HOOFDSTUK 4 BESCHRIJVING VAN DE VOORGENOMEN ACTIVITEIT

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1 HOOFDSTUK 4 BESCHRIJVING VAN DE VOORGENOMEN ACTIVITEIT 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007

2 INHOUDSOPGAVE Hfuk 4 Bchjv v vm cv I L v ch Am Ich REC Upu REC Owpv Hvh m vwk fvff Accppcu c Pc- bchjv I Av, p, vbwk v fvff Vb Vb Okk Luch- kym Wmuw (bchjv k, mpm) Wmv Ekcpwkk (WKC) Kwu (WKC) Rk SNCR-DNOx Sfvfch (E-f) Wmw (ECO 2) Sp Dkf N w Sch Op fv v ff Bm V ku (RGR) Ov Bbu Am bukw Dm-wym Dkwym Puch Sfzu Am Bjfvpc E bjf pv Ru pp, hu Pcu um Cm Vhbhym / Bjfp Ubjfm p G- hupff M-, - wb Mb Eb Wb R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007

3 4.5 Em mbpk m Luch Em v chmch cmp Gu Dffu m v f Em j fwjk bjfmh Gu Bm w Oppvkw E Ex vh E- puc Vk Lchppjk pbh vch Mu-pc j buw Pv mu-pc V v ( v) vm cv V p hmch vwk V v k I V RGR: (MMA 1) V RGR: SCR p v SNCR (MMA 2) V RGR: chvh (MMA ) Ov pvv m m Gu E Av v vm cv Am H uf M muvjk f (kuz u v)... 4 Bj (vv) Ichk m vp p yu 4. - Lchppjk p Uwk m-cjf 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007

4 Hfuk 4 Bchjv v vm cv 4.1 I I hfuk w bchjv v v vm cv jk bchuw m uvv v v vb v fv- ff Rff E C (REC). D vm cv (VA) hf bkk p vb v m fv- ff p j. V vb w uw vb p Iuhv v H. H vm v Om puc, vjkm bj vb v fvff ch z u mjk p. D w z vm v m v b Wm Kch C (WKC) v F Zu BV. Dz WKC w u k p v vm v m kc pucc v F Zu BV. H vch kc w v p h pb kc. I uw u (VA) w b puc.m.v. h vb v fv- ff v v z vm v h uk m. Om z h uk m ku v w m u REC WKC v v v 600 m. D z kpp w p jb mxm 75 mj Nm (f bf) bp. D WKC z km u v zj m /f wm v uw fm uhv R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 1 v 4

5 4.2 L v ch Am D vc v REC Iuhv v H. Z v z REC w pch p ( ub v) h u, zj v H, c bjh v zufbk v F Zu B.V. I fuu... ch. F REC Om Fuu L REC D c bkb v w (N1) h w (V Hxmk, Tjk Huz Iuhv). V H, bj F Zu B.V. m m vu ch cmch pu. D kpp v wm w z h ch m h. D m v b WKC v F bck-up vz wz k buk w mk v b vz. D c h bk. Ok b h bk pc p uhv H vp k p uwkm fm v m kc. D ch ppvkw, bhv v - fv p chp. Bpk fm v h zj wz. D uhv v H c h Nu2000-b Wz. D bjh v b hf v z Om fm p vh kuz hf mk, hbb muffc p h b mmum bpk. Dz kuz zj: 1. (pc)wz p h w Iuhv; 2. bukmk v b kwz v WKC wmz p b vuvw v v Wv Wwh-vu;. h buw ch h k zkjk; 4. v vch v h R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 2 v 4

6 4.2.2 Ich REC- D c hf ppvk v c. 5 h z vmjk w vz v m buw w v cv p zu ch: vh (ch b p c.q. vbuk) m h vb wkp mzj v chch ; kbuw (, v k) k b u w( c. z u k v, c mp ) ; buw.b.v. chch um pcbu ckm; buw m kwkpkk, vum vz. Dc h hfbuw z ch w p.b.v. fv v k. V z ch w vz v wbubuw m ubb wbu, wbuff v h bu v hmw, p.b.v. p- v v b fv- ff bm, pvkk v bm, k m v vh.b.v. h p v w b vh. H h z w vz v 2 m h hkwk m b p m v h ku u (z bj 4.2 v uk) R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P v 4

7 Fuu Dw REC 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 4 v 4

8 4. Upu REC 4..1 Owpv D vwkcpc v vbj w b hmch b v. Dz v p 10 MW bj cch w v 1 MJ/ k v bf. D v h km v. Skm 110 Cch w: Thmch vm [MW] MJ/k 1 MJ/k MJ/k 95 9 MJ/k RDF z [/uu] Fuu 4. - Skm Z v DLC( c ) p z v f 28 /uu bj kw v 1 MJ. Bj fwjk vbw w vkm /h z bk: mxm z bj 5 /uu (bj cch w v 9 MJ/k).c. 280 k/j. D mxm cch w b 15 MJ/k; v b z 2 /uu.c. 184 k/j. Bjfv1 bu vcu bjf, m bchkbh v mm bjfu p j. D z v ff p j m f p uu 28,5. D mpm v k zj v v: Smuk u vvh: 40 b; Smmpuu u vvh: 400 C. 1.w.z. hmch vwk/vb; - fv ch uu u p 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 5 v 4 8

