE / ALGEMENE INSPECTIE VAN DE METROLOGIE - MEZ INSTITUT AFRICAIN / CENTRE D'ETUDES ET DE DOCUMENTATION AFRICAINES - MRE / AFRIKAANS INSTITUUT / AFRIKAANS STUDIE- EN DOCUMENTATIECENTRUM - MBZ (CEDAF / ASDOC) INSTITUT PASTEUR / PASTEUR INSTITUUT (IPB / IPB) LABORATOIRE CENTRAL D'ANALYSES - MAE / CENTRAAL LABORATORIUM VOOR ANALYSEN - MEZ LABORATOIRE DE BROMATOLOGIE - FORCE TERRESTRE / LABORATORIUM VOOR BROMATOLOGIE - LANDMACHT LABORATOIRE DE DETECTION ET D'IDENTIFICATION - FORCE TERRESTRE / LABORATORIUM VOOR DETECTIE EN IDENTIFICATIE - LANDMACHT LABORATOIRE DE PROTECTION CHIMIQUE - FORCE TERRESTRE / LABORATORIUM VOOR CHEMISCHE BESCHERMING - LANDMACHT LABORATOIRE DE TOXICOLOGIE MEDICALE - FORCE TERRESTRE / LABORATORIUM VOOR MEDISCHE TOXICOLOGIE - LANDMACHT SERVICE GEOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE - MAE / BELGISCHE GEOLOGISCHE DIENST - MEZ SERVICE METEOROLOGIQUE - SECTION ETUDES - FORCE AERIENNE / METEOROLOGISCHE WING - SECTIE STUDIES - LUCHTMACHT FEDERAL SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS (38) ARCHIVES GENERALES DU ROYAUME ET DES ARCHIVES DE L'ETAT DANS LES PROVINCES / ALGEMEEN RIJKSARCHIEF EN HET RIJKSARCHIEF IN DE PROVINCIEN (AGR / ARA) BIBLIOTHEQUE ROYALE DE BELGIQUE / KONINKLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK VAN BELGIE (BR / KB) CENTRE BELGE DE FOUILLES EN AFRIQUE / BELGISCH CENTRUM VOOR OPGRAVINGEN IN AFRIKA CENTRE D'ETUDE ET DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE ET AGROCHIMIQUE, SECTION RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE / CENTRUM VOOR ONDERZOEK IN DIERGENEESKUNDE EN AGROCHEMIE, AFDELING DIERGENEESKUNDE CENTRE D'ETUDES AMERICAINES / CENTRUM VOOR AMERIKAANSE STUDIES CENTRE D'ETUDES DES LANGUES AFRICAINES / BELGISCH CENTRUM VOOR STUDIE VAN DE AFRIKAANSE TALEN CENTRE DE GEOLOGIE, PHOTOGEOLOGIE ET GEOCHRONOLOGIE / CENTRUM VOOR GEOLOGIE, FOTOLOGIE EN GEOCHRONOLOGIE CENTRE DE GEOPHYSIQUE INTERNE ET DE GEODESIE SPATIALE / CENTRUM VOOR INTERNE GEOFYSICA EN RUIMTEGEODESIE CENTRE DE RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE DE GEMBLOUX (CRA) CENTRE DE RECHERCHES ET D'ETUDES HISTORIQUES DE LA IIEME GUERRE MONDIALE / NAVORSINGS- EN STUDIECENTRUM VOOR GESCHIEDENIS VAN DE IIDE WERELDOORLOG CENTRE DE SURVEILLANCE DE L'ATMOSPHERE SUPERIEURE, DE LA PLASMASPHERE, DE LA MAGNETOSPHERE / CENTRUM VOOR CONTINUE WAARNEMING VAN DE HOGERE ATMOSFEER, DE PLASMASFEER EN DE MAGNETOSFEER CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DE RECHERCHES SUR LES "PRIMITIFS FLAMANDS" / INTERNATIONAAL CENTRUM VOOR NAVORSINGEN OVER DE "VLAAMSE PRIMITIEVEN" CENTRE NATIONAL D'ARCHEOLOGIE ET D'HISTOIRE DU LIVRE / CENTRUM VOOR ARCHEOLOGIE EN GESCHIEDENIS VAN HET BOEK CENTRE NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE DES SCIENCES / NATIONAAL CENTRUM VOOR DE GESCHIEDENIS DER WETENSCHAPPEN CENTRE NATIONAL DE DOCUMENTATION SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE / NATIONAAL CENTRUM VOOR WETENSCHAPPELIJKE EN TECHNISCHE DOCUMENTATIE (CNDST / NCWTD) CENTRE NATIONAL DE RECHERCHES ARCHEOLOGIQUES EN BELGIQUE / NATIONAAL CENTRUM VOOR OUDHEIDKUNDIGE NAVORSINGEN VAN BELGIE CENTRUM VOOR LANDBOUWKUNDIG ONDERZOEK - GENT (CLO) COMMISSION ROYALE D'HISTOIRE / KONINKLIJKE COMMISSIE VOOR GESCHIEDENIS COMMISSION ROYALE DE TOPONYMIE ET DE DIALECTOLOGIE / KONINKLIJKE COMMISSIE VOOR TOPONYMIE EN DIALECTOLOGIE INSTITUT D'AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE / BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE (IAS / BIRA) INSTITUT D'HYGIENE ET D'EPIDEMIOLOGIE / INSTITUUT VOOR HYGIENE EN EPIDEMIOLOGIE (IHE / IHE) INSTITUT DE RECHERCHES CHIMIQUES / INSTITUUT VOOR SCHEIKUNDIG ONDERZOEK INSTITUT ECONOMIQUE AGRICOLE / LANDBOUWECONOMISCH INSTITUUT (IEA / LEI) INSTITUT HISTORIQUE BELGE DE ROME / BELGISCH HISTORISCH INSTITUUT TE ROME INSTITUT NATIONAL DE CRIMINALISTIQUE / NATIONAAL INSTITUUT VOOR CRIMINALISTIEK INSTITUT ROYAL D'ETABLISSEMENTS SCIENTIFIQUES ET CULTURELS NATIONAUX / KONINKLIJK INSTITUUT VOOR NATIONALE WETENSCHAPPELIJKE EN CULTURELE INSTELLINGEN INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES DE LA TERRE ET DE L'ESPACE / KONINKLIJK INSTITUUT VOOR AARDE- EN RUIMTEWETENSCHAPPEN INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE / KONINKLIJK BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN (IRSN / KBIN) 25