Huygens Institute - Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)

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1 Huygens Institute - Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) Citation: J.A.A. Ketelaar & G. Dijkstra, Levensbericht I.M. Kolthoff, in: Levensberichten en herdenkingen, 1997, Amsterdam, pp This PDF was made on 24 September 2010, from the 'Digital Library' of the Dutch History of Science Web Center ( > 'Digital Library > Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW),

2 Levensbericht door I.A.A. Ketelaar en G. Dijkstra Izaak Maurits Kolthoff 11 februari maart 1993 [zaak Maurits Kolthoff

3 Izaak Maurits Kolthoff, correspondent van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen sedert 1950, werd op 11 februari 1884 geboren uit een bekende Twentse textielfamilie. Zijn actieve beoefening van de scheikunde begon in zijn HBs-tijd en zette zich voort tot zijn overlijden in Minneapolis in Toen was het aantal van zijn wetenschappelijke publicaties de duizend gepasseerd. Daarbij dient vermeld te worden dat hij volgens algemeen getuigenis persoonlijk de hand had in elk daarvan. Kolthoff was zeventien jaar toen hij in Utrecht de studie in de farmacie aanving - scheikunde kon niet, daarvoor was toen nog een gymnasiumdiploma nodig. Hij werd leerling van Schoorl, de hoogleraar in de analytische scheikunde en farmacologie. Via deze onderging hij de invloed van Wilhelm Ostwald, die de fysische scheikunde als grondslag voor de analytische methoden propageerde, en van S0ren S0rensen, die kort daarvoor de ph gedefinieerd had. Ook Hugo Kruyts colloïd-chemische werk in het aangrenzende laboratorium had een duidelijk aanwijsbare invloed op Kolthoffs inzichten in bijvoorbeeld precipitatiemechanismen. In 1918 promoveerde Kolthoff op een proefschrift over jodometrische analyse. Hij was daarna dertien jaar conservator en privaatdocent aan Schoorls laboratorium. Hij wijdde zich vooral aan studie van de theoretische grondslagen van de titrimetrie. Zijn lange reeks boeken ving aan met Der Gebrauch von Farbindikatoren (1922), gevolgd door Konduktometrische Titrationen (1923), en Die Massanalyse, (1927). In 1924 maakte hij een reis door de Verenigde Staten, waar hij S0rensen, Donnan, Van Slyke en Langmuir bezocht. In 1927 werd hij benoemd tot hoogleraar en hoofd van het analytisch-chemische laboratorium aan de universiteit van Minnesota. Kolthoff werd er de vader van de analytische scheikunde in de Verenigde Staten, doordat hij aan alle takken van de klassieke analyse bijdroeg door de fysisch-chemische onderbouwing ervan. De grote invloed van zijn werk werd mede bepaald doordat hij persoonlijk alles in het laboratorium beproefde. Naast de bestaande analysemethoden zoals ph-meting, conductometrie en volumetrische analyse voerde hij nieuwe methoden in, zoals de polarografie. Hij was een persoonlijke vriend van Heyrovsky. Samen met E.B. Sandell schreef hij zijn meerdelige standaardwerk Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, dat wereldwijd wordt gebruikt. Daarnaast schreef hij een tiental werken op deelgebieden die talrijke drukken beleefden. Hij was een goed didacticus, een ongeduldige stimulator voor zijn studenten. Bovendien was hij ook altijd bereid ze persoonlijk terzijde te staan. Veel van zijn leerlingen, zoals Laitinen en Lingane maakten zelf naam in het vak. Kolthoff was een vriendelijke persoonlijkheid, altijd bereid bezoekers zijn laboratorium te laten zien, zijn universiteit en de omgeving. Hij hield van paardrijden, tennis en zwemmen; het laatste ook in Scheveningen, waar hij graag verbleef. lzaak Maurits Kolthoff

4 Hij onderhield geregeld contact met zijn familie, van wie overigens velen in de oorlog waren omgekomen. Kolthoff was maatschappelijk geëngageerd, hielp in de jaren dertig gevluchte wetenschappers uit Duitsland om een plaats te vinden in de Verenigde Staten, en keerde zich tegen de communistenjacht van MacCarthy. Aan de oorlogsinspanning droeg hij bij door studies over het polymerisatiegedrag van synthetische rubber - essentieel voor de geallieerden omdat vrijwel alle productiegebieden van natuurrubber in handen van Japan waren gevallen. Daarbij kwam Kolthoffs kennis van de colloïdchemie uit de school van Kruyt hem te stade. Aan Kolthoff is veelvuldig eer betoond door universiteiten en wetenschappelijke lichamen. In Nederland werd hem de Orde van Oranje Nassau verleend en een eredoctoraat in Groningen (1964). In het Went-gebouw van de Utrechtse universiteit herinnert een bronzen beeltenis aan deze unieke scheikundige. Izaak Maurits Kolthoff

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