Documentatiepagina. Titel rapport. Bereikbaarheidsstudie Grensstreek Noord-Holland en Zuid-Holland Deel 2: Oplossingsrichtingen

Transcriptie

1

2 Dcmp T pp Kmk Dm pbc Opchv() Pjcm Gpp Cff Bkbh Gk N-H Z-H D 2: Opch ZHA192/M/ 16 cmb 2008/ pp Pvc Z-H, Pvc N-H mwk m: H Rj (Gm Kwjk, Nwjk, Nwjkh, Ty, L, Hm, O); Rjkw N-H Z-H; S Amm (Gm Hmmm); R Z-Km (Gm Hm, Bm, Bbk, Hm, Zv) R Mf, Ax M, N Vbm, R v H, A Kw 2

3 Ihpv 1. INLEIDING A Bkbh zmjk wk Lwjz 7 2. SITUATIE & ONTWIKKELINGEN H Owkk k V kp pv RICHTING Ach v bw Bw Opb Vv Bw A RESULTATEN D m Cc BESCHOUWING/KOERS D bw H pkk H pkk Cc: h pkk v Smwk 52 Bj 1: Bwk Bj 2: Ovzch vk 3

4 R: Rpp Pbmy Pbmy Df R: Pjcfpk Opch Owp Uwk TVVP Smwk D pp 4

5 I INLEIDING D Bkbh k Smwk v h b. Dz bp k v km OV-v fcm bkbh v m vb, z k p mj vz wkk h b k kj. 1.1 A Iv mbpv v Gbwk Hmmm-Bk D k pvc N-H Z-H hf mk m f pv. D N Rm f v k pvc N-H Z-H mjk Gbwk. Dz m w v wkpv v b pvc. Dz pv b bch Gbwk Hmmm-Bk, p pch v pvc N-H Z-H. Om v v mbpv hbb pvc zmjk h f m Bkbh k N-H Z-H. Dzm mh mbwk v pb vv D m p pc h j v 2008 bjk Smwk v k. Dv zj w bjk pp z, pbmy wbj mbpv bm, w h b v pch m pv p. E zmjk bm v mbpv I pbmy (pp j 2008) zj kp pv b bch. D hfpv v OV zj: 1. T v mvh -zvk Z-Km; 2. Sch v Rv bè Bk Hmmm; 3. D bkbh v Gp fbh v wk ; 4. V cpc v hfw Hmmm ; 5. Hc v v vc vf A44; 6. O v bwwkk Wfk Hmmm; 7. Opw b OV p mk. Dz pv zj bjk v vm h k v h v pp. Vk pch D pp f pch p h p vm v mbpv. D pch vm pm v Smwk. I z Smwk w v w wk m b km, wk p w k wk b kpp m w, z v m k wk vmv v zm mb h b. 5

6 Gk N-H Z-H m bhz mm 6

7 1.2 Bkbh zmjk wk H f v Bkbh k N-H Z-H bj b pvc. D mh h b cmpx v pv v m v mwk. D k v m pvc N-H Z-H, Rjkw, Z-Km m m Hm, Bm, Bbk, Hm, Zv, D-Bk m m Kwjk, Nwjk, Nwjkh, Ty, L, Hm, O h mwk R H Rj, S Amm m m Hmmm. V jk pkch v h wkpc km h v p. D km b mbjk vw v b pvc, pcb (Q) v v vk (Gpp). I km wk km v pp. D bjk pp h wkpc zj k v b mbjk pjcp w vh vw zj. I z b zj k bjkm v p vb. I p hbb bkk pj p bjk v z. 1.3 Lwjz Hfk 2 f h wkk p h b v mb, w, wk k. H v vkkp cmb zv pv vm. I hfk 3 w bw bchv v h km pb vv vkfc. I hfk 4 w h p vm v bw. A pb vv w fzjk vk. Hfk 5 v kjk ( ) bw v p k. Dz v pkk w vch pjc w bm m mbpv p pkk. D m h b vm b mjk c m mbpv p pkk. D Smwk v k. 7

8 8

9 II SITUATIE & ONTWIKKELINGEN D k k f mjk pv w bp m v v fc wkk. D hf c v v mbbhf h bk v vkfc. E zj m vkkp wkk p kp. D v vkkp zj v zv hkb pv. D kp v zmjk w p h mb fbhvk. I 1 h b p. D hfk v h k m, z 2 zf b. 2.1 H D k v b m p mjk kw fc. D mjk v b h b km v h v h b. E jk ch h (D- Bk, p Z-Km) m h z ch wc h kch cmch cv h w (Hmmm) m h f w h c m m ch cmch cv. D b b w vm Rv. Bjk z j h b N mjk vch, k h b k vch bh. H jk v Pvc N-H, h zjk h bj Z-H. Ech: w bjv z zch h jk bk bjk z. D vkpv vchj v m pk. 2.2 Owkk k D k v b. H cmch z z ymch b, m bjh v Schph Amm. H w, bp vz k. M w m bp H w m 2020 m m 15%; v w. D hf v z m km v k v Hmmm, m bwp Wfk. H bp k, m v 40%. E bjk zk hv v wkk m Schph, z ch wkk v Amm Cc T C (ACT). 9

10 Up f 2020 RGL w w OV Vm cpc N207 Z IJm Vm cpc N205 Vm cpc A9 Om A9 Bhvp Pc A4 2 C Ww Vm cpc A10 V N201 vp A4 A Nw Bbkw A4 N- Zj Dkk Z IJb Z f 4 & 5 Rj RGL S Shm A4 2x3 Up pb vv wfc h vkm G v f

11 Mbc km Dz mbp f ch v mj. Om mbp h bjk v wk wkk p h b v pb vv fc zj mm h kmb. V kjk km h mbc p; m vkfc Dz vkfc vm h fwk v v (z v f). E v z pjc m bjk v. V -mj kjk zj k ff v pjc p pm. Hbj h m bjvb Rj, RjGwj-W, m k m wbwb z Vkb. W bw Hmmm? Ap ch v Hmmm. E v km v k v z m. V km wpv bk w w Wfk w k. H m cc w. Om vk vv v v bj b v fv v v c zj z w hfv mm v wbw Hmmm. H m w wkk, wm h h pv v mjk mjkh w vk: - Bw m cc h z, vb m vwch vkk v pb ; - Bw m cc h v Wfk, v p v mjk cmch k. Ub w v Hfp NOORD: w./ 350 b. ZUID: w. Ub w v Nw-Vp NOORD: w. ZUID: w./ 175 b. NOORD: 800 w. ZUID: w./ 175 b. H bw m cc h z z vkp h. I f h v. Lbk Hfv wpv Hmmm Vk- vvm k D v m h -m. D v k m p b w A y f p b v h b vkm v H Rj h m v Hm-Hmmm. H m mv zw h pb vv h vk. I h k v z h pb vv v vfj. M h vk- vvm zj v k mk: D h (2005) 2020 m vwk hv m wkk. D m m 2020 m (f 2020) - A pch v pb vv, Dm f v zch ffcv v pch zw pzch v h ( k j k m v k v m ) p z c h v m z ò p c h ( z j p c h f f c f ). D wkk v vk I h b w cc m k cc bp. I b h b m 1,3 mj pë vp v p m. H wv hvh pë vp b h b b p wch 2005 m v k wch h OV vvv. D k v v m 2020, w bvbchv wkk hbb pv. T 2020 z vvv v k 1,6 mj pë vp ( v cc 20%). Opv k v mb h pb vv jk bjf f zf p; k v ch Amm. A B C Hvh pë bvk vp 2005 (A) 2020 (B) ( OV) vzk h b. T hkj h OV pë vp. E h vch ; zw pë vp h OV (C) 11

