Een ander kasdek op mijn kas? Komkommer commissie, 2 juni 2010

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1 Komkommer commissie, 2 juni 1 Programma Kas als Energiebron Eén integrale aanpak met 7 transitiepaden: Energie besparen Duurzame energiebronnen Fossiele energie efficiënt inzetten Overig Silke Hemming, Wageningen UR Glastuinbouw Teeltstrategieën Licht Zonne-energie Aardwarmte Biobrandstoffen Duurzame(re) elektriciteit Duurzame(re) CO₂ Energie innovatieve kasdekmaterialen Traditioneel glas Diffuus glas (!?!) AR glas PMMA ETFE lichtdoorlatendheid 9% 83% 9% 74-83% 96% 89% 89% 76% 93% 86% 3 schermen Een ander kasdek andereop setpoints mijn kas? Energieverbruik Warmte [m 3 /m 2 ] Elektriciteit 1) [kwh] CO 2 verbruik 2) [kg/m 2 ] Totaal verbruik [m 3 a.e./m 2 ] Gewasopbrengst [kg/m 2 ] Energie efficiency [m 3 a.e./kg] ontvochtigen buitenlucht praktijk.53 1% HNT % 1 scherm andere setpoints ontvochtigen buitenlucht warmteterugwinning komkommer diffuus % dubbel Demo in najaar in kas IDC, Bleiswijk % Conclusie Meer productie / hogere energie efficiency (diffuus, AR) Situatie nu: Isolatie door 1-3 schermen in winter erg veel lichtverlies (-35%) Grote sprongen te maken in energiegebruik (dubbel glas) Lichtverlies door condensatie kan verminderen Gewasreactie (koptemperatuur kan veranderen) is een? Beschikbaarheid CO 2 wordt punt van aandacht 1

2 light Greenhouse covering materials are able to scatter light rays, transforming direct light into diffuse light Natural Light Conditions % % 7% 6% % 85% % % Haze Breuer and Van de Braak (1989) Hemming et al. (8) Kania and Giacomelli (8) Materials & Methods Cucumber /, duplicated greenhouses Cucumber, 4 species potted plants led and logged climate (temperature, humidity, radiation, light, CO 2, ventilation) Results - Light interception cucumber Results - Photosynthesis cucumber Crop height [cm] 1 1 April May 23 rd May 3 rd th, 6, Light interception [%] 2

3 Results - Yield cucumber Number of fruits (# per m 2 ) Average fruitweigt (kg cucumbers -1 ) Week nr. nr. 7.8% more fruits 4.3% more fruit weight light II Haze % % 7% Transmission 83% 83% 8% Greenhouse climate - leaf temp, sunny days Crop growth - stem head 34.5 High in the crop 34.8 Low in the crop.4 Stem length (cm/wk) 71 Stem diameter (mm) 8.5 Low haze High haze Crop growth - leaves Crop growth photosynthesis capacity Leaf development (#/wk) LAI (m2/m2) SLA (cm2/g) Net photosynthesis, (µmol m -2 s -1 ) high low -high -low Licht intensity (µmol PAR m -2 s -1 ) 3

4 Production time of flowering to fruit harvest Production overview Wk (days) Wk (days) Reference Spring crop 8 Autumn crop 8 Kg/m % +9.2% Nr/m % +5.2% Kg/m % +9.7% Nr/m % +6.1% Conclusions light is positive because Changed light penetration in crop light is absorbed more by middle leaf layers of cucumber Higher photosynthesis in those leaf layers Higher yield Milder greenhouse climate on sunny days Lower head temperature during high irradiation 1% light = 1% growth rule has to be re-defined Optimum diffusing properties have to be found Covering materials Measurement method Transmission for hemispherical light τ h and haze η to characterise diffuse materials inside PAR [mol m -2 day -1 ] 6 y =.7x R² =.995 y =.746x R² = Δ-3% South South 6 8 outside Δ-3% Measurement method 4

5 Light Diffusing Covering Materials Light Diffusing Covering Materials Rovero Solar EVA 5 HD diffuse Rovero Solar EVA 5 clear AGC F-Clean diffuse AGC F-Clean clear AGE/Glaverbel Crepi diffuse AGE/Glaverbel Glamatt diffuse AGE/Glaverbel Satinbel diffuse V diffuse Holga/Vetrad Vetrasol 3 Holga/Vetrad Vetrasol 2 Holga/Vetrad Vetrasol 4 Centrosol diffuse Centrosol HiT diffuse Centrosol clear Standard horticultural glass clear haze [-] Rovero Solar EVA 5 HD diffuse Rovero Solar EVA 5 clear AGC F-Clean diffuse AGC F-Clean clear AGE/Glaverbel Crepi diffuse AGE/Glaverbel Glamatt diffuse AGE/Glaverbel Satinbel diffuse V diffuse Holga/Vetrad Vetrasol 3 Holga/Vetrad Vetrasol 2 Holga/Vetrad Vetrasol 4 Centrosol diffuse Centrosol HiT diffuse Centrosol clear Standard horticultural glass clear hemispherical light transmission [-] Conclusions Wageningen UR Glastuinbouw Innovations in Horticulture Roof materials with higher haze increase production (if light loss low!) high light losses are negative in winter Chose right material for crop Wageningen UR Special thanks for my collegues Tom Dueck, Jan Janse et al. 5