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7 Afstudeerscriptie - High Performance Computing in the Cloud EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document is a research report on High Performance Computing in the Cloud. High Performance Computing is using many systems together in tandem (parallel) to solve a compute intensive task. The goal is to finish this task in a shorter amount of time. The advent of Cloud computing led to a natural interest in combining High Performance Computing and Cloud with each other. Cloud computing is a subject that has been widely discussed, yet there seems to be conflicting definitions and little understanding what Cloud computing really is. Cloud computing offers many interesting advantages, both financially and technically compared to traditional setups. Cloud computing makes it is possible to avoid capital expenditure and only buy what you need for the period you need it and without any type of commitment. Cloud notice. This research document seeks to primarily answer one question: Which characteristics must a Cloud platform have in order to be ideally and optimally suited for High Performance Computing? Cloud computing is in most cases well suited for High Performance Computing, but in some cases specialized equipment can do a better job. Cloud computing is limited to components and type of capacity that is in most demand. Cloud computing uses economies of scale and pooling of capacity and is purposefully built as generic as possible. The reason for the generic nature of the Cloud is that it must be usable by anyone for any purpose at any moment. Cloud computing users must be able to coexist and operate together on equipment with the same characteristics. In the case of Cloud computing only a virtual layer separates users (or tenants) from each other. Despite the financial and flexibility advantages of Cloud computing, some companies or entities are sceptical to implement Cloud solutions. The main reason for this scepticism is cited as being the security aspects of such a solution. The security concerns are both technical and legal. There is currently a very limited amount of precedents, uniformity or standardized legislation to address these concerns. An advantage of standardization or legislative mandates for standardization would be the avoidance of vendor lock-in (being tied to a specific provider because of difficulties in switching to another;; no cross vendor compatibility). It is furthermore unclear how secure and private one s data is if outsourced to a Cloud computing provider that operates locally (from the perspective of the user) but has its roots in a different country. Legislation in a foreign country (like the Patriot Act in the USA) could be a big threat to the security and privacy The conclusion of this research document is that there needs to be further research in legislative solutions and or standardization of solutions to effectively address these concerns. Just as companies, governments and entities trust the global banking system, they also must be able to trust the Cloud computing system. WT Rotterdam 13 Pagina 6 van 61

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9 Afstudeerscriptie - High Performance Computing in the Cloud SAMENVATTING Cloud computing heeft de afgelopen jaren een hoge vlucht genomen. Het is niet meer de vraag of bedrijven over zullen stappen naar Cloud-oplossingen, maar op welk moment. Cloud computing kenmerkt zich door efficiëntie, maximale beschikbaarheid, minimaal beheer en flexibiliteit. Dit opent nieuwe deuren voor Cloud- Ondanks alle voordelen zijn veel bedrijven huiverig om de eerste stap te nemen richting de Cloud. Is het wel veilig en betrouwbaar? Wat bieden Cloud-services aan en wat niet? Door het snel veranderende IT-landschap kan geen absolute definitie worden geformuleerd, de consument heeft een andere kijk op het IT-landschap dan bijvoorbeeld de ontwikkelaar of de. Er zijn vele commerciële toepassingen voor HPC en Cloud computing elk met hun specifieke eisen die ze aan het Cloud-platform stellen. Zoals bedrijven die wetenschappelijk onderzoek verrichten, ontwerpers en financiële instanties. Bedrijven die bijvoorbeeld analyses en datamining willen toepassen op transacties of bedrijfshandelingen, kunnen van HPC en Cloud computing profiteren. Dit document is een uiteenzetting van een onderzoek naar High Performance Computing (HPC) in the Cloud. Het onderzoek bevat definities van HPC en Cloud computing anno 2012 en geeft antwoord op de volgende vraag: Welke eigenschappen moet een Cloud-platform hebben om optimaal en geschikt te zijn voor High Performance Computing? Daarnaast wordt een matchingsmatrix opgesteld die verschillende toepassingen uiteenzet tegen kenmerken van een Cloud-platform. Dit geeft bedrijven inzicht in, welke type toepassingen het beste naar de Cloud zijn te migreren, implementeren of met behulp van Cloud uit te breiden zijn. Ondanks de financiële voordelen en flexibiliteit dat Cloud computing biedt, zijn sommige bedrijven en organisaties sceptisch om Cloud oplossingen te implementeren. De meest voorkomende en belangrijkste redenen hiervoor zijn de veiligheidsaspecten van een dergelijke oplossing. Er zijn geen duidelijke regels en er is geen uniforme of gestandaardiseerde wetgeving om deze problemen aan te pakken. De conclusie van dit onderzoeksdocument is dat er behoefte is naar nader onderzoek in wetgeving en verdere standaardisering van Cloud-oplossingen. Dit lijkt noodzakelijk om deze problematiek effectief aan te pakken. Bedrijven en instellingen vertrouwen bijvoorbeeld op het wereldwijde banksysteem en moeten uiteindelijk ook in staat zijn om op een Cloud computing systeem te vertrouwen. Ten slotte wordt een praktijkopdracht opgenomen in deze scriptie in de vorm van een demonstratie. Het doel van de demonstratie is om kennis en ervaring op te doen met betrekking tot het opzetten van HPC in de Cloud en bestrijkt ook de uitdagingen en kansen van het project. WT Rotterdam 13 Pagina 7 van 61