9 4..2 Hvh m vwk fvff I b vzch v v hvh m v fvff, wv REC b. Tb4.1. Afv- ff bhv v REC Hvh (k/j) RDF(HHA/GHA) HDO (bjffv) BSA-u 0-10 Ov (bjf)fvff 0-20 Gm 228 Pc v pu (%) Cch w (MJ/k) Hkm Opmk Sch v HHA HDO Vf Ecpk D W Bjv I x v Sj v buw- pfv E ff v Om x bjv 1 I b m v z m ch. Tb4.2. Sm pu pcfc v REC Pm Hvh p j Pc v pu Eh % RDF (HHA/GHA) m. mx. HDO (bjffv) m mx. BSA-u m mx. Ov bjffvff Accpc.b.v. (v) m mx. fvff bm Upu wp REC Skw D f () MJ/k % T ch (C) T zwv (S) T fu (F) % % % 0,2 0,1 0,01 0,5 0, 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,01 1 0, 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,01 1 0, 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,01 1,5 0,5 0,2 <1,5 <0,5 <0,2 <1,5 <0,5 <0,2 m/k. m/k. m/k. m/k. m/k. m/k. m/k. m/k. m/k. <0,4 <0,1 < <0,4 <0,1 < <0,4 <0,1 < b. <0,4 <0,1 < < < < 00 <500 <2000 <50 0 < < < 00 <500 <2000 <50 A (A) Cmum (C) Chm (C) Kp (Cu) Kwk (H) L (Pb) Nkk (N) Zk (Z) Vum (V) 18 mx. 18 (fhkjk v hvh) 90 kv : m HDO jk m v RDF (b: Om, ) N bvm fv- ff zu vjkb bjffvff w ccp (z bj 2.1) m w v h ccpm wppcfc v REC. D fv- ff zj hfzkjk fkm u h vzb v Om (N-N). D w fvff v, vwch vmjk u N MN R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 6 v 4 1

10 4.. Accppcu c D fv- ff zu w ccp m v bjk c m muhyëch vw vb bwk. D bk v fvff zu w ccp: ) b) c) ) ) f) ) ff wk p zchzf, zm f vb m ff: f f vjk zj; zf bb ch vmb zj; pfb zj; muhyëch /f chch mjk vwk zj; phch fv (Spcfk Zkhu Afv); kv f v, fcë, v- /f vfv, chfv; cv ff uz ff;, w h f jk vu v, um, f, bu, k c, v zv p hu v c c mjk vpkkm vpk ff2; f chmcë m v ff, f chmcë bv, w bjm; f, v zv m, v EURAL c vjk fvff v. I AV/AO-IC, bh bj v, h ccpm v Rff E C pm. Ek pj fvff w v b/ku: j p-ccp (ccf); j ccp p v mv vu c. D v pk/kpfwj mm y p. Op b v chmch mv w b f pcfc v REC w v. A z, v (p-)ccp p w pj w: mxm c c p c z j p c v REC. V v v uw/bk fvff z kw j w bp m v mm y. Op b v z wkwjz b ccp fv- ff zu v wpc v. H w vkm uchm v k h cc bv k w vb. 2 fz v b ff v Om 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 7 v 4

11 4.4 Pc- bchjv I D h vbpc w bchv m v v: Av, p, vbwk v ff; Vb; Wmuw; Wmv; Ekcpuc; Kwu; Rk; Op fv v ff; Ov. Bj h chch wp v REC z chk (BBT; v k ) upu w buk. V z REC v - k: vw v ph fv hupff k k v RGR ch v v bm fv u w k c F Zu B.V. puc WKC kc m Fuu 4.4 Bkchm vm cv 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 8 v 4

12 4.4.2 Av, p, vbwk v fvff D vb fvff w c v vf v Om ( bpk m) vu p f p chp (v p v k). Av p ch uu p wk (m/ /m v) p (7-19 uu), wj p p chp k v- chp k pv. D v ff w w m um wbupkk v p vh. I vh cu wz m v ff mf z fyk c p ju mchjv m. A v fvff j v ccpc z bchv pf 4.. Qu k h v b REC z v km c hvh m WKC k v. D bk buk v wkv v mm 4 (2500 ). D z p h (p) pmjkh w mk v jjk p v b ff (mx ) m v vwk ku pv. I vh zj 4 p wz w chuffu zj vch k. D kmch hf w ppk h zj bchkk m v fvff hm bf mk. D v h v fv w vk (< 0 cm).m.v. h. H hm w h ymch mchpp v fvff p v buk (h z.. bfb), w hm v bf. D hm v b v h v pc. H w jkm vb ub v fvff b mpuc jkm m v k. D fvff p h bfb w vv m zf ppk ch Vb Vu buk w h m v ch v bch. Vu ch w h fv v p mchch bw bch. D h mpuu (1), (2) vh, () vb (4) ub p Vb H vb u bv v h vbpc v vb m. H vb m () wk uv w, h wk vm z z w v vwm v pm uchm. H chk m v ff ku vb: bb fv fkm v huhu (RDF, HHA); bb u v buw- pfv (BSA-u); bb bjffv (HDO vjkb uë fvm). D kuz v h b p v p mk v jk. D u wp u-/pkb p w. D hu cmp b ï w. D cpc v b z v zj m p mpuu v mm 850 C b (60% MCR) Okk D kk v m bj vb bm m w k z v pym p p. D kk bv zch ch h vb. H b k- upp w v kk w vz u b fvwm u v. Dz wv mh wb zj. I h pym v fch ï, m zf R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 9 v 4

13 D p v bm up. Vu z up w bm fv pwk Luch- kym D pm uchzu v p vu h bukbuw. D zu v cu uch v p vu h khu kkpym. D pm vbuch w vvwm h wm w v k f uk m. Hv w wmw h vk p. D mm vbjfj v k p 850 C -vu 2 c zj, v v BVA BREF Afvvb Wmuw (bchjv k, mpm) D wm, bj vb v ff, w uw m bhup v (m)k. D k v m k f k m zm wmw. I k w wmw ï v v: kbu, mm w vvh, vmp cm (ECO 1). I k w vvh m puc. D ECO mp u u b m z.. b u u m. D k b u cvc w buw v h pcp v kk chk hz cvc. Upu hbj zj: bh fvch v vch k c mpuupf h k u h j v k. D k z uu zj m h vc cvc-ppvk. D k m vb cc km zj z wp c vvu zv mjk vkm w. D mpm k zj b bj h mpu bvm c v k k p. D mxm mpuu uk k bj wp v k 400 C 40 b. D k w uu m vwmym wm k vvwm k w, ubjfm. H vwmym v wm mm 150 C u k. D mpuu v 150 C, w v b bjf m w. D fk k ( m 180 C) h v k w fv k R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 10 v 4