12 2.3 V kp pv D b v mbpv vm vk- fbhkp. Dz kp zj 1 v Bkbh ïv bj vw v m pj. Tv bk mk v v cm, p bkk. D vk- vvpbm zj fw : - chbjv OV-; - v vh b c v w vvbhf D Bk Z-Km; - cp cpc v h vkym mjk wkk Hmmm. Kp O w w K p fb h K p b kb h K p fb h 1B 1E 1A 1F 2A 1D 3H 1C 4A 6 4D 2B 3A 4C 3G 3D 2C 3B 3B 3J 4B 3E 5B 3I 5C 3F 3C 5A Kp OV Kp A OV Bv k v vzch v vzm kp v h vk pb vv. D kp zj v zv hfpv. I v f zj pv kp m k vb bch. D pv vm v pp h vkp y pch. Kp OV 12

13 1.T v mvh -zvk Z-Km 1A. Vzw (m N206) Vz 1B. Zbm Ah 1C. V M Hm (vb vf N208 N201/Hfp) 1D. Bw Hm ( N206, vchvk, 20% vk) 1E. N208 Hm 1F. Gppf Hm 2.Sch v Rv bè Bk Hmmm 2A. Zww / Mw Bbk ( Hmmm/vb) Zwhk (Hmmm) 2B. R Hm - Bp 2C. R L - Lbk 3.D bkbh v Gp fbh v wk Kp bkbh 3A. Kp vb N207/N205/N208 3B. C N206 ( h v Nwjk Kwjk) 3C. Af A44 (m f 3, 4, 5, 6) < z k 5A > Kp fbh 3D. Dj k N206 Nwjkh Kp bkbh fbh 3E. N443 (k f Lv k m p) < z k 5B > 3F. Ty (pvk c p- f A44) 3G. N208 ( h v L) 3H. N208 h v Hm ( vk vchvk) 3I. N444 ( h v Nb p N206) < z k 5C > 3J. N449 (k Rjb) 4.V cpc v hfw Hmmm 4A. Vb N205/N208 ( h v Hfp) 4B. N207 ( h v Nw-Vp) 4C. A4 (vf Schph A44) 4D. Nw Bbkw 5.Hc v v vc vf A44 5A. Af A44 (m f 3, 4, 5, 6) < z k 3C > 5B. N443 (k f Lv k m p) < z k 3E > 5C. N444 ( h v Nb p N206) < z k 3I > 6.O v bwwkk Wfk Hmmm 7.Opw b OV p mk 13

14 14

15 III RICHTING V mbpv h b zj pj vch v vë v pb vv- w. I z zj v m w ppk bm mjk p v pbmk. Tj zj wk v v p mbpv mjk pv v p wkk. I pp w p v b w. D hfk f ch bchjv v bk bw m ch pb vv. Vp h pp w bw ch w m m ffcv bw h pkk v m b w. 3.1 Ach v bw Opb vv I pbmy v bch vvbhf p c Bk Hmmm Schph Amm c Z-Km Schph Amm q w b. D k v m h vp vjkp w v Rv m pb vv v h k vjk b v Rv. D Rv k fjk v h pb vv. A b k v Rv zj ccv vwjk. D zj v z zchb z. D v bw pb vv z zchb z vchj. D bw pb vv b 2 vchj pb vv:. h bw v h hw pb vv h b (v pvc h); b. h b vchj pvv b b z p k b- kpp, wm fq vb zw v x vp bk k w. A D bw v -fc w pcp p v kp bj v. D p w m :. zj bw wp v ch cvk w f p c kp; b. bw wp v ch Gp m p fzjk kp w v. ) Rb vchj mbc D b wb mbwk zj wp mh h. D h m mf m Rv ch h wp Hmmm hch c Z-Km Bk. Bv Rv pvc. D pvc N-H Z-H hbb k v zch b -z ch vb : N206 Z-H N205 NH. D hch ë v bw bjvh w bhf w b -w vb. M wbwp m Wfk wkk v wkh m Schph bhf k. D k b b chk hf (N206 N205). I f vb h kpbm. T z ch zj bw wp: h 15

16 vb v N206 N205 / A4, z jk vchj mbc. b) Gch p p kp H ffcf jk cm k, w p vkkp v z vwch. Dm k bw wp h k pb m bch ch p kp p. 3.2 Bw Opb Vv V h pb vv zj w bw wp. Ek v z bw hf vchj p b. H pb vv b 2 bw: - bw hw pb vv - z b-kpp Bw bw hw pb vv I h éé hw pb vvym cf. D Z j Hm v Hfp Schph Amm Z Nw-Vp v Hfp Schph Amm Z WTC. M p v h kk v RjGwj z k h Z-H v km hw pb vvpc k. D bw bw hw pb vv b éé HOV-. H b v éé HOV- k k hw pb vvym v b pvc m k vb. D w z h kpp v Z m RjGwj. H v Kwjk, Nwjk, Nwjkh L c vb Schph Amm-Z. Bv hw OV-pc m k c wk p mjk wkk h b. E kpp b ym k jc kj kpp wbwp Wfk; c Lbk. V h h p v Z bj Nw-V pk m Z b j L N w j k h k p p w k m R j G w j -W Nwjk. Dz mjk kpp f ï. Vb v bw kpp Z RjGwj (v w vb m L) 16

17 Bw z b-kpp D k w pc. V vp v bmm b h zk pm p h p. Op mm w h p pm b. D OV-bkbh v h mb Nwjkh - Hm - L bpk. D b bbw km b vb m L Hm. H bjk bw v h vb v h pb vv. H fq p h p B b v h p bk h b v h fq p h p. D h v v v zj v ccp v Sb h ART. Dbj z b zj bj kk vb z Amm CS, Amm Z WTC, Amm Z, D H CS, Rm CS Uch CS. M fqvh p b pc kk vb zj z v k vzk v wch ( ). M km v HSL m p h h pvk L-Schph. D b m v fqvh v Sp. Ex z p z c b hbk p v h Shm. V h vh v fq p pc LSchph cpc L Nw-Vp chp. Opm p Om z v b cq h k hw w m. D mb z fq vb b v bj, z z v k b 15 m p p k ppp b 30 m p cy. Vb v bw b-kpp (vb v h pcp v bvb v v wk v bj ) Opm b V k k k ch zw vb m pc L-Hm m pc L-Schph cë. H pcp fb v f. Dbj k v wk bj v h pcp m b p v. D pcp m h vkm k. D vb zj f v b v h bvv. D wp vvb zj. D mvm v v h mk v v v, z vp mjk. I h m b j h. I vjk m b bj zj vb m 15% h vh. Hv mm ff w. Bv hbb bvb h fq v 4x p k. I bj 1 jk mk v b-kpp k. 17

