Brand Faculteit Bouwkunde TU Delft

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1 Brand Faculteit Bouwkunde TU Delft Van lekkage tot instorting Onderzoek naar de brand aan de Faculteit Bouwkunde op 13 mei 2008 Afstudeeropdracht Wiebe Scheffer ( ) Jeroen van de Werfhorst ( ) Begeleidende docenten Begeleiding Efectis Ir. R.P.J. de Haas Dhr. H. Tieman Ing. M.P. de Feiter dr.ir. C. Both Ir. A.J. Breunese Hogeschool Rotterdam G.J. de Jonghweg 4-6, 3015 GG, Rotterdam Efectis Nederland B.V. Lange Kleiweg 5, 2288 GH, Rijswijk

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bE&&0/=;&::67*%M6!)6867*%M;6*8c!8&046'6!468&&'!;66P! 8&0!9&'!;&&)!96)5&=;0!E&4!53)86'B!U6F6!9)&&4/0677*'4!<60)6P!F3567!86!933)<6)6*86'86!&7/!86!(*0936)6'86! 8*6'/06'!"=&7&E*06*06'E&'&46E6'0-!6'!;60!3'86)F36M!'&&)!86!0368)&=;0!9&'!86!<)&'8>!E&M6'!466'!8667! (*0!9&'!86!:)3%6=03:8)&=;0B U6!93746'86!;33L89)&46'!F*%'!76*86'8!46566/0!*'!;60!3'86)F36M^ G36!;6<<6'!)6769&'06!L6*06'!6'!3E/0&'8*4;686'!F*=;>!'&!;60!(*0<)6M6'!6'!;60!=3'/0&06)6'!9&'!86! <)&'8>!933)468&&'!6'!3'05*MM678d F3&7/!F*=;!8*6!&&'8*6'86'd M(''6'!53)86'!8&0!F*%!F*=;!933)!F3(86'!"M(''6'-!836'd 46fE:76E6'066)8!5&)6'>!8&'!567!06)!<6/=;*MM*'4!/03'86'd 7696'!5&)6'!46)36:6'd 6'!6?06)'-d F*%'!566)464696'd N67M6!&&'<6967*'46'!8*6'6'>!3:!<&/*/!9&'!86!06!76)6'!76//6'>!'&86)!06!53)86'!<6/=;3(58!6'! 2 Gebaseerd op Ernst & Young rapport! g&4*'&!#+!

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

17 !"#"$%&'()*+),- ()2?/0&!3&1!3:!C0!1/('2/'(050!L0?00(1)&>!B%&!()1)23N1!C)0!>0(05%/00(C!I)$&!%%&!2()9)&%5)/0)/!0&!%&C0(0!B3(90&! B%&!L0G'1/!3&>0G0&1/!90&105)$J!?%&C050&< GGG<)&/0(1023<&5.-,/+%01'%2)(%*133-*( 00&!B33(!L0)C0!3:C(%2?/>0B0(1!"C0!QR!D05S!0&!C0!B0(I0J0(%%(-!C33(!.&/0(1023!;<=<!>0I%90&5)$J!')/!/0!B30(0&! H0)/0&3&C0(I30J<!T%C%/!L015')/B3(9)&>!3B0(!?0/!B0(1/(0JJ0&!/3/!C0!>0I%90&5)$J0!3:C(%2?/!%%&!.&/0(1023! D05S< D33(!C0!3:C(%2?/>0B0(!G0(C!00&!5)$1/!B%&!3:!C%/!9390&/!40&!/0!1:(0J0&!:0(13&0&!%%&!.&/0(1023!;<=<!/0(! L012?)JJ)&>!>01/05C<!W%&15')/0&C!G0(C0&!%H1:(%J0&!>09%%J/!3B0(!C0!G)$I0!B%&!')/B30()&>!B%&!?0/! 3&C0(I30J<!.&!00(1/0!)&1/%&40!C)0&C0&!)&/0(B)0G1!B%&!C0!%%&>050B0(C0!:0(13&0&!/0!G3(C0&!%H>0&390&<! X0(13&0&!C)0!%550&!>0/')>0&!G%(0&!>0G001/!B%&!C0!G%/0(12?%C0!3&/1/%%&!3:!C0!#0!B0(C)0:)&>!B%&!?0/!:%&C! 0&!Y!3H!C0!"L0>)&&0&C0-!L(%&C!3&/1/%%&!3:!C0!V0!B0(C)0:)&>!B%&!?0/!:%&C< Z3:0&C0!?0/!3&C0(I30J!G0(C!L0153/0&!39!3:!00&!I05HC0!G)$I0!900(C0(0!>0/')>0&!/0!)&/0(B)0G0&<![\&!B%&! C0!>0/')>0&!G0(C!B33(!00&!/G00C0!9%%5!>0]&/0(B)0GC< 4)*1'(5--*67'8%)'%9)(2-6)' ;0153/0&!G0(C!39!%550!B%&')/!C0!QR!%%&>050B0(C0!>0/')>0&!C33(!/G00!90C0G0(J0(1!B%&!.&/0(1023!;<=<!/0! 5%/0&!)&/0(B)0G0&!0&!/0&!4$C0!B%&!C0I0!)&/0(B)0G1!C)(02/!>01:(0J1B0(15%>0&!3:!/0!9%J0&<!^01:(0J1B0(15%>0&! C)0!&%!%_33:!B%&!?0/!>01:(0J!C33(!C0!C01L0/(0`0&C0!>0/')>0!B33(!00&!$')1/0!G00(>%B0!932?/!G3(C0&! 3&C0(/0J0&C<!;3B0&1/%%&C0!G)$I0!B%&!')/B30()&>!B3&C!:5%%/1!90/!)&1/099)&>!B%&!C0!>0I%90&5)$J0! 3:C(%2?/>0B0(1< =%&!%550!>0?3'C0&!>01:(0JJ0&!G0(C0&!>01:(0J1B0(15%>0&!3:>09%%J/<!D0!3:>09%%J/0!>01:(0J1B0(15%>0&! G0(C0&!&%!%H(3&C)&>!B%&!C0!>01:(0JJ0&!I3!1&05!93>05)$J!0&!/0>05)$J0(4$C!%%&!L0)C0!3:C(%2?/>0B0(1! "C)>)/%%5-!%%&>050B0(C<!D0!3()>)&050!0&!B33(!00&!$')1/0!G00(>%B0!3&C0(/0J0&C0!>01:(0J1B0(15%>0&!G0(C0&! 0B0&00&1!%%&!C0!3:C(%2?/>0B0(1!/0(!L012?)JJ)&>!>01/05C< 3 Gebaseerd op Interseco rapport! X%>)&%!@*!