14 4.4.5 Wmv Z v z h ch m v REC w (c) v v hukm b Wm Kch C (WKC). H z 600 m m w Ekcpwkk (WKC) D wjz wp kc w puc w MER k bchv, m pv b WKC. D REC puc wm vm v hukm, w v ub b WKC (p ch). I b WKC ub c kpp v puc v kc. D mchch w pwk xp v m ub (v c. 40 b uk u 7 5,5 b) w mz kc. Opmk w bj m mpm w vv v b ub bj WKC z m w v. Mxm w hm 10 MW kc puc. H vbuk v REC p MW, z 8 MW h pb k w v. I vb w v h v w pmk: I WKC z buk ku w mk v h b c- kvwym; D b, p k mk v WKC z bjv b m bj u bjf zj REC v wm v v ku vu. D z uw c WKC w p m v m c f ku v h v mfm puc. N z xp z u m v w vwmmum (F uw fm). Tv ub uu m fp p 14 b vu, h b hv 5 /uu Kwu (WKC) Ok v kwu buk mk z w v b WKC. I b u w wm v WKC v zupucbjf F Zu BV. F buk z wm v h mp v zuv pk, w k v h zu (NC) p. D wm w m p wk ym wk. H kwb m/u mxm wmvch mxm p 90 MW. Dz 90 MW b p h mxm vm v WKC (106 MW) mu mxm kcpuc (16 MW). D m wmvch v F m bjfmh 0 MW. I km u bjv h b mxm wmvch wjz. Om REC zupuc fhkjk v k fuc w vch wm, REC z v cu mxm puc. Op b v puccjf v fp j v F w vch pc p 20% v wm-hu v uk m p 18 MW. D m wmvch km u km m p 48 MW. D REC WKC/F zj b cu bjv, v zch mm uu p j puc. D hbb b k mm w wk (6 uu) v jjk hup. Dz p hup w (zmjk) zf wk p. I h v u h j p p v F p, z p mm hvh wm v ukm w wk m h b kwym. D wmvch z jk v mxm 90 MW ku zj. H pk v zch f z w m z u z k z m mjk v km. D uk fhkjk v ub R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 11 v 4

15 4.4.8 Rk Ok h f zv mjk pcï m zj vz m vm v v vkm, zu vjkm k vóó fv (m) w bh k (RGR). D k wp m v z k v mw v h Bu vb fvff (Bv) m v h cum v B B Tchk (BBT) p v IPPC-chj. A k ym vz, vu m SNCR (-kych uc v NOx). D zkjk m pcfk N NOx- v 70 m/nm ku v. H kym b pcp u vjc m kf chk w. D w f hp v k v vu mmkb v SNCRky f, m vzk k v k w pum bj ch. Smv mv RGR v pp: 1. SNCR- (m mmk-p) v vwj v NOx; 2. E(kch)-f.b.v. fch v buk f (v) fb v;. wmw (ECO-2).b.v. h pwm v h c; 4. pc m chk kf v vwj v f, x zw m. I pc w k m v kk k (ck) v, w wz vm v b. D fb v w u h kf fv; 5. w b u quch (v vz v k) p c. 55 C kch w v vwj v SO2, HC, HF, f zw m; 6. zu/k v ch U w km fvwm vj, p w buk v c v k. D REC m pcfvwvj. Dz cfu k chmch v w wv: Fuu Schmch wv RGR REC SNCR-DNOx D v k v m SNCR (Scv N Cyc Ruc) k, w m v mmumjc h NOx k w mz kf (N2) v cvjk: 4NO + 4 NH + O2 2NO2 + 4 NH + O2 -> 4 N2 + 6 H2O -> N2 + 6 H2O D u m k v uchm v h Bu Vb Afvff (BVA) v 70 m/nm R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 12 v 4

16 Fuu 4.6- Schmch wv SNCR-DNOx (b: Em.v/LUSS) Sfvfch (E-f) N k w k 2-v kch f, m 85% v v fch. E kf b u éé f m km wv z v w. E kf pbuw u p v. I h E-f w v (f vb) j m f kch v vzk k. Fuu 4.7- Schmch wv E-f (b: Em.v/LUSS) O v v h kch v w z u m fb. D u fch j ku w fv p pf vzmk f cc. Afv v fch j (vf) v p zwkch f, z bj v ff, pk kpp f v vzmk, wbj fz pkk f bkk v vzmk v p ch, zm buk. D fv v vwch v ch m cu buwf w fz.4 4 D h v kch f w v fv, v z vm w m vjkm m u k. H w vkm hvh RGR-u m w fv v bm vwkch (C2/Cp) 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 1 v 4

17 Wmw (ECO 2) I wmw w k vv fk 160 C. D wm u k w bu v vwm v h uc vf ub v WKC Sp I p w h pcfvw, w u w uu vf w, mp m m bwk h kpc fvwvj w Dkf N p w k m bhup v kk ck (HOK) bh v vwj v f, x zw m. D chmcë w uu cu m v h b5. D ku (kkzu buk ck) f w u m v m kf. D kf w p b u bhuz w f zj ph. Op z m fppvk. D m fk, wbj h f p k. Op uu f p, w h ukvch v h f m. W h ukvch h w, m h fk w. D bu ku k puch ch f pu. H f. Dz v b, wu h f m pchv w vwj. Fuu 4.8- Schmch wv kf (b: Em.v/LUSS) D fwk v kf bu v p h m v fk, m k p k pbuw f bj fwk. I pkjk f v kf vjw fhkjk v fb km m. W fb h, zu k vk w chpu, m h fh v kf vjw c. Bj z p k f p f 5 m/nm. 5 kch, v-umch cfm BREF Afvvb (z bj.) 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 14 v 4