18 3.3 Bw V h vk zj v bw wp. Ek v z bw hf p b v mbpv. D v v bw h vw: - Z vb N206 N205 m cmb m wkk v Lbk, wbj c vf N206 v N444 N205. D kk N205 kj k p A44; - M vb N206 N205 h h v h b mk bk v N207 z kk v N208 N206; - N vb N206 N205 h v h b. D zkm v cé k v Bbk Hm; - Gp m zk éé c pch, m b v p m k w m v p bm kp. ZUID NOORD MIDDEN GESPREID Vb v v bw Op v p w v bw v m bpk. V k bw w v wk vwch m zj v h p v kp. N b: bw v v cé, m zj zkb v cé v w vb f vb v b w. D f b h v bw cc z k z wk m m w m m pch cc mk. 18

19 Bw Z (zjk kk N205) Dz bw k p m h z v. D bw b v v h vk: 1. E w vb z v L (80km/ m 2x1 jk). Dz kk N205 f vb N208 h v D E; 2. H v kk N205 p A44 bj b h v hfv; 3. D N443 vb N206 N208 m mm, z vm v kp; 4. E vb vb N443 w m Vh. Uwk bw Z 19

20 Bw M (wjk v N207) Dz bw k p v v wfc h m v. D bw b v : 1. H v v N207 v N208 N206 (chk v 80 km/ m 2x1jk) cf p; 2. H vb v N207 N205 N208 2x2 jk (k cpcvm v b vvb); 3. H vb v k N208 N207. Uwk bw M 20

21 Bw N Dz bw k p m h v. H bf zkb m m mjk cé. I z zj w cé wk: V v Nw Bbkw (A) 1. H v v Nw Bbkw (chk v 80 km/) N206, m zw p N205 p N208; 2. Om m z hch p h cé Bbkw Bbkjk Mw Bbk. D v v Nw Bbkw k f w kpp N208 N205 Wjk fkk N205 wbj Rv w k c v Hm (B) 1. I p jk hfc v Hm w cé m vvb v Rv N205; 2. Nw fc w v Hm, z vb w cë vf jk hfc v Hm N206. D cé k cmb w m pb v Hm p z c. A B Uwk bw N 21

22 Bw Gp m Dz bw m m h. Dz bw v m zk w h ffc p pv vp m m p v éé, m c bw. D bw b v v h vk: A. Vb N206 A44 b Rjb (v kw Rw Rjb m) - E jk w Rjb m w p A44; - Rw m v V FH; - Hch v Bw Rjb ( 30 km/h); - Shv v A km/h w h cpc w. H cé v w Rjb bf zkb. D v z m h b v vb N206 A44 v Rjb. H z zz m xc v h cé. D m f k w v V FH. M z m hf v b ch A44 hf h vchvk k v Rjb j m p h v zj bmm v. A Uwk w Rjb B. O Bbk - Nw v Bbk v cé m c z v Bbk; - Nw b v Rv; - Av m, z hv p Bbk (Bbkjk Mw Bbk). C. Cpcb N443 - Cpcb N443 h m v mm v h vk, z vb kp. B Uwk Bbk C Uwk cpcb N443 22

23 D. Cpcb v Kkhf- - Cpcb v b k v N207/ N208; bjvb x pm bj vkch; - Cpcb v Kkhf-, bjvb mm ff z h vm v kp. E. Ojk w Vz - Rw m Vz v Vz. D E Uwk b v Kkhf- Uwk jk w Vz F. Lk hch N208 - Lk hch v N208 m h ff v mm z vb kp; - Ipm N208 Bbk, Hm L. F Uwk k hch N208 23

24 24

25 IV RESULTATEN V h wp v km fc k zj bw wk. Dz bw p vch wjz bj pv h b. D hfk b h p vm v fzjk bw b. D zj chk mbpv. H w jk h bw c p pv. M hfk chk bv bw w h hfk h pj ch. 4.1 D m D bw zj wp m ch v p v h mbvk. D b c h j v v p v f b v h h w v b v b w. H p vm v bw bv bj b. D pv zj kwf p ch v ffc v bw. Bjvb ch f bw x mjk k b. Tv kwf m bhp v h vkm. Dm k w v wk m bw bj fm vkb p kwb vb /f bj h b v h vk p b vb. V z kwv bk mk v k 2- vp I vp zj vkkp h m mf. N b : b h v v f f c b p z j b w c k. D w z : z j mv v w vb m m m bff bw b fc. Géé vwj p bj h OV-wk éé hp f jk h wk. Dm w vkm m zch jk k: km zj ffc! 25

26 Opv 1: T v mvh -z vk Z-Km Kbchp 1 V k w -z Z-Km m m N206 N208, wkjk f v -fvk w b. I pp j h vk j v v vk pm. H ch v m w ZKm. D c p -w b Hmmm f. Fc v vk jk p kwbh v mv p. Bv z k kk wk hbb v v pb vk. Gzch m w m h c Hm Nwjk wbj zj b v h fvk pv p chk hf zj bk v k k w m. M vk v kwb vb b bvk vk v N205 D pvc w h b hbb v bb cfc fc. Ezj fc v, wbj m v h vk bjk. Azj hbb zj p v p ffc m v k vk. D pv h bvk vk f wkk v kwb m v b w; v N205. D bj v bw pv w Z-Km ch b 3 kwb vb 1 b vb. M h vkm b bch h v bw h vk f v kwb b vb. D v mc v mk zj h v m 2020 ZUID MIDDEN NOORD () NOORD (b) GESPREID ROBUUST (4) N205 B w (3) Gppf BOUWSTENEN (2) N208 v k Bbk ch f f KWETSBAAR (1) N206 vz pf ch pfpf ch pf ch f f Tb pv 1: R k vkm Gp 2 N208 Hw (kwb) Vzw 1 (kwb) 3 Gppf (kwb) B w 4 G p N205 (b) (Bw N: V Nw Bbk w) ( B w N : m H m ) Kwb b vb -z Z-Km D bw Z M v mw ffc v zw h v h vk p kwb vb h b v h vk p b N205. B bw v ch b vkb p zw Vzw N208 Bbk. D jk bw (vb N206/ N208 N205 m k v Bbk Hm) hf jk pv ffc. D bw m v Nw Bbkw () f c v mxm 10% v h vk p Vzw pzch v m Ok v Gppf f z bw fm v 10% v vkb. Op N208 Bbk z w c vk k v k p Hw. H vk mk bk v w vb N205 p v jk vp v N208. Mxm f c v cc 15%. D jk bw h vk N205. Op N205 vk cc 35% h m D cpc v N205 w h vp 26

