Annual report Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute

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1 Annual report 2008 Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute NIDI is an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) P.O. Box AR The Hague The Netherlands Lange Houtstraat CV The Hague The Hague, May 2009

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3 Contents 1. Mission and scope Research The Social Demography Department (SoDem) The early stages of the life course The later stages of the life course Intergenerational Relations Policy Contexts The Projections, Migration and Health Department (PMH) Population Projections and Models Migration and Integration Health Performance NIDI Scientific Output in...18

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5 1. Mission and scope NIDI s mission is to build and maintain a knowledge infrastructure for population issues. This mission takes shape by conducting high-quality scientific research into population issues (our core activity) and disseminating population information to stakeholders in academia, policy and society at large. NIDI seeks to further strengthen its position as a unique national and leading international institute for population studies. This requires that it is firmly embedded in national and international networks. In the Netherlands it does so through focused collaboration with universities and policy makers, such as government ministries and policy analysis agencies. While continuing to have a solid grounding in the Netherlands, NIDI aspires to secure a position as a European centre of excellence in the face of a changing academic research environment in Europe: a shared and highly competitive European Research Area. NIDI participates actively in EU Framework Programmes, initiatives of the European Research Council and the European Science Foundation and in policy research commissioned by the European Commission and the United Nations. The Institute also contributes actively to education and training as part of national and international programmes. 2. Research NIDI research is carried out in two research departments. Research projects are carried out by flexible teams of researchers. The composition of these teams may involve researchers from both departments and depends entirely on the subject matter of the project. The overriding theme of our research programme is Lives in Contexts. Population structure and trends are the result of the behaviour of individuals, couples, families and households. The population we observe today is the outcome of past demographic processes. To understand demographic trends at the macro level we need to understand demographic behaviour at the micro level. For the latter, insight is needed into the influence of the social context on behaviour. In short, lives need to be studied in their context and since this context consists of many dimensions and has different levels, we speak about contexts.

6 6 This overall theme is broken down into a number of research strands. Early stages in the life course, Later stages in the life course and Intergenerational Relations focus on major life course transitions and interdependencies and are the backbone of the Social Demography Department. Social issues that are addressed in these strands include the transition to adulthood, the process of retirement and the social ties that bind. In the PMH Department future demographic trends and impacts are dealt with in the Projections and Models strand, while two major social issues are at the core of the Migration and Integration and Health strands. Social and policy implications are addressed in all research strands. The analysis of policy implications of current and future demographic trends is concentrated in the research strand Policy Contexts The Social Demography Department (SoDem) Research in the Social Demography Department has three aims. First, it seeks to describe demographic changes by monitoring changes in the occurrence and timing of demographic events and in the interrelatedness of events. Second, it wishes to explain these changes by using the life-course perspective as a theoretical framework to integrate contributions from several scientific disciplines, by applying state-of-the-art methodology and by collecting and analysing longitudinal datasets. Third, it seeks to illuminate the social impacts of demographic changes by focusing on both the micro- and the macro-consequences of changing life courses. The activities of the SoDem department are structured in four research strands. The first two strands focus on the study of two demographically and socially dense periods in the life course: the early stages of the life course, with the transition to adulthood at its core, and the later stages of the life course, with the so-called third age i.e. the life phase starting with retirement at its core. The third strand focuses on intergenerational relationships. The common denominator of these strands is the linked lives dimension of the life-course perspective. A fourth strand addresses the interplay of population trends and policies (the social time and historical time dimension of the life-course perspective).

7 The early stages of the life course Young adulthood is a crucial life phase in which men and women take decisions in the family and work domains that have far-reaching consequences for their future life courses. NIDI research on the life courses of young adults takes both the micro- and the macro-context of demographic decisions into account and focuses on the processes of leaving home, union formation, parenthood and divorce. Projects that were carried out in 2008 include the following: Reproductive decision-making in a macro-micro perspective (REPRO)(Liefbroer, Merz) The Timing of life. Understanding cross-national differences in the organization of the life course in Europe (LIFETIMING) (Liefbroer, Rijken) The following PhD project is executed in the this research strand: -- Life-course trajectories and well-being among young adults (Liefbroer, Soons) The Demography of Young Adults and Intergenerational Transmission (Liefbroer) Nuptiality in the Netherlands, (Van Poppel) The later stages of the life course The Third Age is an eventful period in the life course where older adults experience transitions in several life domains such as work and family. NIDI research on this life stage focuses on the causes and consequences of the transition from work to retirement. Set against the backdrop of an ageing population and workforce and policies to raise the labour force participation of the elderly, individual retirement planning is an important issue in the Netherlands, also in view of increasing individual responsibility of workers for their retirement planning and savings. NIDI research explicitly pays attention to the social context of the labour market behaviour of older adults. Projects that were carried out in 2008 include the following: The Process of Retirement. A dynamic and multi actor perspective (VIDI) (Henkens, Van Solinge) The following studies are executed in the framework of the VIDI project: -- Getting a Grip on Extending Working Life (Henkens, Van Solinge, Van Dalen) -- Re-entering the labour force by retirees (Henkens, Van Dalen)