18 N w I w v fv v zu cmp SO2, HC HF. I w w ccchm w w p. H pcfvw w u pmp p. Gw bpchk, wbj f cc u vf, v u h vf (vw w) w bb. Wzjk b -w u : bpc v fuw p bvch pkk, upp-v ccuk. Fuu 4.9- Schmch wv w (b: Em.v/LUSS) Om zu cmp f v w w (25% umhyx-p) v. D ph v h w w p 8,5-9,5 hu. D cvjk zj v: NOH + HC 2NOH + 1/2 O2 + SO2 NOH + HF -> NC + H2O -> N2SO4 + H2O -> NF + H2O Sch D ch z v fv v k mf. D chh w bp p v h kz kym, kmpuu kw v uch mv. D m- pmpu v mm w p bch. D mum c um p w. D h v ch b 55 m. Dz h m 25% bbuw (fbkbuw F), w pm mf w bch R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 15 v 4

19 4.4.9 Op fv v ff Bm D kk/bm w p m kkpym vu kk v k p. I pym w zf buw. Dz zf z v v ch v bm. G ff w h vwj m v pwk vkm. D vp v z zf z p, hv c, w fv. D p v bm m mpuc ku b, bk p v c. 2* D hvh bm m v m z p chp p c w bm v w bwk. D bmp z vz w v vkk vkpp m vuv u hmw vkm. D pvkk w vz v vfch v wbj v ( chp) p vfk vh z pv; p v hmw w pv fv bjfwbuff V ku (RGR) V p v ff (v u h E-f, b b vpuc u kf) w cpc v mm 7 v bjf ï. V k f f pcvjk k vz. Vwch w v u h E-f pb fbu. Op b v hu zch w ff p v pmjkh vz: V u E-f: Hfp: D vchw Rff u kf: Hfp: D vchw Nvz: D b b 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 16 v 4

20 Ov Bbu V v w bbu vz. Spcfk w fm m k bw vzkmchppj. D b u fhkjk wk bbupmp m vz (1 *, 2 * kch wv 1 p ). E f bwbuff bv zch bjh v, vz v v upp. D w vz v v bbupmp kch v pmp, k v h v k w vz. D w v z v J c k yp mp m u k c h mm p v. D z k j v hyfv m puchvz. Gu m bjf w p uk hu u p h pb kw. Bj cm z zuw bkk w u bj hv. H w vz v zkjk vf f. I buk w m w bbum p w bj v bukb. V z p w AFFF- ï. D z v AFFF mk h mjk m v ff b, z bukb, p qu wjz bj Am bukw V h v, m.. RGR, h khu kpwk w m wym buw. D ym b u 2 uk vhpmp, hyf pk, wm u w vzm w v v h vhp v vpp. E b upuw z bkk w u h pb ppvkw v bkk Dm-wym T vu v h v kw (96% v WKC v m km c u) w mw v WKC bkk; WKC bchk v m-w. Mjk z p mj m-w bj REC w v. D m-wv bj REC w p w k m cpc v 100 m k. E buchf buch v k vkm CO2 -x v h m-w Dkwym H b kw v w kpp m h pb kw. Dz kpp b u bkk m bu hyf. D ujk v w ym vz Puch H puchym w buk bj hu vwkzmh. Ok w puch buk v h kf v h p v ff z v c. F f-kpp f uchuu bv w vu ym v. Hv w puchym ï v 10 b m bjbh wk R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 17 v 4

21 Sfzu D fzu w buk m m chmkwk mjk mk. D hf u h khu, RGR, wkp mzj. H vwj f m v fch fch w m b b fv ku w. I h m vwj m fzu, m m w m z ff mchch vwj Am Bjfvpc D bjfv v uw z w b b Om-. D hu bjfpc v Om zj bchv pcu v ISO-9001:2000 m vu z k v uw bjf E bjf pv D p v p w f. D f buw m v b u zm ku pf. I z f w pcbu w u v vch p fuc. I z zf f w pcp p vch vc b v ppuu. N vwch z z f m u. D w f zm wm pf. I z f w hupff v w k v k wm k m.b.v. u-/pkb w b f bh fuc, w h fv p h w bch. I z f w bjfv b p v hfm. A h v z f w zm uv, w m vf pv v. Ok z f z vwch m u, w wk w v Om w pv. I f b v Om u xpf v. I p v p v p v m Ru pp, hu Om pm ku pp w uu m w u-/ pkb, w k p ch k. Dz b z v h c. k p w bjfmpuu w bch v h fv p h w bch (c. 24 uu). D bk k p mm 850 C m zj vbjfj v k k mm w c, v h wk m w h fv vb m w. H pp v bu f mk v. E z v v fvff w p, z mpuu v k z, w pkb bjf km m mpuu p mm 850 C hu. Op z wjz w z v c ub v fvff p h. Z h fv p h vb, w v 24 uu c p. H p hu v v p u 1x v hu 2* k p u h j. D /p-pcu z k v bv wkwjz pv R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 18 v 4

22 Pcu um D pcu z pv vu c ckm. I ckm zu vz w p wm h p k w uu (PLC-ym). D pcu z p ch zj m j v u p h pc hu bk w mvz z u w b c h, c m z u w p v z w bch mjkh v pc f cm mmum bpk. E z buwf m z. HAZOP (Hz Opby Ay) w. H m- ym z uv pm pcu bwk vu C C Rm (CCR) mjk. V h ym v umch pc u v hu h m. Bj k m f jv k hb, v k wkchk, wz. H u v pc p, v f pmm mjk. E v umch bu v h vz. D bk pwj, h buym vu CCR p, bv p k w. B- bwkym CCR D b- bwkym zj v k bh: bjf, m- m zj p h bchm zchb; m- m w m p v; pc bvu h wv v cu pcu; wv v cu fwu p; bmjkh v pcppuu kvu f p pvu; vu v pu; v v vj pmmb pccmp; kmk v KKS; h v v fm mmym. H ym vz cmp bwk, fuc, u bwk v. A bvchk v, z bu, kbvk c, bj m u v, w F S f PLC -cfu pbuw Cm Z b v p 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 19 v 4