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``"#9."#-06"#332()3#52%63>)3"a#1%%">%75/3G# B3#=3"'2.>$)< N.#$3)#%932/06'3"#9."#O33"'32)#9."#'32#U/*4)#0"#CD_^#)2.'#U."#'3"#K2%3+#)%3#)%)#$3)#.2>$0)3>)3";*23.*# K20"+7."#3"#U."#'32#U/*4):#'.)#932'32#40"4#%"'32#'3#"..7#K20"+7."#3"#U."#'3"#K2%3+<#!"#'03#86'#132'#'3# 932)23+$./#9."#'3#J%//."'HA7320+.#O06"#4323./0(332'<#N.#$3)#;%7;.2'373")#%5#Y%Z32'.7#1.(#U."#'3"# K2%3+#0")3"(03&#;3)2%++3"#;06#$3)#5/.""3"#9."#'3#13'32%5;%*1#9."#Y%Z32'.7<#N.#'3#%%2/%4#132+)3#U."# '3"#K2%3+#(.73"#73)#I..5#K.+37.#0"#$3)#.2>$0)3>)3";*23.*#U."#'3"#K2%3+#3"#K.+37.#3"#23./0(332'3#33"# 42%%)#..")./#52%63>)3"#0"#3"#;*0)3"#Y%Z32'.7<#J3)#10"+3/>3")2*7#O06";.."#3"#J3)#B%25#0"#A2"$37#-06"# ;3+3"'()3#52%63>)3"#9."#'0)#;*23.*<#N..()#-06"# $3'3"#./(#.2>$0)3>)#1.(#U."#'3"#K2%3+#)*((3"# CD[^#3"#CDF[#$%%4/32..2#K%*1+*"'3#.."#'3#V3>$"0(>$3#J%43(>$%%/#B3/X< # b.40".#c_#

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fbeelding 2.1 Schets van het ontwerp!"#"-$.(/01& ="$L5..6C*43"M$5&2$9"#$,"-.(/$)&,$8"#$3"$%&N&3","+*#(""63$6*'972,$9"#$C(*3/"+#"2?$="$3*6"'#"$.8,"5*2,$5&2$9"#$,"-.(/$/&+$56*4$,6."2A$/&&6-*4$ 9"#$,"-.(/$&&2$3"$2..63/"+#$"2$C(*3/"+#$C*43"$ 3"")+$/&+$.8,"5"2$3..6$/&#"6?$="$9..%3*2,&2,$ -"5.23$C*'9$&&2$3"$2..63/"+#$C*43"? O:$9"#$8&&*5")3$-"5.23"2$C*'9$C"+$,"-.(/3")"2A$ -"+#&&23"$(*#$""2$-"#.2P+#&&)'.2+#6('7"$8"#$#/""$ 5"63*":*2,"2$"2$""2$1")3"6A$/&&6(*#$""2$3"67"2$ 5"63*":*2,"2$#"))"23"$#.6"2$.89..,$+#&1?$!"#"2$%((345(+6$ Afbeelding 2.2 Luchtfoto ontwerp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