8 8 Activating Senior Potential in Ageing Europe (ASPA) (Henkens, Van Dalen, Conen) Intergenerational Relations This research strand focuses on intergenerational relations, family networks and demographic behaviour. It benefits substantially from the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (NKPS). In this large-scale survey of family relationships in the Netherlands, data from various family members were collected twice over the course of a period of three years. The panel design allows the study of how and to what extent intergenerational relations and solidarity manifest themselves and change within families. In the Generations and Gender Programme similar issues are addressed in a series of nationally comparative panel surveys and contextual databases. In 2007 the NKPS joined the GGP. Participation in the GGP enables analyses of Dutch family networks and demographic behaviour in an international context. NIDI is currently coordinating GGP. This research strand also has an ageing focus looking at how individual experiences and the events that take place during the life course affect well-being in later life. The causes and implications of the diversity in life courses of older adults are also studied, as well as intergenerational relations. Projects that were carried out in 2008 include the following: Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (NKPS) (Dykstra, Liefbroer, Merz, Starink, Schenk) The following PhD projects are currently being executed at NIDI in the framework of NKPS: -- Intergenerational transmission of work-family patterns and exchange of support between parents and children (Dykstra, Van Putten) -- Antecedents and consequences of childlessness (Dykstra, Keizer) Generations and Gender Programme: A European research infrastructure on the causes and consequences of demographic developments (Gender 2007) (Dykstra, Liefbroer, Kveder, Schenk, Beets) Multilinks. How demographic changes shape intergeneratio- nal solidarity, well-being and social integration: a multilink s framework (Dykstra, Liefbroer, Schenk) The following PhD project is currently being executed at NIDI in the framework of Multilinks:

9 9 -- Family solidarity in aging societies) (Dykstra, Schenk) Major Ageing and Gender Issues in Europe (MAGGIE) (Dykstra, Fokkema) Policy Contexts The social context in which the life course develops is partly shaped by policy interventions that necessitate to study the interplay of demographic trends and demographic behaviour and policy. Research in this strand aims to be supportive to evidence-based policy making and analyzes policy implications of current and future demographic trends as well as attitudes about population issues and their policy implications. Projects that were carried out in 2008 include the following: Population Issues in the Netherlands (WPRB 2009)(Van Nimwegen, Heering, Beets, Henkens, Van Dalen) Demography Network of the EU Social Situation Observatory (DemoNet)(Van Nimwegen, Van der Erf, Merz, Heering) The Projections, Migration and Health Department 2.2. (PMH) In the PMH Department the overall theme of Lives in Contexts is elaborated in three related research strands: Population Projections and Models, Migration and Integration, and Health. The models and methods that are developed and applied aim to improve population and health projections, to estimate international migration flows and to assess the impact of health and other interventions. NIDI research focuses on interdisciplinary analyses that take the multiple causes and consequences of demographic change into account. In the research strand Population Projections and Models, research activities include the development and application of demographic models as well as analyses of the causes of demographic changes. The models are applied both to demographic projections and to assessing the economic and social consequences of demographic changes. The projection models developed are multistate models. International migration plays a major part in shaping the demographic future and thus the second research strand focuses on international migration and the integration of migrants in Europe. Both substantive and methodological issues are addressed. The third research strand

10 10 focuses on health and includes both analyses of health status and health care. The impact of risk factors, such as smoking and obesity, on health and healthcare is analysed. Also the impact of health systems on health care is studied with a focus on financial information which is crucial to understand the performance of health systems Population Projections and Models The focus of this research strand is the development of population projections and models. In order to improve the quality of population projections broken down by various characteristics, NIDI research focuses on the development and application of multistate models. In these models the distribution of people among so-called states (marital status, employment status, health status etc.) is the outcome of transitions people make in their life course. Multistate models are dynamic models: individuals move between states (e.g. from being single to married, from unemployed to employed, from healthy to unhealthy) and as a consequence the structure of the population changes. A major advantage of dynamic models is that they reflect more closely the process of demographic change in the real world. As a result, they are better suited for integrated population projections and for assessing the impact of behavioural change on population dynamics. As multistate models project the population on the basis of transitions that individuals make in life, such models fit well in the NIDI strategy where the life course approach is central to explaining demographic behaviour. Projects that were carried out in 2008 include the following: Bridging the micro-macro gap in population forecasting (MicMac) (Van der Gaag, De Beer, Willekens, Ekamper, Bijwaard) Social Statistical Information System and Population Census Aruba (Aruba 2010) (Eelens) The following PhD project is carried out in this research strand: -- Microsimulation Huisman) model SIMFIRMS 3 (Van Wissen, Migration and Integration The quality of migration statistics in many European countries is still poor. NIDI activities focus on how to improve the quality and comparability of migration statistics. For this purpose NIDI develops methods to accurately estimate missing data in order to generate a synthetic database on international migration in Europe. As the