23 Tb4.. S/cm bhm S (Buk)b Gv / cqu Rkwkk c m uch Sm Uv v chch Uv ub WKC G fm v m vuk k Spj Ovm v h v fbk. Lkk k Ov bm Lbuk m Oc fb v h m L k k p umbcb, kf k, RGR-u f v Hupff, RGR-u f v v v v h RGR-buw Lkk NH4OH k Opp v NH4OH mv, Evcu v buw 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) Ac D h z w vz v bw ku bbu- bmym. E bjzh v z h c p bukb. I jk v z k m pm uchfzu v h vbpc k w fv. Bj uzjk kwkk, m fzu f v, w k m kuk h k fv. D bukb w m bbuym bu, mu w k c k fv. Buw w buk pv zm m mu vb Bj uv v..v. m z - v fuc u, bjf w v mu bch, hv zj f f PLC ym vz. D fv v k w m k u m p z u kv I ub p, z h upu m w..v. hv m hyuch wk uc c c w. Dz c u h h k vh w p. D v cmp p mv h, m p 7-m v. D v v fvbuk k p 7 m bv h mv u. H w vkm hu v fvbuk h w km v vkm. Z v Tk w ubbw uv m kk-c, v k w b p m v hu m vm v z b vkm H c fbz vkm bj buk, m v v/p p bu (v h ) w h ffc v fb mv bpk. D REC w v v buk fk. Upu buk zch v h Smwz. Afwjk kwv u v bjk pk pc- w c, m c c, cmp Lkk w vkm m v qu hu h m kwf pc v h h ym j jjk pc p. V w c vwj zk wm. Hv p fzuym vz v mh k, w vu mjk mk. D buk hupff zj vjk k cmb m k w vjk cpuc vm. Opvum u kz j k bchkk m hu v kk k v pmp. Op v k b. B zj f kk m chum m vmp mv vkm. Cm bj h v mm w bpk p c bum. Lkk w vkm h pk ku v. Mch vh kk p w h m NH4OH pv kbk, ump w m chumk vkm. ju 2007 P 20 v 4

24 Vhbhym / Bjfp Am V h ch z vhbhym (VBS) w p. I h VBS km v wp : Rcbh ch Wkvuym Pcu T Mm v v Buwbh v VGWM (Vh, Gzh, Wzj & Mu) kch ym D v (wk m m/cc) Ipc hu Ifm cum Vh zh v p Owp cuc v Icpp, -y fw-up Vb p c/h bu. V w vz bu bf, bjvb bjf, w h VBS v h w h m bj vz mh: vw vkm; z ffcë mjk fh km; v v cm zv mjk ch vkm c.q. mmum bpk; vz v vu w vzk; v v/ch vkm. B D ch bchk v buym (z ) Ubjfm p D chch vuu v REC vwch 25 j. U v h pj 2010 w vwch m 205 bjf z zj. N ppcu z w m p. Op mm z h v z vp, m u fhkjk z zj v km p v Om f zj chpv() R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 21 v 4

25 G- hupff D m bjk b vbukm v REC- zj p j: Tb 4.4- Hupff Hupf vbuk (p j) Numhyx-p (24%) 400 m Av RGR (kk ck) Amm-p (24%) m m W Lch k 150 m p k,.. c f mpgs 0.. ;v u bhf 1 * 60 m ; c. * vu /wk U 2 x 100 m k m KIWA cfc Amm w v vm v 24% mm-p. Gz h jvbuk bpk pcpc v. Op z v uw chj PGS-12, Ammk (vh CPR 1-1, Amm, p v) M-, - wb Gb p bv upu zj h b wv m bjk pcm wp h wp v b Mb m W 400 m Numhyx-p Afv- ff 1900 m Ammkp 150 Akf k 2500 Kk R/k Rk Bm Fuu V G k 6000 RGR-u Mb REC 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 22 v 4

26 Eb Bm (1,9 MW) Ruc (11,5 MW) R/k 10 MW Afvff /j m RGR ECO2 Fuu Tub/ Huk m 400 C /40 b (100 MW) Lv m/wm (79 MW) Ekc (9,5 MW) N k Nm /u, 60C (9,5 MW) Eb REC Wb D vm cv u v k, wbj h buk pcw z w mp pcfvw z bhv w. D w kk v v h bu v kk (bm) w vbuk6. D w hfzkjk fkm v kvkk vh. I mh w hmw v, z buk w mk v b ppvkwvz p h u. E h bkchm wv7. mm m /j Oppvkw m kvk m /j m /j m vh ppvk Sch w buff Buwvz RGR m /j 'Vch' w buff cp Ov bj /w/ kp m /j Okk (fk bm) (: /w// = -wbfch. cp = cpu) Fuu Wb REC w v ch m bu bm (p ) w v vmp. pmk w ch b u v v h v w v k p 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 2 v 4

27 4.5 Em mbpk m I v b zj mupc v REC p cmpm bchv. Z b v ch vwjz. Tb4.5. Mupc REC Mu pc Vwjz Luch Em v k (ch) Oph (u / ffu fm) Mm m v p/v v Gu Ex ub Bm w Bchjv m m bmv vkm 4.5. W Im w v RGR Uu z f ch fvwm p, p ppvkw E Lv m WKC Vh R c p v v m Gff / Hupff V v RGR R- fvff Bm- k V RGR-u Vk vv Av fvff v w h w Afv ff v w h w I hv w bchjv v vwch m v m mh muv R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 24 v 4