27 b. Ok jk bw (b) m cé m Hm h vk v kwb vb b N205. U bw Gp m v w Vz w k vvb Bbk pf k ffc v vkb v kwb wvb. M vb m Vz m wjk h pcé f fm v 35% p Vzw k. D w k vvb Bbk f w h b v N205. D -w c z v Bbk k vk w v N208. T pzch v m f cc 10% m vk p zw Hw Hmm. D pch v p m b k hch v N208 b bbw km v Bbk. D k ffc hf wjk ffc p h v vkb p N208. D hch z w v vb v fbh, m bèwk v h vk, b vkbh m v hp. D pv ffc hb k v h vkm. D bw m p m h vk b c v N205. Cc - D bw M Z b wjk ffc p kp Z-Km; - D bw N ( v) Gp m zj ffcf v vkb p kwb -z vb; - E c vb h N206/N208 N205 b é b v hch kwb -z. D jk bw h vk b p N205 z w mxm b. 27

28 Opv 2: Sch v Rv bè Bk Hmmm Kbchp 2 D hch vk w hfzk k vk b. D mv v vk. G p mjk mv, p v h fvk v k h w m z fc p k vvb. E m v cpc m Rv k w p m b p b, k v h k vk fc k kj. I mh m k m k m p hch vk m m ch v w m vwch b m mv. BOUWSTENEN 2005 m ZUID MIDDEN NOORD () NOORD (b) GESPREID N 6 Rvk Gk ROBUUST (N) w b 3 KWETSBAAR (6) A44 pf ch pf ch f f (5) N207 5 (4) N201 2 Lc w vvb bp D c v w vvb bp v vch v kwb vb. E w vb chbj kwb vb z k m bj h b v vkb. E bw ccv z h vk p kwb bvb c. D b b b w. D v b b b, m k v w Rvk. (3) L Lbk N (2) Hm Bp 1 (1) Bbk - Zwhk 4 Vkk vvb vzk k vk D bchk v z vvb v h vk. Dz b vp h b. D b zj v kwb b vb. D kwb v v b z j v b k h vb m Hmmm. D zj b bj BbkZwhk (1), Hm-Bp (2) L-Lbk (3). D vmv v z k b v zch ch m h km vkcm. D b vvb h b zj ch p m v h vk hbb k q vmv. D zj b v N201 (4), b v N207 (5) A44 (6) v v v Tb pv 2: R k vkm Bw Z f w vb z v L. E zjk p v Rv b ppcf v b L. D vb m cc 15% vkc ch f bpk. M bw M v N2 0 7 w h b vvb N207 q cpc b. Dz p b wjk vch v vkk 28

29 p kwb vvb. V b L Hm f zw N207 c v pcvjk 5% 3%. Bw N (b A), m b b h v v Nw Bbkw f f fm v vkk p b BbkZwhk v v 60%. Op z c b vvb cë hf k ffc v vkk Hm. Bk v fm v cc 10% v k b Hm-Bp cc 20% fm p b v N207. Bw N (b B) m k v Rv bj Hm, hf v b Bbk-Zwhk wjk ffc. Dk f fm v v 5%. E w vvb h v Hm-N hf v ffc v k b Hm-Bp b v N207. D v v b vkc p v v 30%. V bw Gp m b w k b bj Bbk h v v Bbkw c v 55% p b b. D w Zwhk ch. Dz pch k m ffc. Cc - D bw Z M hbb ffc p h ch v bèwk v Rv; - D bw Gp m bk v v kwb vb v Bbk; - Bw N c h b b v h vk v Rv b k f v h k vk v h kwb vvb Bbk m m v b Hm. 29

30 Opv 3: Bkbh Gp fbh wk Kbchp 3 D Gp Bk cmch v b. H z ch k v ff mvjk m (vch)vk, zch fwkk p h hch hfw Bk. D w w zf k cf m k b v vmjk k vk. H h c. B cmch fc Bk cc. H z k k m mjk m ff w. D pv v m z mjk wkk Bk wkk v h hfw bkbh v z fc zk. B h w m, m bhv v fbh vh, zch w v ch v fc v w v zj h bmmvk v k zj k m h vk Bk. D bw bj b pc: bkbh v Gp fbh v wk Bk. H b v bkbh v Bk k p p v m fbh k. D fbh v wk Bk b bj h b v chk vb p v bk v hch k. D p v Rj km b b m fbh zjk k vb. Dz w vb h z v k f (b) v v h vk, w v vk k bpk bjf f m. I v hp bw bkbh v Bk pm z bj h vkb b k. E h vkb vzk fbhpbm bèwk, - v h v v c. D kc zj bm hfk 2. D Gp p bjvh k m p vkm fbhpbm zch m k fp p b c p zm v v h p v kp. Dv z k v m w ff. H b v h p vm v bw v bkbh fbh fzjk. Bkbh Gp: h b v A4 D v fc v Gp vp h b zj pm p h wk v jkw. E c A4 v zkjk. E v Bk w km ch h z m Rj. D vp Gp m kj bw jk b h h b v b c. D zjk bw b m mm p N443 x cpc v h (Gp) vk m b A44. D vb m Lbk (v N205) k h vk N207/ N205. Bw M b hw A4. Sm m Rj ch A44 k z bw k c p hcpv Gp. Dm k b vm cc v hw v w. D jk bw f m c p A4, m w hw. Bw Gp m b m v b. D b z bw m w bj Rjb w p A44. D bw vz k w v FH. Dz w vh bkbh v v FH m c p A44. 30

31 Lfbh k D m v bw Z hbb wjk p vm v fbh. Bw m v v v N208 Hm ( zjk mp) vch v vkb. D vp v Hm z m w ch N207. D jk bw f hv v vk. H vk v f Hm z bk mk v w vb b v N208 Hm ch vkb v v 20%. D N208 L z w c ( b ) 5% m vk kj. V jk bw m w -w wvb m Hm zj vjkb ffc zchb. M bw Gp m w z p h vm v fbhpbm. D ffc h v p h vb v vmv v w, w bj jkbjv vkb m vkv w v. D m bj Rjb cë f p N449. Opv w N208 L v 20% m vk vwk kj Lfbhkp Bk m ZUID MIDDEN NOORD () NOORD (b) GESPREID (4) N208 Hm BOUWSTENEN 2005 (3) N208 L 4 LEEFBAARHEID (2) Hf Pk 1 pf pf ch ch pf pf ch ch f f f (1) Bw (N449) 3& Tb pv 3: R k vkm Cc W bf fbh k hbb zw bw m jk bw h b p vm. D p m Rjb v f p N449 p. H b p vm v bkbh v Gp hf bw M. Bw N b v ppcf, m f A4. 31