11 11 number of international migrants has increased, immigration and integration issues have gained importance. Many immigrants have a relatively low level of educational attainment. This affects not only the integration of the immigrants themselves but also that of their children (the so-called second generation). Projects that were carried out in 2008 include the following: Modelling migration and migrant populations (MIMOSA) (De Beer, Van der Erf, Ekamper, Willekens, Bijwaard) The following PhD project is carried out in the context of this research strand: -- Estimation of international migration flows in Europe (Willekens, Nowok) Demographic and Migratory Flows affecting European Regions and Cities (DEMIFER) (De Beer, Van der Gaag, Ekamper, Van der Erf) The Integration of the European Second Generation (TIES) (Heering, Groenewold, Fokkema, vacancy) The following PhD project is carried out in the context of this research strand: -- Partner choice and union formation of second-generation migrants (Liefbroer, Huschek) Health The focus of this theme is on health systems with an emphasis on the performance of these systems and an analysis of risk factors and interventions on health and healthcare costs. As financial transactions are a major component of the functioning of health systems it is important to analyse financial flows, notably with respect to reproductive health. NIDI has charted global resource flows for population activities since 1997 in the context of reviewing progress towards the achievement of goals set at the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD, Cairo 1994) and its follow-up. Projects that were carried out in 2008 include the following: Financial Resource Flows for Population and AIDS activities (RF)(Micevska, Beekink, Ernsten, Starink, Willekens) Demography-Epidemiology-Actuariat (DEA) (Willekens, Reuser, Bonneux

12 12 The following PhD project is executed in the framework of DEA: -- The impact of risk factors on active life expectancy (Willekens, Reuser, Bonneux) Assessing Needs for Care in European Nations (ANCIEN) (Bonneux, Willekens) The long-term development of public health (Van Poppel, Ekamper, Liefbroer) 3. Performance In 2008 NIDI was evaluated by an international team of experts. The full documentastion, including the NIDI self-assessment, the report of the Evaluation Committee, NIDI s response, the comments by NIDI s Scientific Advisory Board and the response by the Board and Management of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) are available on the NIDI website ( nidi.knaw.nl/en/organisation). The institute as a whole was judged as very good to excellent, while the quality, productivity and relevance of our activities were all ranked as very good. Other qualifications regarding e.g. the effectiveness of the leadership and its openness to bottom-up initiatives, the outreach to the general public, as well as the high level of cohesion within the institute and the strong solidarity between departments were also very positive. The Committee s evaluation was gladly accepted by the management to be fully supportive of the scientific refocusing and repositioning of the institute that has taken place in recent years and which was fortunate to build on the very rich heritage of NIDI. Obviously the Committee shared the view of NIDI that the scientific course of the institute, as set out in our strategy with its shared approach, its interdisciplinary perspective, its international orientation and its balanced scope, is a good one and needs to be pursued in the coming years. We are fully committed to further implement this strategy taking the Committee s recommendations into account. The lives in contexts approach met with approval of the Committee and will be continued. NIDI agreed that the contexts in and the (spatial) scale on which life courses are being studied need further specification; in our view the specification of context fully depends on the research question that needs to be answered. Nevertheless,

13 13 households, the family and institutions at the country level are the most important contexts in our current research while regional and municipal level contexts receive less attention. The Committee stressed the importance of multistate demography and recommended that multistate models should be applied to more research topics. We agree that this methodology is very important in demography and for NIDI. Within the PMH department multistate models are being applied to both population projections and health research and they will be applied to migration research. The Committee judged our productivity to be very good. The self assessment illustrates that our overall scientific output, including that in the highest ranked categories, has shown a healthy growth over the past years. It also shows that an increasing number of staff members participate in our scientific production. The Board and management of the Academy welcomed the fact that the institute as a whole was judged as very good to excellent, whereby all relevant subtopics as indicated by the Standard Evaluation Protocol (SEP) were evaluated with the score very good. According to the Academy this showed the effectiveness of the new direction that was chosen by the NIDI management after the evaluation in In that evaluation NIDI was advised to strengthen its analytical research and to increase the scientific output. In the view of the Academy this had clearly taken place, and the KNAW highly appreciated the work that had been performed by the NIDI management to reach this successfull new stage in the scientific development of the institute. This development took place in a period, characterized by relevant problems in terms of budget and organization. The fact that the changes in scientific scope and organizational structure took place without disturbing the social cohesion within the institute is a remarkable achievement. Some key events NIDI depends largely (50 per cent) on external funding. The Institute has shown to be increasingly effective in acquiring projects that are in keeping with NIDI s mission. After the succesful acquisition in 2007 when four out of four research proposals in the 7 th Framework Programme of the European Commission (FP7) were granted, also the year 2008 saw the start of some important new projects. The project Estimates of long

14 14 term care needs (Ancien) was granted in FP7. The objectives of this project are to review the long-term care (LTC) systems in EU member states, to assess the actual and future numbers of elderly care-dependent people in selected countries and to develop a methodology for comprehensive analysis of actual and future LTC needs and provisions across European countries. The task of NIDI is the forecasting of LTC needs in the ageing European population. Changing lifestyles tend to decrease mortality of rapidly fatal diseases and disability at the expense of increases in non-fatal disorders. Improved care and health care extend survival of frail, disabled elderly. From the start of this international programme, NIDI has been involved in the Generations and Gender Programme (GGP), a system of nationally comparative surveys and contextual databases, which is aimed at improving the knowledge base for policy-making in UNECE countries. In some ways NKPS can be viewed as a forerunner to and a source of inspiration for the GGP and in 2007 NKPS joined GGP. Participation in GGP enables analyses of Dutch family networks and demographic behaviour in an international context. Furthermore, the impact of policy and welfare regimes on demographic behaviour, labour market participation, and care to older and younger family generations can be studied. To enhance international comparability, NKPS data are currently being harmonised with the GGP as part of NIDI s ongoing commitment to this international programme. NIDI was part of an international consortium that succeeded in acquiring multi-year funding under the 7 th Framework Programme of the EU to further elaborate the GGP (GENDER2007). NIDI is currently leading this EU infrastructure project which started in January In 2008 the US National Institute of Ageing (NIA) provided support for a study on the long-term impact of famine on health using historical data; this project, which will run until 2013, will be executed in collaboration with Lumey (Columbia University), who was a fellow at NIAS in the period Demographic and socio-economic trends and policy impacts are monitored in the framework of the Social Situation Observatory of the European Commission which aims to inform the social policy debate in the European Union. NIDI is leading the new Demography Network (DemoNet) of the Observatory which further consists of the Institut National d Etudes Démographi-