28 4.5.1 Luch Em v chmch cmp D REC z chm, p v BBT c.q. ub ym v k (RGR) zv mjk zu w bpk. I b vzch v v hu w z v chm. Tb 4.6 Ovzch m chm REC ( m/nm bj 11 % O2) Cmp Vwch -w Mxmum / G-w BVA- (pv vc) Fj f (PM10) <5 <5 NOx 2) 70 < 70 < 70 CO 0 < 0 < 50 SO2 10 < 50 < 50 HC 2 < 10 < 10 HF 0,2 <1 <1 C T 0,002 1 < 0,05 < 0,05 H 0,01 < 0,05 < 0,05 Sm zw m 0,1 < 0,5 < 0,5 Dx fu ( 0,02 < 0,1 < 0,1 TEQ/Nm) NH < 20 1) m b pm w b javi ( 0,001 m/m, < 0,002 m/m p. 0,017 µ/m) 2) mm vkm Bv D m mw zj b p v cfu v RGR8. Ov zj b m vwchw (v) h mxm jm mcc, h wv v v h mu (p mmcc) hfuk 6 zj f. V uwk w vwz bj Gu D fvbuk u vh, w v v z w p w vhu z p p v (p). H ppvk v buk vh 16,5 x 40 m = 660 m2. D m ucc v uch bv h fv buk 000 /m (m W+B vmb 2006 p Ecpk D W). I m bjf (8000 uu) w uch h fz m w bu vbuch, h w vkm u v h fv bu w ëm. Bj v (760 uu) pk v u, wbj m uujk k v u um k. U v vvb v Nm/uu ub v.000../nm, b um u bvvm p 198 * 106../uu. Ov h pk v vch: bj p z buk mm v zv mjk- w. U ch z m f zk um vjkm. E bj vb v hcch fv (EHA) w v /m hu (ECD, 200). D um b bj kb v Nm/uu m 990 * 106 /uu. Hm wchjjk pk v w c-b c.q. v k vch: v vjkb ( j v AVI-Twc) w pk v mj../uu. Ok bj kkbuk pk v zk m: vkm h MER v Twc (z hbv) w v kkp bj REC w v 40 mj /uu hu. 8 m w k v b j m p u c. q. m v h v b f v. D mxmum-w b p mm w vc v RGR bj wc m v h fvpkk.c. wp-pcfc v REC R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 25 v 4

29 Dffu m v f N m v fj f (PM10) u ch k bj p v v bm ffu m v f. Dz fm zu w vkm bm vkk p z bvch, v bm w v Em j fwjk bjfmh I b 4. w mjk fwjk bjfmh bm w bhm ch. U z b bjk v f cm c uchm v v (buk)b ku. D (RGR-) uu m z.. by-p, w c uchm v k ku vjkm. V ku h buw bpk m v hupff u vkm, ch vu ku w pum. Dz hupff u vm m k vjk cpuc, w m uch zu. Em h w /f bm zj p b v ff m z wchjjk Gu M uw z k uw, ub mh. D p v BBT w vwch uu mv ch f bpk z zj. Z h buw pbuw u b fu v m bv cuc ï ubb umumbp. A bjk /v b w mk: Gub Gum Ovh K RGR-buw Smfb V v c Sm Sch 80 B(A), u 80 B(A), bu 85 B(A), c. mk 108,2 B(A) z upp 90 B(A) D z k m h p h v fvff p h zk um mh. Gub Vchw (15 km/u) Bu/ Pu (0 km/u) Shv Mb k Rchck 4.5. Gum 102,1 B(A) 94,9 B(A) 95,8 B(A) 101,2 B(A) 101,2 B(A) Bm w G p h wch v c.q. ch b REC pjk bmpbuw, zu j buwf ( bpk m) hwkzmh m w vch. D w m v bmbchm vz uu, cfm N Rchj Bmbchm vz (NRB), c A, w pk v vwb c p v v bm w. V buw z v u-uzk w vch R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 26 v 4

30 4.5.4 Oppvkw V k v k RGR (quch) z w hupf w buk. H vbuk b c. 10 m/uu. D p v p v b v w fjk pk v c h k, w b j kv b j f f v w / fb h f w. H h bjf w p ch wbuff (1500 m) p. bjfwbuff (1500 m). D bjfw w buk buw v kk (bm). H w p v w mp hf w. D fvwz bjf m bpk v (mjk) v w m fvw, p mjk. Afz v -wbfch (v h hmw v kp) zj zuvchch vz vz E D m k w pwk (10MW), z v w b ub v WKC w mz pv kc wv uc m fm w F Zu. Tb 4.7. Ev REC Iv fvff -/- v bm -/- v ch -/- vbuk vm ( MWh) ,5 vm ( MW) T ( MW) -,6 88 H m v REC km m p 86%. Iv (vhp) km fm v m vf WKC F m zu pv b bu-e-puc bj WKC ( mbuw) 26,6 MW. D E-puc b 2 MW, wm h ch m v REC/WKC 22,% b. Z v b h vbuk v REC c.,6 MWh. D vbuk zj: k: kwh RGR: kwh K: 200 kwh Sh: 80 kwh Gbuwb : 900 kwh Ex vh V REC z v p- w kz v xpv ppuu f v hupff z mm-p (.p.v. mmk). D zu pcfk f ch p w v zu v bum f w p, jjk zu w ku cfm wjk vchf. I h k v z c-y m mh pkk pvv, ppv m m w uwk. Gz v b-/vwk fvff hupff vm, pvv m m w p c f k c ph b v x v h v w c h R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 27 v 4

31 4.5.7 E- puc T v v REC- z /j bm9. G p m v bf w vwch pk v f ch m z m k w hbuk. D bm z (bu ch) w pwk buwf -zj, wk u k w p. D z c /j E-v vjkm, vwch k buw /f cv u fz z ku w (bjv. puc v f). H u v RGR (c..500 /j) z (vjk) fv m w fv v fv vwj Vk M p '' fvff w f c. 50% v v v w c.q. chp z ku pv. H z k w. Buk w chpv v REC bu z pv ch uu v bw (v vf Hv v V Hxmk u v Tjk Huz hvkm ch Iuhv). Bk m v v 228 k/j fvff f vchw, 1900 zmvu 228 chp mh. Icuf hupff pk v f 25 (vch)w/ 4 chp p wk. M fv v puc ff h c. 6 vch p p m. Iv v ch fv v w p v- pk v mxm 2 chp Lchppjk pbh vch D REC z w pch p b u, c pc bchmz c.q. Wz. Ok m chppjk pbh (v buw h bjc, z ch) b v kz m c mv vjkb h hu ch p j m b wm L Ljb. I bj ch; hu bjk REC /uwjk hzvvu z. Uu v h p z h bjfbuw / pu v h vchvk (m m - zuzj) vch ë w p, wchjjk buw zf. U v h v 4 m vch u v zjk (5 m) h. Rch Wz ch zchb (vz v pch) b v v h RGR-buw. A wkzmh v b p, u k CCR. Hw vchp bchkb, z f, w ch m wchjjk '' umch w buk, vkm bjfc v Om Hv. 9 U v v 1% v h m. Dz hvh cuf % f m (c.q. c /j), v zf w vwj. Dz m w p fv R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 28 v 4