32 Opv 4: V cpc v hfw Hmmm Kbchp 4 D cpc v N207, Nw Bbkw N201 ch k bj p A4. D v v cmb v v h bmmvk, v h k vk Hmmm v h vk Z-Km Bk. N y ch vch zj m v h vk bh v v c p h wk. D pv v m k v z -w v b vb h p, m h ffc v Z-Km Bk. Op b hv cpcbhf v k v z w v. Ozch m w hv wp v wfc v m ch v vk (bmmvk ACT, k vk v Hfp Nw-Vp vk Z-Km Bk) m kffcf. D Hmmm k h hëchch c. H b k ch m bkbhpbm zw vkb. Dz mf zch v p A4 p kp p w zf. D vb hfc Hmmm vzk cpcpbm p vb wjk v mb. Vk w j kk p wk N201 pw. D vk v pch h hfw v Hmmm mh bz pm b. V h m m p v h vk. N-z vk mk bjvb v bk v A4 f bch m v N205. Vk Amm ch Hmmm bjf z mjk p A4 j. Gw m m bk mk v p A9 - N205. I h k v k w h v p. Av y wjk hbb 2020 pm v w b cpck cq cpbm k: - N201 Kw bj N205 (1,2); - V N201 bj A4 (3); - D Nw Bbkw (4,5); - N207 Lm N205 (6,7). (3) V N201 bj A4 (4) Nw Bbkw bj N205 (5) Nw Bbkw bj A44 (6) N207 bj N205 (7) N207 bj A4 m ZUID MIDDEN NOORD () NOORD (b) GESPREID (2) Kw jk N205 BOUWSTENEN 2005 CAPACITEITSPROBLEMEN (1) Kw wjk N205 pf ch pf ch f f v v Tb pv 4: R k vkm Hfw Hmmm 32

33 V vch bw wk bj z v bh v vkk p z kp. D zjk bw c v h v v cpc p hfw b m M v v N207 x cpc p h N205 N208 h ch bw M m vk v N207 vwk kj. V hfw v v. D jk bw k vk w v N207 z v bpk p Nw Bbkw. D Kw bj N205 w wzj jk m jk bw f vm; h f zjk w v Z-Km. D bw Gp m vch vk p N207 bj v A4 z. Cc V b jk bw vkvffc z pkk v pv. D bw Z, M Gp m wjk ffc z. 33

34 Opv 5: Hc v v vc vf A44 Kbchp 5 D v Bk p A44 zj v fjk ch p m h mvjk vchvk. D vkm v h b zj ch w k p ch. N y jk ch N206, N444 N443 h m m v h vk ( vchvk) v fk (k, ). H m v h m cpc v fzjk kjk. E b ppcf, wbj cc v v fzjk w kpp w wkk v hfvkc Bk. D vb A44 p D v vb A44 vzk v z vkvh vw v c f, fvm m A44- vkv v mw. Bv z v v v v h cmch fc v Gp v FH Rjb h bjz. A 2 hf v fc v Lbk Abb. D 3 4 zj bjk v Shm, wbj N443 v fc hf v Shm. Vf m A44 (fmm 3) bjf v hf v h vk b k Shm. A 5 ch p Vh Ty. D 6 f v N444 Vh Nwjk. Dz N444 f cpck A44 N206 w vk w wk h w. 2 3 A44 7 m ZUID MIDDEN NOORD GESPREID Tb pv 5: R k vkm Bw Z hf v v ch Lbk (fmm 2). H w wbwc Lbk m A44. Dz p A44 kj b b h h bk. M h b b v z m vkk p Shm (fmm 3) m 15% f. Vk m hkm f bmm L z v vb m. Zw bw M jk bw 34 (N) Nw f (7) f 7 p Rjzchw BOUWSTENEN 2005 (6) f 6 p N444 N pf ch pf ch f f (5) f 5 6 (4) f 4 5 (3) f 3 b (2) f 2 4 zk v v v v v 4.540

35 hbb v vc wjk ffc. Bw M f f bpk hvffc f 4 5. E jk hvffc k zchb ffc v jk bw. H vk w b vb vf A44. V N444 w v 5% kk. M h v v m v bw Gp m w h vk h m v v. Dz bw b m jk w bj Rjb. Dz w f p A44 v fm p v vkk p 7. D b w vb A44 pv ffc v hvh vk bbw km v Rjb. D h vkv Bw (N449) p (fm v m 80% v h vk). H vk h m v f, mjk h vchvk, kj w p h FH. H zw vchvk hf m m k v Rjb zj v. D w Rjb m w p A44 b mjkh v v. Cc D bw N M bj p v z pv. Bw Z fm v vkk p v A44. D bw Gp m m jk w Rjb v mjkh m hv v vk v v A44 km. D b v bw m p m vc hc. 35

36 Opv 6: O bwwkk Wfk Hmmm Kbchp 6 D wkk v wbw Wfk v Hmmmp z vmjjk x vk p ch vb wc. Azj h k m hm v k w v b p v cpbm h b, k z wbwwkk zkjk. V h mh v p z m m v w v wkk v z b c v h hfw h pb vv. Bjk bj v v p v N205, v cpc v h vk Rv k bj k hfc v Hfp Nw-Vp. D pv fw m v h b v pm c v km wbwc v h pb vv. Hw OV E w cc bwwkk Wfk b bj b k v hw OV-. V wbw v vvb hw OV v w w h v h HOV mh w bkk. G k w 75% v w w vf v h v HOV. D fmm h HOV bwpv v w w v Wfk, m b k mjkh v kpp v h OV v k. E OV- v wbwwkk Wfk k vv h vvb mk v kpp Hm, Hm, L Shm. Bjk hv b v wbw Wfk zj b kj b vf v km zm p Bk/ Z-Km Amm/ Schph. D Z b mjkh v v wbwc Wfk. Zw c Lbk c w v Nw-Vp w vk Z. H pb vv bj bw Wfk m cc h zjk. D w z v wbw zjk zkb z hw OV- vvb. Mch bwpv v Hmmm Wfk bpk zjk cc kj, zj v v Z L Shm m kjk. Bwwkk v Wfk m jk cc b p v v v Z Hm. D vb v kpp v bvb m b w v wbwc v bk bwvkk k zj v kk p HOV. I v z h bk v h pb vv chbjv. Zkb wbw Wfk Cc D bwc k bj v mv w p HOV v f kk v Z vb; hv k k b k Bk pf. 36