15 15 ques (INED, Paris), the Vienna Institute for Demography (VID, Vienna) and the Rostock Center for the Study of Demographic Change (RCDC, Rostock) a partnership of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research and the University of Rostock. The primary task of the Demography Network is to monitor social and demographic trends in the European Union from a comparative perspective, to provide policy-relevant analysis of these trends, their determinants and implications and to monitor key policy-relevant research findings. Also in 2008 a joint research proposal of NIDI and the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL) was granted to assess the effects of demographic trends and migration flows on European regions and cities and to examine the implications for regional competitiveness and European social cohesion, taking into account possible effects of climate change. The project Demographic and Migratory Flows affecting European Regions and Cities (DEMIFER) examines the effects of demographic developments and migration flows for various types of regions. In order to assess the effects of future demographic and migration developments on the structure of the population and the labour force in European regions alternative scenarios will be developed. These scenarios will be based on analyses of the causes and consequences of migration and will show the impact of future internal migration, international migration, natural population development and labour force participation on the growth and ageing of regional population and labour force. Demifer is carried out by a consortium of research institutes led by NIDI and further consisting of the University of Vienna, Austria, the International Organization for Migration/Central European Forum for Migration and Population Research (IOM/CEFMR, Poland), the University of Leeds/School of Geography, United Kingdom, the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, the Nordic Centre for Spatial Development (Nordregio, Sweden), and the National Research Council (CNR, Italy). In 2008 the special chair in Kinship Demography at the University of Utrecht was prolonged for another period of five years as from 1 March Pearl Dykstra was re-appointed on this chair which in addition to teaching now also includes research. Tineke Fokkema spent her sabbatical in Morocco, where she elaborated a new research topic regarding the well being of older

16 16 Moroccan return migrants. She also worked on the views of young Moroccans about Europe. Helga de Valk was invited to occupy the DAAD Chair for International Comparative Studies in Social Sciences in Bremen in the winter semester of 2008 and to be guest lecturer at the Graduate School for Social Sciences of Bremen University in the Centre of Advanced Studies in Delmenhorst. Per 1 October Helga de Valk left NIDI and took up the position of assistant professor at the Social Research Department/Interface Demography of Vrije Universiteit Brussel In the second half of 2008 Frans van Poppel spent his sabbatical at the Australian Demographic and Social Research Institute (ADSRI) of the Australian National University in Canberra where he studied the role of medical doctors in the mortality and fertility decline and attitudes regarding the shifting borders between life and death in early childhood. A demographic study of the members of the Royal Academy by former NIDI Director Dirk van de Kaa in collaboration with former NIDI colleague Yves de Roo was published in 2008 in the book series Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. The very successful 2008 European Population Conference of the European Association for Population Studies (EAPS) in Barcelona attracted more participants and good quality papers and posters than ever before. NIDI is one of the major supporters of EAPS, which organization is hosted by NIDI. Organization Staff. As per 1 January 2009, NIDI has about 50 staff members (44.3 full-time equivalents, FTEs). In addition to the Directorate (2 FTEs), our research programme is carried out by two research departments. The Social Demography Department (SoDem 15.8 FTEs), headed by Kène Henkens and Aat Liefbroer and the Projections, Migration and Health Department (PMH, 16.0 FTEs) headed by Joop de Beer. The Support Department (12.5 FTEs) is led by Nico van Nimwegen and is responsible for all services in support of the scientific activities. Finance. The Operating Statement for the year 2008 showed a positive balance of some Euro, indicating a sound financial position.

17 17 Training. In 2008 and as a follow up to the external evaluation, a new training policy was developed, stressing the need for continuous investments in human capital development. In this policy, training is viewed in a life course perspective (permanent education) where focused training is meant to increase professionalism and will enable both NIDI and its staff to achieve their objectives in an increasingly competitive environment through enhanced employability. Management. When NIDI joined the Academy in 2003 a temporary Supervisory Committee ( Stichting Toezicht Convenant NIDI ) was created to oversee the implementation of the agreement governing the affiliation of NIDI to the Academy. The Committee consisted of the members of the former Board of NIDI with drs. W.J. Deetman as Chair, dr. G. Elzinga as Vice-Chair, drs. P.H.M. Kuys as Treasurer and professor dr. J.A. van Ginkel and dr. A.D. Wolff-Albers as members. After an extensive review the Committee concluded that the affiliation of NIDI with the Academy had gone smoothly where NIDI had secured a firm position within the Academy. The disbanding of the Supervisory Committee in February 2008 illustrated that also the last ties with the old NIDI were cut loose. Table 1 gives an overview of management indicators 4. NIDI Scientific Output in 2008 This chapter summarizes the scientific output of NIDI in the year The output is classified in two ways. In the first section the output is presented according to the criteria agreed upon in the Standard Evaluation Protocol for public research organizations in the Netherlands (SEP). This section comprises the following categories of output: 1. Academic Publications, including articles in refereed (top) Journals (1a), articles in other Journals (1b), and book chapters (1c). 2. Monographs and books. 3. PhD theses. 4. Professional publications and products, including scientific dissemination articles in Demos (4a), other reports (4b), software,