32 Mu-pc j buw D mjk c mu-ffc v buw v REC (juu cc 1,5-2 j) zj v v. Okk v w Tj buw v vch fu v buw m w w kk (b). Vwch w z kk m m b k uu 6 m. Gupuc D um j buw ( v v h m) zu vjkb zj bj buw v k uë bjv. Hw pp bchkb, w v 2000 p (p 15 m) vwch. T p v h m p 6 wk (v m /m vj, uu p). Gf w h buwjp mk v h h kw v 2008, u bu/v h bz. Tj h zm ubz v k k upuc jjk h zj j m bjf. Evbuk Tj buw w vbuk h buwvk -ppuu m h pf v v. D vbuk (v) h vbuk j m bjf Pv mu-pc D bjk pv mupc ku w v : 1. M v bb fv N; Op mm N k vwkcpc v bb fv v m 2 mj (b: SNvm). D f v uc v c. 10% u bb fv N. 2. H vmj v h vbuk f bff; D b WKC w u k p (f bf, u bj bkffc) hf mxm jvbuk v 75 mj Nm/j. D v v m fv ff puc m w h vbuk m c. 90% uc.. Bj CO2-m N; M vb v w CO2 ëm uch. Op b v h hu cp p v h Ky-pc hf WKC CO2-mch. Bj uc v 90% p h vbuk w m CO2 v f p ëm (bb fv b u c. 50% bm, u c v fkm v bm) R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 29 v 4

33 4.6 V v ( v) vm cv V p hmch vwk A hmch cvchk z pyy v ch b hfuk 2. A k p wvbvb. Z v km v z () v v Om v v uwk mk V v k I D m v k w vkm m uch pv. E k, z bjvb bj fvvb w p, b chv u v : vb v k, ff, v kch f f mu-cyc, kych f -kych NOx vwj, zu w, w vmjk mmk w fch, bch w, w zu cmp w fch, vu m v h vwj v x, z cf-kf, fvwbh v v b v w, vf z. D k v REC km v m v AVI. D vch u k v AVI v REC zj v: w zu w p. H h ff zu w w fch ( hfzk mmk, m, hyx) z f fwz, zu w v REC v w hf; b v kch w w p v puc bhf m w. Dm vm cv v BBT vchjf R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 0 v 4

34 V RGR: (MMA 1) D j w m m v p p v ym m zu cmp u k vwj. D wkk v z chk z v uw w uu m ym. V zv bk zj bmc j Du zj buw uu m ym. Hm k z pbm Eup chj w v. O k u w u b v f v v b ( AVI ) N w m RGR uv ( j Twc, BKB Dfzj) Bj ym w bb. k bz, m k m vv fch p kf. Kw km h p w ( m mh p) u vm cfu w chp v p c w p. Fuu 4.1- Schmch wv RGR (b: Em.v/LUSS) Tp v ym hf zw v-. V v ym pzch v w zj: h ym vu cmpc; vk zj ; fvw. Iv v REC k k p w vm; h bk v pum p ch vu chppjk pu b; h ym z buu hf v m pc fwjk pcc v; h RGR-u k w cyc (uw umbcb). N v ym zj: vwj v zu cmp (z HF, HC) v NH m, vk m w: Tb 4.8 Ovzch vwchw bj RGR ( m/nm bj 11 % O2) Cmp Vwch-w m- (VA) ,8 0,2 SO2 HC HF 1 BVA- < 50 < 10 <1 z b 4.6 h vbuk v chmcë (bb) (c. 50%) R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 1 v 4

35 V RGR: SCR p v SNCR (MMA 2) G p uk h z hu uchkw N- vu h Bu Luchkw p m m f NOx w, h MER zch f m chk wch () mcc zu w bk. I w hbj m m ch p v SCR p v SNCR. Bj h SCR-pc ( Scv Cyc Ruc ) w NOx v v NH f uum uc N2 H2O wzh v ky v cchm: 4NO + 4NH + O2 4 N2 + 6H2O 2NO2 + 4NH + O2 N2 + 6H2O Fuu Schmch wv kych DNOx (b: Em.v/LUSS) D pm pcmpuu h b C, fhkjk v ky. A ky w v x v vum, wfm, myb f m buk, m x m. H fchm v cv kych uc (SCR) v kfx v () h v -kych uc. V h v MER u v m v 60 m/nm jm. Bv k k vm NH m w m NH w bk (< 5 m/nm). Bjkm v ch v, v zv wz f (z m x), w fbk (z p f BREF fvvb ) V RGR: chvh (MMA ) Z v b vm chh 55 m; 11 m h mxm h p v h v bmmp k w. D vh v ch w v b pm mf w p fvu mmcc p. E vh 70 m jk jkwj chch mjk. E chh (44 m) ch chppjk b pb vm v bmm h k v h bmmp R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P 2 v 4

36 4.6. Ov pvv m m Gu T z v vu ubpk m (MMA 4) v REC h ffc v v m bp. A. p v mp p v m k uc v 10 B; B. h v h kk cmb m h mk v zf, uc v 10 B; C. vp v cv v éé v chp v ch- p D. H vh v w v buwmhu m 5 B. H m v m mb b u p ch pkch bzw w hv v mm E H mpm f hvh m (MMA 5) M z h b N (z hfuk 2) h w m REC z h mjk ch m w bk. D vm cv b z h mjk ch m, m vw v h bjfzkh. H m v c kpp p mmpuu: h mmpu ( -ukk) v h m b j z f p u. N v h mp m c h c pp b m m c kvvu zjk m. I vb h chch wp um v vh v mpm wbj w w p h v v c k. Z v w mpm v v vm cv 400 C 40 b. D p v pc (Ic) k p k x vvh (fk OVO) ku v w w bk: T: 460 C uk: 87 b. D kz uk v 87 b b p pm wk v b ub, z hf wkuk v 85 b. D vvh m hf bj u v x vvh uk v 87 b mpuu v 460 C. Ok z v h MER uwk (MMA5) R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007 P v 4