37 Sch v Rv Nwbw Wfk v Hmmm vzk vk ch. D x v k f c w. K p p v p v S c h v R v b è B k H mm m bwwkk Wfk v Hmmm w cc bj h bf wbw Wfk f h v k p c ( c c 2 5 %) h v k v R v f. D b k m v bwwkk cmb m p v h pbmk v b vvb. D xc v wbwpv k zj kz v c v w vvb. D bw Z b mjkh m m w b bj Lbk z c b m L vb. D bw M b k v zw b w v Nw-Vp wbwc Lbk. Dz vb f - fv A4 v N207. M v b f z x cpc v vb Hm L. Dbj f zjk cc v b v Nw-Vp mjkh p N207. D jk bw vz vk h b Hm Bbk. E b h v v Nw Bbkw bwvkk w v Hfp w v Nw-Vp. E w bvb c zkb v bwc m mxm bj. V bwvk w v Nw-Vp w vvb m Hm p k bj h v h b bj Hm-Bp. Bw Gp m b m Rvk h v v Bbkw mjkh v bwvk w v Hfp. D bw Z M v m w b v Rv z v L pcvjk m vzw v h b N207 c v w w Wfk m h km. A p hfc Hmmm M vbb v N205 w hfc v Hmmm vz vk wbw Wfk. A bw M N b w c p h hfw v Hmmm. M v v N207 z Bw M vz, w z vb N206 A44 b b. V bwvkk Lbk h zkb w v Nw-Vp b p. E jk bw m vb N206 N205 h v v Nw Bbkw f vkv Hmmm. H h vk p N201 Hm N205 z v h w cé N206 N205 kz. D p N201 m m k km vkv v w bw Wfk fc. Cc D v bwwkk Wfk k bj mbpv. V h v bwc v Wfk cmb m h p v pbmk v vvb b v bw Z M p. V p k hfc v Hmmm b bw M N cp. 37

38 Opv 7: Opw b OV p mk Kbchp 7 D mb h k ch v Schph Amm. Op z h pb vv v Z-Km v Bk w jk p m m mb, wj j p z k p v h pb vv w. D zk jk jk c v vb v Schph h. Vh v kw v h OV-b p z b b vb Hmmm bmm Schph; k f vbj L, D H, Amm Uch vb. Ok p b vb Hm L z v v c pkjk h wk m w h hhv v bwbh, h kw. D bw v h pb vv hbb w bjk. D bw v h hw pb vv (A) z v b-kpp (B). A) Ubw hw pb vv D bw bw hw pb vv vz kpp RjGwj Z. U k m h vkm bjk h z h vb wk Z RjGwj k p. T z v L f kk Z m 10-m hvh z p bj bvb. V p j v Shm vchj z p bj kbvb. Djk z chv ymkpp Z RjGwj. V z vp h b m h kpp ym kkjk. D km kpp v Z RjGwj v z Bk bjk bmmb z Schph Amm (Z) b. D C B Tp z bj kpp RjGwj Z. Av zj h z p k vjk hv m p vvyp. A A B C D 38

39 V Z Dk m h vkm z v kpp RjGwj Z q vvw v c. Ech v v Z zj w hb. I h pz j Z h N-H v k. V Z hkb p v. M p zj bj kb: 1) V Z wbwc Wfk Hmmm 2) V Z ACT 3) V Z b k Hm L 4) V Z w Shm Ubw Z H bw v Z b z w v. D v k v w vf h h p bj Nw-Vp (Gw-Z). D bw b kk v Z v 3x p km wbwwkk Lbk (1A) vb v 3x p L (v N207/N208) (1B). D f L chk vb m Schph Amm-Z. D w v b h bw v Z k h m ch mjk wkk. D bw vz vb vf Schph ACT m vv wbwc w v Nw-Vp (2). Vf z c h mjk m k k Hm v v b Hm-Bp. 2 1B 1A D bw v Z hf v bk v ch mjk wkk k. M v wb V Z Hmmm v ACT k Z hw vb vm. Bj bk bjk z vb vvb zj. Z v L? 39

40 2020 f: T 6xp: T 6xp: T 6xp: T 6xp: f: T 6xp: T 6xp: 800 T 6xp: f: T 6xp: A z p k v Z (m 2020 m m p b pc fq v Sp v 6x p ) V vchj vb b bw pb vv vb L. Dz hf k mv (3.500 z) vb m Lbk (5.000 z). E 20m vb b c v b zv. V vb m Lbk kz v Z j p b f z m m h vk. M L m m h vk v h, vw cpc v w. M bw pb vv j z p Z p h p m k. D hw vkp v z z kz mk vb m Z f vb h v m. M 10-m p h p kz z v p h z m Z p. 40

41 B) Iz b-kpp E fqvh p h p f f v h z. M fqvh v 2x p 6x p hf pc L-Hm v bj 50%. D pzch v m 2020 z fqvh. Ok vchv zchb v cy Sp. D h fq m Sp m kkjk z p IC- kz mk m p Sp pp. Bv j Sp chk Amm C D H C m Sp Icy p.. 6x Sp Icy +44% m 6x p % Sp Icy x m p % Sp Icy x m p % Sp Icy x m p % A z p k v h p (m 2020 m Sp 2x p m p b pc fq v Sp v 6x p ) PM: V h cé L-Schph zj z zchb v Icy' D H-Lw/ G I c y v D H-Am. D p c L-Schph f m. D h p v 10% 20% (z). Ok h vchv zchb Icy Sp. D v k p v c h v v p c y, m k p I c y p jc. Rk h m Sp bv 50%. D Sp p cé k v z vh m Z vb k mk h v m Sp bmm. Hw vb M h fq p h p h zk m z k hw vb v m v. Dbj zw ch p h p L-Hm h p L-Schph. Op v p jk pm f v hw vb k. M 10-m p h p hw vb f f vh h - pp p. D f f h vch m 2020, z p b, m m v bw pb vv. 41

42 H: f: V fq 6: H: f: V fq 6: H: f: V fq 6: H: f: V fq 6: H: f: V fq 6: H: v 2020 f: V fq 6: LEGENDA T - pp (m 2020) A - pp b (m 2020) A - pp p (m h, m 2020 m Sp 2x p 2020 m p b pc fq v Sp v 6x p ) Bv f f v h - pp p v k. Hbj ch mk h - pp z z km f w m b ( kmm). D z zj v 3 v: - h ; (m; Sp 2x p ); m z b-kpp. H m z p pc L-Hm Hm. H f v v b p m v h - pp. D v h z v Vh Hm h v v k. Op pc L-Schph zj vch. S Hfp f v 27%, wj Nw-Vp m 38%. S Shm f p h - pp z. D kj m h b-kpp v 85%. 17% f PAKKET 28% 14% 24% 24% Cc I m 2020 p h OV p v k. M m v bw Opb vv w mb pv. 42