18 18 Table 1: Management Indicators Staff and Finance Total Staff (fte*) 46,4 46,5 43,8 41,3 Staff employed by KNAW (fte*) 46,4 44,5 43,8 41,3 Other Staff 0 2,0 0 0 Proportion scientific staff 65,7 63,0 63,5 67,5 Proportion temporary staff 20,7 16,4 20,8 22,4 PhD trainees (fte*) 3,0 2,0 3,8 5,3 Realized Income 4,232 5,320 4,788 3,767 Share of funding by Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) % 9,5 22,0 15,7 2,4 Share of funding by governmental and non-governmental organizations other than the Dutch Ministry of Education and Science (third-party funding) % 43,8 39,0 37,2 36,5 Research Scientific publications PhD dissertations a Average research commitment (fte*) 32,4 34,8 26,1 24,6 Academic Chairs of staff employed by KNAW *fte: full time equivalent realized available manpower: weighted average. a External PhD s which where (co-) supervised by NIDI are included here. databases, CD s, questionnaires (4c), book reviews (4d) and articles in other media (4e). In the second section, other professional output of NIDI is presented to complement the picture presented in the SEP classification. To reflect NIDI s broad mission, this professional output is subdivided into science oriented and society/policy oriented, as follows: 5. Other professional SCIENCE oriented output, including academic chairs, editorships of journals, editorships of books, referees/discussants, courses/classes taught, PhDs

19 19 supervised, research trainees supervised, workshops/seminars organized and working papers/conference papers (5a). Other professional SOCIETY/POLICY oriented, output, including committees and boards, advising and consultancies (note that this section was integrated in the former from 2008 onwards), lectures and presentations, press releases /newsletters and media coverage/ NIDI in the media (5b). A summary overview of the scientific output of NIDI is presented in Table 2 where the 2008 data are presented in the perspective of the trends since the year The data for 2008 indicate that NIDI was able to maintain the level of productivity which had seen an overall increase in recent years and especially over the period under review (see also New Balance, Self Assessment NIDI 2007).

20 20 Table 2: NIDI output Academic publications* a in refereed journals - of which in SSCI** indexed (top) journals of which in other refereed journals b in other journals c book chapters Monographs* books PhD theses* Professional publications and products* a. scientific dissemination articles (Demos) b. other reports c. software/databases/cd s/questionnaires d. book reviews e. articles in other media

21 21 5 Other professional output a science oriented - academic chairs editorship journals/books referee/discussant courses/classes taught PhDs supervised research trainees supervised workshops/seminars organised working -/conference papers b society/policy oriented - committees and boards advising and consultancies lectures and presentations press releases/newsletters media coverage * In accordance with the Standard evaluation protocol for public research organisations. ** Social Science Citation index.

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23 23 Output according to NIDI output classification Academic publications (in accordance with the Standard Evaluation Protocol for public research organisations) a. in refereed journals of which in Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) indexed (top) journals: 28 Bergsma, A., Poot, G. & Liefbroer, A.C. (2008). Happiness in the garden of Epicurus. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(3), Bonneux, L.G.A. (2008). Complementary medicine: regulating the irregular is a contradiction. British Medical Journal, 337(a795). Bosch, A.M., Willekens, F.J.C., Baqui, A.H., Ginneken, J.K.S. van & Hutter, I. (2008). Association between age at menarche and early-life nutritional status in rural Bangladesh. Journal of Biosocial Science, 40(2), Bosch, A.M., Baqui, A.H. & Ginneken, J.K.S. van (2008). Early-life determinants of stunted adolescent girls and boys in Matlab, Bangladesh. Journal of Population, Health and Nutrition, 26(2), Dalen, H.P. van (2008). Designing global collective action in population and HIV/ AIDS programs, : has anything changed? World Development, 36(3), Fokkema, C.M., Valk, H.A.G. de, Beer, J.A.A. de & Duin, C. van (2008). The Netherlands: childbearing within the context of a Poldermodel society. Demographic Research, 19(21), Fokkema, C.M. & Liefbroer, A.C. (2008). Trends in living arrangements in Europe: convergence or divergence? Demographic Research, 19(36), Gaag, N.L. van der & Wissen, L.J.G. van (2008). Economic determinants of internal migration rates: a comparison across five European countries. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 99(2), Gaalen, R.I.A. van & Dykstra, P.A. (2008). Intergenerational contact beyond the dyad: the role of the sibling network. European Journal of Ageing, 5(1), Gaymu, J., Ekamper, P. & Beets, G.C.N. (2008). Future trends in health and marital status: effects on the structure of living arrangements of older Europeans in European Journal of Ageing, 5(1), Henkens, C.J.I.M., Solinge, H. van & Gallo, W. (2008). Effects of retirement voluntariness on changes in smoking, drinking and physical activity among Dutch older workers. European Journal of Public Health, 18(6),