37 4.7 Av v vm cv Am Cfm hfuk 7.4 v W mubh h MER bchjv w v v vm cv m v mu-ffc v. Kch b v v vm cv, jkwj bchuw w m, w uwk m mu-ffc v zchjk w mk. I vb zu h MER v v w : H uf I h uf w REC m z v 228 k/j bb fv Om H. I v z zj bhf (bjv) b b /f wkk zj vwkmjkh zj z ( F Zu) bjv v f bff. Az muv v v fzmjkh v hv fvff k w bp wjz v uv p cpcfk mh, kwv vu mjk. Dhv z h MER h k v h u-f uu ch b mukw c mv. Dz w bp hu cv h b m um wkk v (z hfuk 5) M muvjk f (kuz u v) H m muvjk f (MMA) b u cmb v h vm vu m f m v v v h pc, ch p pm bchm v h mu. I hfuk 4.6 zj mjkh bm ujk / v h MMA, h MER zj bchv: Tb 4.9. Omchjv M muvjk f mchjv p ym v RGR p SCR.p.v. SNCR ffc chh p ubpk m vh mpm 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) mv pum h bjfzkh/buu pc v m NOx v mmcc p. b pbh v um h ch m; c p h mpuu-chc ju 2007 P 4 v 4

38 Bj (vv) 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007

39 Bj Ichk m vp p y-u 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007

40 Bj 4. - Lchppjk p REC 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007

41 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007

42 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007

43 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007

44 Bj Uwk m-cjf V vm cv v wk mw v REC upu zj h. D v w km v m wjk u h Bu vb fvff, m v v CO vkm BREF Afvvb- mw z w h. Nukkjk w v h pk v m w: u p v 24 uu m m m h zj w. V NOx w mm h. T b ku v v v v v h mu REC ch ch w mk v jm mvu: v mukwm hbb mm bkk p jm cc. I Op BREF Afvvb p h v pmk: E b fum vch u mw h mvu. E mvu f mcc zj bj w BBT w p. H h m m cc zj wm m bjfvc bj p v BBT vch (up) u. E mvu w m uuk bb I z bb zj p v, pp, hu cm bp. Bj h v v mw w p v, pp cm bu bchuw. E w w k hu m: pcfk u (w bb bv zch bff p?), ; b pkjk, wbj hu, k ku m p (ku) chmm bjfv ch vh m ku vzk. D mw f bj wk mcc, ccu m w m fuc f w bv. D hu m- h Bv (..) zj vmm m bv v bb v mvu BREFWI. (..) Az REC k buk w mk v vcjf. Dhv zj vwchw v jm m f, m p b v mv. I b vzch v v vwchw v REC zw bj m- k (vm cv; VA) v k ( MMA1 ) z j m c j f v AVI v w bmc (BEC) ch. U b bjk v REC bv hu v h c.q. vwch z w bk. D m z f h vwchw vpbk muv (z hfuk 6) f (: zk ku v ), h v MER h mxm mub ch. I h cu v m Om pkjk wkjk k w bk, zu muv m m w/zj R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007

45 T w h v pmk. Z ch v REC m p v m- k BBT, vkm BREF Afvvb (z v bj.. v MER). D k kz w v ym v v k (MMA 1), k h f h m SO2, HF HC p. Tj bppcu muvu v vb v pumvm Mjk hf Af buuchpk h v vw (R v S, 2007). D Af v vw zch ch p h pu hf h BREF WI k z m bb mk, m h bv z um b m fw v vch mu-pc bjvb uchm, wvbuk vbuk kuz mk u z kym. I hfuk 5, p. 440, v h BREF WI mjk: "W FGT (fu m) ym y hv h hh bp cpcy v h w m v f h ubc, bu y m xpv. S Tb 5. f c f c f c bw h m FGT ym, cu c-m mpc." U z b bjk k v m ym w h mu bf v- kv. Z ym v k m uch ym v k, m m ym p m m v z v fvw. App hbb mjk mk vw zch jkh p h pu hf ku k v k w mk bb. A pp, km mw h Bv v ff HC, HF SO2 zj pm, bj p v k v m h BREF WI pm p bj p v bb. V REC m k k zf w v, m v bjk v h () h bk v zchb pum, (b) b pm v f mf (c) h ch m (z v hfuk 7) R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) ju 2007

46 Ovzch vwchw REC vjk m vb. Pm Fj f (PM 10) BVA * NOx 70 ** CO SO2 vwchw REC-VA REC-MMA1 m HC 10 2 HF 1 0,2 CxHy 10 5 C T 0,05 0,002 H 0,05 0,01 Sm zw m 0,5 0,1 0,1 0,02 Dx fu ( TEQ/Nm ) NH m * mm ** 06040R.MER.H4(vm cv)(f) 8 0,8 5 0,01 0,01 0,1 0,02 0,2 2,2 0,9 1,1 0, ,1 58,0 15 1,1 0,1 0,1 0, 9,6,5 0,2,8 4 1,5 0,1 0,9 < 0,005 0,02 TwcT AVI-W Twc HVC-BEC Twc-BEC Av Vu AVI' 200 mx m. < 0,01 0,0 < 0,01 0,14 0,0.b..b , ,75 1 0,7 0,8 0,0 0,1 0,9,7 0,0006 < 0,002 0,002 < 0,002 0,01 < 0,00 0,015 0,009 0,6 10 0,2 1 0,01 0,005 0,05 0, ,5 5 0,0 0,02 0, 0, ,5 5 0,01 0,005 0,05 0,02 5 0,2 0,01 0,005 0,05 0,02 ju 2007