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22 "#$#$#6 7('8(92-')14:';&+-'<)=42*+&,-'2>41='<)14428'&2-'<*+&,-5 1) J+K?( 7L<&'I X<=L$ '<<) JS 2=*B$,=*(7L<&']/</)+' ++S +++S 3<)*(I*<C]/C=+LT/<<AL(",,$]3=*(J<<B *S M()B(L(P A($&AA()(()' '=?=)'V=)( N<<) 7L<&' $,(*+==L A(J<&V' C<( '( RM()B(L(P [ 5+*?=(L ")CJ&)$T ")C=@'< 3<W ( =LIT FEEeT,I FESI -+()C(( J('<(L C(@ '=?( +@(##+*+l@ +$ '= (LB( *<C,&() ((@ (+A(@ N<('+@A (@ B=$?((#I ;<<)?( *<@$<L+'()(@ N=@ A(C((@$*?=,,(L+KB( *<C,<@(@(@ Z<& *<C,&()$P$(C(@ J('<(L' N<<) ((@ 7L<&' '==*(@() (##+*+l@() B&@@(@ V()B(@ R(@()A+( N()J)&+BS C==) Z<&'(@ <<B A<('B<,() (@ C+L+(&N)+(@'(L+KB() Z+K@ <C (,)<'&*()(@I ;(*<CC&@+*=+([+@#)=$)&*&&)&$$(@'(#P$+(B(=,,=)=&&)J+@@(@((@'==*(@()+$<<BZ(() J(L=@A)+KBI -( JL+KB '= '+ (()'() ((@ J<L(@(*B B=@ Z+K@ '=@ 708 *=,=*+(+ +@ ((@ 7L<&' <CA(N+@A Z<=L$ N==B V<)' ==@A(B==) '<<) L(N()=@*+()$ Z<=L$ 7+$*< OP$(C$ R7+$*< [ "@')(V 0L(*?()TFEEai;(LL0<V()$<L&+<@$[9<CO=*?&)=TFEGESI -( &+A=@A$,&@ N=@ 7L<&'?=)'V=)([ (@ $<#V=)( ==@J+('()$ +$ <C Z< A()+*? C<A(L+KB (##+*+l@( $P$(C(@ ( J<&V(@T '+( $,(*+==L <@V<),(@ Z+K@ <C +@ ((@ 7L<&' $+&=+( ( #&@*+<@()(@I;(7L<&'$<#V=)(<@V(),()RJ+KN<<)J((L'iH5U=)(SJ('(@B<,L<$$+@A(@<CZ< (##+*+l@c<a(l+kb?=)'v=)((j(@&(@(@j(?()(@j+@@(@'(7l<&'+@#)=$)&*&&)i U92<()'=CGD 0=A+@=G^N=@^G

23 >a.6c)#)1'7:&#**7>1')'(:# # 7L<&' *<C,&+@A N<<) ((@.==O R.@#)=$)&*&)( =$ = O()N+*(S ==@J+('() +$?( J($*?+BJ==) $(LL(@(@+@$=@'?<&'(@N=@((@*<C,L((*<C,&+@A+@#)=$)&*&&)I1##+*+l@+(TJ(N(+L+A+@A(@ $=J+L+(+Z+K@N=@(W)((CJ(L=@AI1(@==@J+('()N=@ +@ ( B<,(@I ;+ A(L' <<B N<<) +@()@(J=@'J)(('(I.@N($()+@A(@ +@ '==*<CC&@+*=+( Z+K@ )(L=+(# L=A() =L$ C(@ N((L J=@'J)(('(@<'+A?((#I1(@.==O==@J+('()B=@@<A(##+*+l@()#&@*+<@()(@'<<)J+KN<<)J((L'?('==*(@()(,L==$(@V==) (L(B)+*+(+(@B<(L+@A?(A<('B<<,$Z+K@RL<*=+(,L=@@+@ASI H=@Z(L#$,)(B(@' +$?( A((@ A<(' +'(( <C '( '==*(@() ()A(@$ (,L==$(@ V==) (L(B)+*+(+?((L ()A '&&) +$ <# V==)?( Z<?(( +$ '= C(@ (@<)C N((L <C =LL($ ( B<(L(@I 1) +$ ((@ =LA(C((@ A(J)&+B( &+')&BB+@A '+( RN()==LS L&+'> -( +$ A<('B<,() <C #<<@(@(N(),L==$(@'=@(L(B)<@(@RM()B(L(P[5+*?=(L")CJ&)$T")C=@'<3<W(=LITFEEe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bK**Oa8# 1(@0==OR0L=#<)C=$=O()N+*(S==@J+('()B=@'(.==O==@J+('()Z(L#Z+K@C==)B=@<<B((@ BL=@ Z+K@ N=@ ((@.==O ==@J+('()I '( *<C,&()*=,=*+(+ N=@ ((@ <# C(().==O ==@J+('()$ =# <C <, '( +@#)=$)&*&&) N=@ '( ==@J+('()?&@,L=#<)C ( B&@@(@ ')==+(@ RJ+KN<<)J((L'i $<#V=)( (@ <# C+''L(V=)(SI X<?<(# ((@,L=#<)C <@V+BB(L==) Z(L# A((@ < J(@&(@<C'='(Z(C(()'()(0==O<#O==O==@J+('()$=L$BL=@(@B=@?(JJ(@'+(*=,=*+(+ =#@(C(@I U92<()'=CGD 0=A+@=GaN=@^G

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