43 4.2 Cc Opv 7: Opw b OV p mk Opv 6: O bwwkk Wfk Hmmm Opv 5: Hc vc vf A44 Opv 4: V cpc hfw Hmmm Opv 3: Bkbh Gp fbh wk Opv 2: Sch Rv b Bw Opv 1: T mvh -z vk P pv kjkh v vch bw b. I h v vzch m v kjkh p bw v. Op z wjz b. Z M N wjk kjk wjk kjk wjk kjk wjk kjk kjk kjk v wjk kjk wjk kjk kjk kjk wjk kjk kjk v kjk kjk kjk kjk wjk kjk kjk v Gp m kjk kjk kjk wjk kjk kjk wjk kjk v OV v v v v v kjk kjk Tvzch v kjkh v bw v mbpv Tb bw: - Bw Z, w vb N206 kk N205 v L- z w b w p m pv. D bjk v v z bw h b v v mjk bwc L z h, Bk. - Bw M, N206 kk N207 f bwc Nw-Vp L z p h f Bk k hw A4. V v pv b w w ppcf. - D bw N pk v pv p. D pbmk A44 w ppk. - Bj bw Gp m v p Rw Rjb pbmk A44 w ppk. D v z bw m cmpm bw N. - D bw Opb Vv pkk cmb pv 7 p; p v vv p v Z Km-z & Bk Schph/Amm w zf z vk, wj m z vzwkk. V V V V Gp m Opv 7: Opw b OV p mk Opv 6: O bwwkk Wfk Hmmm Opv 5: Hc vc vf A44 Opv 4: V cpc hfw Hmmm Opv 3: Bkbh Gp fbh wk Opv 2: Sch Rv b Bw N Opv 1: T mvh -z vk Db w Op b v v, N h R w R j b b w G p m vm b v mh p v k. Dz bw b m ppcf v fm pv: V V OV V V Ppcf v bw N, Gp m ( w Rjb) Opb Vv I h v hfk w pkk v h vch bch. 43

44 44

45 V BESCHOUWING/KOERS D hfk b m bchw v bw v mbpv. Vv m z bw pkk m p wm k bjk p z vb v bkbh é fbh. H pkk vv p bh. Fc m bj m? D bh hfk hbb bkk p vch pc: c v wbw Hmmm, fq v p p b pc m w wbh hv m m v w fc. Af w m mv cc v h pkk; ffcv, bh hbh. Dm w b Smwk. 5.1 D bw V h pb vv jk km: w bw pb vv v m bj vb v bkbh. V Z-Km Bk zj Schph/ Amm zj w b b. D p bbw Bk Z-Km h b m mp h h pc. Gf pc L Hm L Schph h fq z bj zó zj z b pj k ch b bk v bw b; p -w b j ( z m f j ) j f q v bj. Hmmm bjf b bj v v Z bwc Lbk. Ok bwc v Hmmm zj b bj kpp m Z. Ok Bk k pf v h v v Z. D wbwc k b k v Hm, L Shm, mjk k h w Shm, m Z b. M pkk w v m-p mb pv ; h pb vv k ch j pzch v h pzch v m 2020, w h pb vv mp z kj. D pbm v w h b pk m c p fk v h b, w N206 vjw p, m h pkk p m. D p h hf c ffc p v kp h b k b v m h mb m h fbhpbm p. D p m b v b b p. H zj v h m f w jp m v hc kp p. Z vm v v cvk v m zj w h bjk v Bk. M fw pkk v fbhm v pcfk bkbhm k h h bk w. Sc p h m v k (kk N207) h z (N443 A44 é N205 b) bjk f w mbpv p. A c mv pf v z p. D w m jp bw, pb vv p jk vb N206-N205, zj p h bh. D v pf p. 45

46 5.2 H pkk M 5.1 m ffcf v km bw k v p z w: wkk v pkk m wm zm fb bkb w. M z m bjf cmch kch v wb. M z bw pkk wkk p kp w f; hzj z c p, hzj c b wb p mk k w, wm kp pk k w. I 5.3 w p. H pkk b : 1. E OV c m w bjk - Sk vb v h -b ym, z h fm p bhf v z D vwch vvm w pm b. D j f v chmch w. V k Bk Z-Km-z hw bvb (15%, h fq) bj b pc. D Sp kj fqvh. Dm w cc vvpc Amm Schph v m b; - D Z, v k f, w kk L bwc Lbk. Ok bh kk h w Shm mjkh. D Z m w j ACT Nw-Vp-w k z km mjk wkk. D k Nw-Vp k mjk kk w Hm. D RjGwj b hw OV- v h zjk v k. Schmch vzch m pb vv v h pkk 2. E v wfc I h z bv h pkk jk w Rjb. Dz m h m ffcv bw Gp m. D vb kp v A44 p; N449 Rjb N443 Vh. D vb v b v pk v A44 zf m m cpc v. D Rw Rjb fc bvk bv fc v km Rj. 46

47 I fk hf h pkk c vb N206 N205 ( jk bw); v Nw Bbkw. D Bk Z-Km hbb z bchkk v hw vb m A4 ( p A4). Tv b z w b m fbhkp p. I v pf w p. < I vb I ppcf > Schmch vzch v m wfc v h pkk D w w vb h pkk v m kz v cé. V Rw Rjb hf m Kwjk k cé zch m f m m vkpbmk v Rjb p. Bj vch cé bjf c jk; h m bvk w. G v cé cc m bv Rj. A zj v k vk w w p cv c. Imm, h z v, bk h c. H v wp z vb m fc hf k cq v Nw Bbkw zf. Dz w hf w jk m k m vwch v v w k. Bj 2 f vzch v vk. H pkk b bchw p k H OV-pkk v vk bk ccpb xp. Db z h bym xp m. D wfc v zjk v, 1 5 0à 200,- mj v. Smv M m v h pkk w v h b cvb bk, zw v h pb vv v. H -bym, cmp v h hf vk p h hfw b bkbh v h h b vm v pk v kp, z m hfk 2. M w hfc x v h k k v b pvc w m k ch v w bp w k bhf. H k fw kz mk w v m vb v fbh w w v pcfk m v bkbh. 47

48 5.3 H pkk H pkk p p. H bf wkp m vch zk zj. D c v f h pkk fc km zch wkk m z? E : k h k z x Sp? D z v h y OV p k c h v m w v hf p b fq, m p fq p h p. V fqvh p h p fhkjkh v pj. D v v fqvh p zw pc L-Hm pc L-Schph v w j m v v Sb ART. Om h b v bw Opb vv, b w b m fq bvb bj kw (fq 4x p ) p h p. D f - pp p v k bj fq v 6x p fq v 4x p. T vjk zj h (2005) m 2020 m fq v 2x p wv. H: f: V fq 4: V fq 6: H: f: V fq 4: V fq 6: H: f: V fq 4: V fq 6: H: f: V fq 4: V fq 6: H: f: V fq 4: V fq 6: H: v 2020 f: V fq 4: V fq 6: LEGENDA T - pp (m 2020) A - pp b (m 2020) A - pp p (m h, m 2020 m Sp 2x p, 2020 m p b pc fq v 4x p m fq v 6x p. Cc D cjf z bk zw m bw Opb vv w vmp fq v Sp v 6x 4x p. I Hm, Shm NwVp bjf zw h m c. Dz pf kjk zv v vb bb z jk v zj v fqv v Sp. 48