24 24 Henkens, C.J.I.M., Remery, C. & Schippers, J. (2008). Shortages in the labour market: an analysis of employers behaviour. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(7), Jong Gierveld, J. de & Dykstra, P.A. (2008). Virtue is its own reward?: support-giving in the family and loneliness in middle and old age. Ageing & Society, 28(2), Keizer, R., Dykstra, P.A. & Jansen, M.D. (2008). Pathways into childlessness: evidence of gendered life course dynamics. Journal of Biosocial Science, 40(6), Leung, G.T.Y., Jong Gierveld, J. de & Lam, L.C.W. (2008). Validation of the Chinese translation of the 6-item De Jong Gierveld loneliness scale in elderly Chinese. International Psychogeriatrics, 20(6), Mandemakers, J. & Dykstra, P.A. (2008). Discrepancies in parent s and adult child s reports of support and contact. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(2), Poppel, F.W.A. van, Monden, C. & Mandemakers, K. (2008). Marriage timing over the generations. Human Nature: an interdisciplinary biosocial perspective, 19(1), Putten, A.E. van, Dykstra, P.A. & Schippers, J. (2008). Just like mom?: the intergenerational reproduction of women s paid work. European Sociological Review, 24(4), Reuser, M., Bonneux, L.G.A. & Willekens, F.J.C. (2008). The burden of mortality of obesity at middle and old age is small: a life table analysis of the US Health and Retirement Survey. European Journal of Epidemiology, 23(9), Scharf, T. & Jong Gierveld, J. de (2008). Loneliness in urban neighbourhoods: an Anglo-Dutch comparison. European Journal of Ageing, 5(2), Simoons, M.L. & Bonneux, L.G.A. (2008). Obesity, cardiology and beyond [editorial comment]. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 52(12), Solinge, H. van & Henkens, C.J.I.M. (2008). Adjustment to and satisfaction with retirement: two of a kind? Psychology and Aging, 23(2), Soons, J.P.M. & Liefbroer, A.C. (2008). Together is better?: effects of relationship status and resources on young adults well-being. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25(4), Steenhof, L. & Liefbroer, A.C. (2008). Intergenerational transmission of age at first birth in the Netherlands for birth cohorts born between 1935 and 1982: evidence from municipal registers. Population Studies: a journal of demography, 62(1), Stuifbergen, M., Delden, J.J.M. van & Dykstra, P.A. (2008). The implications of today s family structures for support giving to older parents. Ageing & Society, 28(3),

25 25 Valk, H.A.G. de & Schans, D. (2008). They ought to do this for their parents : perceptions of filial obligations among immigrant and Dutch older people. Ageing & Society, 28(1), Velde, R. te, Eijkemans, M.J.C., Beets, G.C.N. & Habbema, J.D.F. (2008). Can assisted reproductive technologies help to offset population ageing? [Letter to the editor]. Human Reproduction, 23(9), Zaadstra, B., Chorus, A.M.J., Buuren, S. van, Kalsbeek, H. & Noort, J.M. van (2008). Selective association of multiple sclerosis with infectious monocleosis. Multiple Sclerosis, 14(3), of which in other refereed journals: 15 Bonneux, L.G.A. (2008). Echografische screening van de aorta abdominalis bij mannen van 65 jaar en ouder. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, 152(29), Bonneux, L.G.A. (2008). Tegen de invoering van een bevolkingsprogramma voor opsporing van dikkedarmkanker. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, 152(32), Bonneux, L.G.A., Zaadstra, B. & Beer, J.A.A. de (2008). Verstandige gezinsplanning: niet te laat, maar ook niet te vroeg kinderen krijgen. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, 152(27), Bosch, A.M., Hutter, I. & Ginneken, J.K.S. van (2008). Perceptions of adolescents and their mothers on reproductive and sexual development in Matlab, Bangladesh. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 20(3), Dalen, H.P. van (2008). De angst voor vergrijzing, bevolkingskrimp en bevolkingspolitiek. Beleid en Maatschappij, 35(4), Dalen, H.P. van, Henkens, C.J.I.M. & Schippers, J. (2008). De lange mars van besef naar beleid: werkgevers en (hun) oudere werknemers. Tijdschrift voor HRM, 12(2), Dalen, H.P. van & Engelen, E. (2008). De wonderbaarlijke terugkeer van Thomas Malthus. Beleid en Maatschappij, 35(4), Dalen, H.P. van, Henkens, C.J.I.M. & Schippers, J. (2008). Leeftijdsbewust personeelsbeleid van Nederlandse werkgevers mist doel. Kwartaalschrift Economie, 5(1), Dalen, H.P. van, Henkens, C.J.I.M. & Schippers, J. (2008). Vergrijzing en het onderschatte belang van informele kennisverwerving: een onderzoek onder werkgevers en werknemers. M & O: tijdschrift voor management en organisatie, 62(1), Dalen, H.P. van & Henkens, C.J.I.M. (2008). Waarom weg uit Nederland?: hedendaagse emigratie verklaard. Mens en Maatschappij, 83(3),