49 Tw : k h pkk Njk bwwkk k b? D bwwkk m h zwp h p v h z v Wfk v Hmmm z hv v h vk. D vwch v h b w v Hfp, w bwc z, v z p p h m w. I m m z v k p h zjk v Wfk v Hmmm. W bk h v h fc v bw N Hmmm h cc p zjk m p jk bwc? Dz k m h vkm. I bh f pch v mbc k fc bj bwwkk m jk cc. S 2020 zò mé bw N Bw m cc p jk c f p pkk vch z: H Rvk vk Njk bw f p éé p pv vch: p Bbk. D k p z m m cc 200 mv/h z m m k m bw N. D bw N h z v m- z k w. D bk bj bw m cc p jk c bjz ch b w vb Hmmm Bbk. D hfw Hmmm Njk bw j z p hfw Hmmm. D j v vjkb mv m z bw N. W bjf h pv ffc v bw N p m kch chk, N201, v c. T h v w bwc vwk w m mv/ p v mv/ zó bw N. Mé bw N k jk bwc b pv w. D hfw Nw-Vp D jk bwc fm v k p hfw Nw-Vp, ch v bw N. Effc v bw N zj h. Cc D jk vb N205 N206 bjf fc bj jk bwwkk Hmmm. V h f vb vk bjk f v N201 Hm Hmmm w mk vb k kkjk bj jk bwwkk. Spcfk ch v p Bbk. Z v m z bj jk bwwkk w v v bw N v w v. 49

50 D : h wk h pkk bj v m p vkkp? Z hfk 4 v zj bw k bw N c k : w b bff bw v w. K vb p kch fc? A w vb p kch vjw, m km v v m, z m f m zj m h vk w vb. D p v w vb. E w vb m p kch ffcv fc z. Tjk k v m p h h w fc v w vb vk. D b k mjkh wbh m kp p k pkk m fbh vb. DE w wvb b v h vk f k v vk. Bj v bw N h v h bjvb Vz p m w m fbh km h v. Ov h m z v p h v w vb ch w b kwb vb. D bw N Rw Rjb zj zmjk k m h vkm v w p fbhkp hc. Dz hc m h vkm. I ë wkjkh v wjk hv, m k h k m vkbpk m, ch v w, c. Ay N-z vk Z-Km (A) H v h -z vk Z-Km, pv 1, jk b bj v m. Dz m k p z fm v vk m 25% ( 2020 m v m pzch v m 2020). H vk wjk v N205. M z v m k p z -z vk bk w zf h. H: Rf: Mpkk: Im m v m: mv/h mv/h mv/h mv/h Rvk (B) Bj Rvk z v m p v m k zf bhjk ffcf zj. I Hm m c. 15% vk p b, L m c. 25%. I Bbk v ffc wmb. H vk z v m vchv kk N206. H vk v Rvk wjk N206 (w ) N207-w. Vk p h v Rvk: H: Rf: Mpkk: Im m v m mv/h mv/h mv/h (w j L) mv/h (v v h) N443-N444 (C) H vk Kwjk Nwjk Nwjkh w m v m p N444 N443 k N206 ; w cc 25% bk. Dm km z h h bk. H bk N444+ N443: Gbk f: Gbk bj mpkk z v m: Im m v m: mv/h mv/h mv/h mv/h 50

51 V h hfw zj m. Op h w v N206 hbb z m ffc v 10% m vk. D w w m b chk h. H N205 N208 kj p v m mv/h, h N208 N206 km p mv/h. Ok p b w x k p v. D N205 w c. 35% kk, m k m ch m 2x2 jk z pv. Hzf v N207-w. A B 3 1 C 2 Lc v wvkk bh Cc H mpkk w bjk ffcv v p w fc p kpc x m w m. P w pzch v h v w bk. D m v v p v fbhkp zf; km v m vk. W bjf h vk? I Bk w N206 bjk m h bk v w N444 N443 f. D m Z-Km p h w wvk: kk N206. Op N205 h ffc mkjk. H k v f vwk w p bff wvkk. T k N207 w f bk m, m k z k h x vk vwk. Bj 2 f vzch v vk. 51

52 5.4 Cc: h pkk v Smwk P w h pkk v h vch bch. H OV-pkk -b Z D pv 6 7 w m pkk ppk. Zw kpp -b bw v Z p p bhf v w bwc Hmmm. D v h OV- Bk/ Z-Km Schph/Amm w mb ch pv : h OV- p z. D v bj h f m Schph mv bjk w v Bk ZKm f zch p h b v OV-pkk. D vb v h bpc bh fqvh jp k hvh. E v hvh km v h pkk. D pkk f m m h vk p. D m k vv b w v. Vb v h pc v h pkk. Om h b c bvh v pvc vh, h v h pkk v. D z bj h pkk Spfq v 6x p. Bj fq v 4x p bjf b v vvv jk c. Hhv v h fq 2x p b vvv. D jk vb N206-N205, kk Nw Bbkw Dz vb jp v p pv 1, 2, 3 4. D bkbh- fbhpbmk Z-Km jk Bk w pk m z w vb. Om Nw Bbkw p v h k fc (bv) fc kj z k z w ch v. M z km v w ch w v v bpk cpc v z w m w jk v kp zk cpcvm v m. D Rw Rjb Dz vb vk- fbh zfk v Bk. D pv 3 5 w m z vb ppk. Ok h pk Rjb, Vh Nwjkh m m k w m fbh v, wj w vb v w x bkbh z. H km b w fc v h ch. Lfbhm k H pkk bv w hfm v w v m v v fbh p b. Gch k w hmm m, m m m f b v f m w v vchvk. Dz m j v h m w k; zj v z fbh h vk m k h m mv, zj z m méé vk v b w vb. D hfwc hf m m jk vb Rw Rjb v v cpc. Om h vk p hfc b k h pjk zj cpc v v v. I vb k bv. T-k N207-N208 m w. H pkk bwpv Op hfj f h bv pkk w p fc- vvbhf v w bwc ( pv 6). D kk hbj mk m w bf zk c v wbw. E h pk v pv. H fcpkk m m j k c. B w m z j k c c b w m jk cc. H jk c v z h pkk m pbm p z v vk vv. Ok m h pkk bjf jk bwwkk mzm. W hf h h v pkk p ch pf ffc p N201, m kch chk. Bj jk bwc km k v Z, wm zm L b b k w, k. D bkbhpv v k h b ppk w bj bwc m zjk cc. 52

53 H pkk v (cm fbh) v D v cvb h ( chk N205-N206) f, m m Rj, Bk h z v Z-Km hw p h () w. H vb Gp Bk m Am/Schph m h ch. Vk m h, w Gp vp ch bè, p vb v cmch p v Gp. T H v pkk m kjk p b. D k vwch z v v kp pv. H b pkk p vk wjz zch. P v h pkk m zk. H pp bv z bjk mh m. A h pb vv : v h pb vv bjk v z h cpcv wfc mp. M k b h wk h v h pkk w m: m w v wfc m m p h v w fbhpbm pkk. H pkk v m mh pk. D Smwk h w p kpbmk. 53

54 Bj 1: Bwk Lj b p /f h hbb vk 54

55 Bj 2: Ovzch vk pkk cf v m pkk 2020 m h D

56 56