26 26 Ginneken, J.K.S. van (2008). Family and other social factors contributing to differences in human immunodeficiency virus infection between South Africa and Bangladesh. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 3(2), Henkens, C.J.I.M. & Solinge, H. van (2008). L enracinement social des décisions de retraite aux Pays-Bas. Les Politiques Sociales, 68(3/4), Jong Gierveld, J. de & Tilburg, T. van (2008). De ingekorte schaal voor algemene, emotionele en sociale eenzaamheid. Tijdschrift voor Gerontologie en Geriatrie, 39(1), Puri, M., Horstman, R.G., Matthews, Z., Falkingham, J., Padmadas, S. & Devkota, S. (2008). Examining out-of-pocket expenditures on reproductive and sexual health among the urban population of Nepal. Population Review, 47(2), Rijken, A.J. & Knijn, T.C.M. (2008). Explaining Dutch fertility rates in a comparative European perspective. European Societies, 10(5), b in other journals: 13 Beets, G.C.N. (2008). Vergrijzing en de instroom in zorginstellingen. [Gerongrafiek]. Geron: tijdschrift over ouder worden en maatschappij, 10(1), 53. Bonneux, L.G.A. (2008). Tussen een beetje gezond en niet ziek: risicobepaling. Nieuwsbrief Vasculaire Geneeskunde, 5(2), Dalen, H.P. van & Henkens, C.J.I.M. (2008). De onzichtbare drempels van de internationale arbeidsmarkt. Economisch Statistische Berichten, 93(4529), Dalen, H.P. van, Ederveen, S. & Henkens, C.J.I.M. (2008). De productiviteit van de oudere werknemer. Economisch Statistische Berichten, 93(4545), Dalen, H.P. van, Henkens, C.J.I.M. & Nicolaas, H. (2008). Emigratie: de spiegel van Hollands ongenoegen. Bevolkingstrends, 56(1e kwartaal), Dalen, H.P. van & Henkens, C.J.I.M. (2008). Internationale arbeidsmarkt blijft onbenut. Economisch Statistische Berichten, 93(4533S), Ekamper, P. & Mol, J.A. (2008). De bevolking van Leeuwarden halverwege de negentiende eeuw. De volkstelling van 1839 in kaart gebracht met HISGIS Fryslân. Fryslân. Nieuwsblad voor Geschiedenis en Cultuur, 13(3), Ekamper, P. & Poppel, F.W.A. van (2008). Zuigelingensterfte per gemeente in Nederland, Bevolkingstrends, 56(1e kwartaal), Fokkema, C.M. & Bekke, S.C.G. ter (2008). 50-Plussers in Europa: ontvangers of juist gulle gevers? Geron: tijdschrift over ouder worden en maatschappij, 10(2), Fokkema, C.M. (2008). Toenemend aantal ouderen migrantenvrouwen. [Gerongrafiek]. Geron: tijdschrift over ouder worden en maatschappij, 10(2), 49.

27 27 Solinge, H. van (2008). Na pensioen bewegen ouderen meer. [Gerongrafiek]. Geron: tijdschrift over ouder worden en maatschappij, 10(3), 50. Solinge, H. van, Henkens, C.J.I.M. & Oosterbaan, A. (2008). Werken na 65 als noodzaak: wie is er bang voor? Geron: tijdschrift over ouder worden en maatschappij, 10(1), Steenhof, L. & Liefbroer, A.C. (2008). Intergenerationele overdracht van de leeftijd bij geboorte van het eerste kind. Bevolkingstrends, 56(2), c book chapters: 56 Beer, J.A.A. de (2008). Forecasting international migration: time series projections vs argument-based forecasts. In J. Raymer & F. Willekens (Eds.), International migration in Europe; data, models and estimates (pp ). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. Beets, G.C.N., Bekke, S.C.G. ter & Schoorl, J.J. (2008). Migration history and demographic characteristics of the two second-generation groups. In M. Crul & E.L. Heering (Eds.), The position of the Turkish and Moroccan second generation in Amsterdam and Rotterdam: the TIES study in the Netherlands (IMISCOE research) (pp ). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Beets, G.C.N. (2008). Twee kinderen als norm: Nederlandse gezinnen kiezen vaker voor de lusten van kinderen dan voor de lasten. In N. van Nimwegen, J. van Everdingen, J. Geraedts & M. Evenblij (Eds.), Over bevolking: demografische ontwikkelingen in Nederland en daarbuiten (Cahier, 27/3) (pp ). Den Haag: Stichting Bio-Wetenschappen en Maatschappij. Bijwaard, G.E., Dijk, B. van & Koning, J. de (2008). Working time preferences, labour market transitions and job satisfaction. In R. Muffels (Ed.), Flexibility and employment security in Europe: labour markets in transitions (pp ). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Billari, F. & Liefbroer, A.C. (2008). Intergenerational ties: what can be gained from an international perspective? In A. Booth, A.C. Crouter & S.M. Bianchi (Eds.), Intergenerational caregiving (pp ). The Urban Institute Press. Bonifazi, C., Okólski, M., Schoorl, J.J. & Simon, P. (2008). Introduction. In C. Bonifazi, M. Okólski, J. Schoorl & P. Simon (Eds.), International migration in Europe: new trends and new methods of analysis (IMISCOE research) (pp. 9-13). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Bonneux, L.G.A. (2008). De strijd om het hart van de consument. In I. de Beaufort, M. Hilhorst, S. Vandamme & S. van de Vathorst (Eds.), De kwestie: praktijkboek ethiek van de gezondheidszorg (pp ). Den Haag: Lemma.

28 28 Bonneux, L.G.A. (2008). Langer leven door overgewicht, maar niet gezonder: de keerzijde van de welvaart: vaker naar de dokter met chronische kwalen. In N. van Nimwegen, J. van Everdingen, J. Geraedts & M. Evenblij (Eds.), Over bevolking: demografische ontwikkelingen in Nederland en daarbuiten (Cahier, 27/3) (pp ). Den Haag: Stichting Bio-Wetenschappen en Maatschappij. Bonneux, L.G.A. (2008). Tandje bijschakelen: levensverwachting Nederlanders blijft achter. In N. van Nimwegen, J. van Everdingen, J. Geraedts & M. Evenblij (Eds.), Over bevolking: demografische ontwikkelingen in Nederland en daarbuiten (Cahier, 27/3) (pp ). Den Haag: Stichting Bio-Wetenschappen en Maatschappij. Bras, H., Liefbroer, A.C. & Elzinga, C. (2008). Standaardisering van leefvormen?: trajecten naar volwassenheid van Nederlanders, In I. Maas, M.H.D. van Leeuwen & K. Mandemakers (Eds.), Honderdvijftig jaar levenslopen: de Historische Steekproef Nederlandse Bevolking (Boekaflevering Mens & maatschappij 83(2008)) (pp ). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Cleland, J.G. & Ginneken, J.K.S. van (2008). Educational attainment and health/ survival. In K. Heggenhougen & S. Quah (Eds.), International encyclopedia of public health (six-volume set, 1-6) (pp ). New York: Academic Press. Crul, M., Groenewold, W.G.F. & Heering, E.L. (2008). Conclusies en aanbevelingen. In M. Crul & E.L. Heering (Eds.), The position of the Turkish and Moroccan second generation in Amsterdam and Rotterdam: the TIES study in the Netherlands (IMISCOE research) (pp ). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Crul, M., Groenewold, W.G.F. & Heering, E.L. (2008). Conclusions and implications. In M. Crul & E.L. Heering (Eds.), The position of the Turkish and Moroccan second generation in Amsterdam and Rotterdam: the TIES study in the Netherlands (IMISCOE research) (pp ). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Crul, M. & Heering, E.L. (2008). Introduction. In M. Crul & E.L. Heering (Eds.), The position of the Turkish and Moroccan second generation in Amsterdam and Rotterdam: the TIES study in the Netherlands (IMISCOE research) (pp ). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Dykstra, P.A. & Mandemakers, J. (2008). Verschillen tussen ouders en kinderen in de rapportage van steun en contact. In M. Kalmijn & M. Wittenberg (Eds.), Multi-actor data in survey onderzoek: bijdragen aan het DANS symposium van 17 januari 2007 (pp ). Amsterdam: Aksant.

29 Esveldt, I., Fokkema, C.M. & Miettinen, A. (2008). Anticipated impact of family policies on fertility behaviour among the childless and among one-child parents. In C. Höhn, D. Avramov & I.A. Kotowska (Eds.), People, population change and policies: lessons from the Population Policy Acceptance Study. Vol. 1. Family change (European studies of population, 16-1) (pp ). Springer. Fast, J. & Jong Gierveld, J. de (2008). Ageing, disability and participation. In N. Keating (Ed.), Rural ageing: a good place to grow old? (pp ). Bristol: The Policy Press. Fokkema, C.M. & Esveldt, I. (2008). Motivation to have children in Europe. In C. Höhn, D. Avramov & I.E. Kotowska (Eds.), People, population change and policies: lessons from the Population Policy Acceptance Study. Vol. 1. Family change (European studies of population, 16-1) (pp ). Springer. Gaalen, R.I.A. van & Bijwaard, G.E. (2008). Wat bindt arbeidsmigranten aan Nederland?: levensloopdynamiek van tussen 1999 en 2003 gearriveerde arbeidsmigranten. In M. Mol, H.J. Dirven & R. van der Bie (Eds.), Dynamiek in de sociale statistiek: nieuwe cijfers over de sociaal-economische levensloop (pp ). Voorburg: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. Gaymu, J., Festy, P., Poulain, M. & Beets, G.C.N. (2008). Caractéristiques sociodémographiques des personnes âgées et conditions de vie. In J. Gaymu, P. Festy, M. Poulain & G.C.N. Beets (Eds.), Future elderly living conditions in Europe (Les cahiers de l INED, 162) (pp ). Paris: Institut National d Etudes Démographiques (INED). Gaymu, J., Festy, P., Beets, G.C.N. & Poulain, M. (2008). From elderly population projections to policy implications. In J. Gaymu, P. Festy, M. Poulain & G.C.N. Beets (Eds.), Future elderly living conditions in Europe (Les cahies de l INED, 162) (pp ). Paris: Institut National d Etudes Démographiques (INED). Gaymu, J., Festy, P., Poulain, M. & Beets, G.C.N. (2008). From the sociodemographic characteristics of the elderly to their living conditions. In J. Gaymu, P. Festy, M. Poulain & G.C.N. Beets (Eds.), Future elderly living conditions in Europe (Les cahiers de l INED, 162) (pp ). Paris: Institut National d Etudes Démographiques (INED). Gaymu, J., Ekamper, P., Springer, S., Beets, G.C.N., Pennec, S., Wissen, L.J.G. van & Desesquelles, A. (2008). Future family network and living arrangements of disabled elders. In J. Gaymu, P. Festy, M. Poulain & G.C.N. Beets (Eds.), Future elderly living conditions in Europe (Les cahiers de l INED, 162) (pp ). Paris: Institut National d Ëtudes Démographiques (INED). 29