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1 Vaardig genoeg voor de 21 ste eeuw? Samen aan de slag met de Vlaamse PIAAC resultaten! Brussel - 20 maart 2014

2 GELETTERDHEIDSCOMPETENTIES ZIJN VAN CRUCIAAL BELANG, MAAR BLIJKBAAR DAN OOK WEER NIET Dirk Van Damme, Head of the Innovation and Measuring Progress Division, Directorate for Education and Skills, OECD

3 Overzicht Lage maar ook laag-midden competentieniveaus vormen een maatschappelijk risico Niet alleen opleiding, maar ook gebruik van competenties is cruciaal Competenties versus kwalificaties Voorbij geletterdheid Enkele conclusies 3

4 LAGE MAAR OOK LAAG-MIDDEN COMPETENTIE-NIVEAUS VORMEN MAATSCHAPPELIJK RISICO 4

5 Evolution of employment in occupational groups defined by level of skills proficiency 5

6 Changing skills demand 6

7 Austria Italy Czech Republic Slovak Republic Japan Germany England/N. Ireland (UK) Australia Poland Average Ireland United States Netherlands Spain Sweden Estonia Norway Denmark Korea Cyprus¹ ² Canada Finland Flanders (Belgium) Percentage workers in high-qualified and unqualified jobs Primary education or less Tertiary education or more

8 PIAAC mean literacy proficiency scores for year-olds by educational attainment (2012) 330 Tertiary Education Below upper secondary education Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education

9 Proportion of year-olds scoring at PIAAC proficiency level 4 and 5, by educational attainment of the population (2012) 40 Below upper secondary education Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education Tertiary education

10 Korea Czech Republic Sweden Finland Canada Country average Switzerland United States Norway United Kingdom Austria Germany France Ireland Denmark Average GDP growth (real percentage change from the previous year) and labour income growth in GDP, by educational categories ( ) 5% GDP Growth ISCED 5B/5A/6 ISCED 3/4 ISCED 0/1/2 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% -1%

11 Employment rate and earnings by educational attainment and literacy - Flanders Employment rate (%) Average monthly earnings ($USD) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4/5 Earnings 0 ISCED 0/1/2 ISCED 3/4 ISCED 5/6 0 11

12 Literacy skills also matter for social outcomes in life (PIAAC data) Odds ratios Has fair to poor health 2,6 2,4 2,2 2,0 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,0 Level 5 Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Does not volunteer for charity or non-profit organizations Poor understanding of political issues facing country Poor level of general trust Higher propensity of believing people try to take of advantage of others Lower propensity to reciprocate Poor political efficacy Odds are adjusted for age, gender, and immigration status. 12

13 Likelihood of positive social and economic outcomes among highly literate adults (scoring at Level 4/5 compared with those scoring at Level 1 or below) 5,0 Average Germany England (UK) Flanders (Belgium) 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 Odds ratio Good to excellent health Being Employed High levels of trust Participation in volunteer activities High levels of political efficacy High wages 13

14 COMPETENTIES GEBRUIKEN IS CRUCIAAL 14

15 Index of use Use of skills at work Most frequent use = 4 2,2 Average 2 England/N. Ireland (UK) 1,8 Italy 1,6 Flanders Netherlands2 1,4 Reading at work Writing at work Least frequent use = 0 Numeracy at work ICT at work Problem solving at work

16 What matters for literacy proficiency (score point differences) Canada Flanders Germany Netherlands Average England/N.Irel Italy 16

17 COMPETENTIES OF KWALIFICATIES? 17

18 The effect of education and literacy on labour market participation 18

19 Difference in average earnings of tertiary educated workers (with skill level 2) and more highly skilled non-tertiary educated workers (with skill level 3) Higher skilled, less educated workers earn more Less skilled, tertiary educated workers earn more 19

20 Difference in average earnings of tertiary educated workers (with skill level 2) and more highly skilled non-tertiary educated workers (with skill level 4/5) Higher Difference skilled, in average earnings of tertiary educated workers (with skill Less skilled, level 2) tertiary and less educated more workers highly skilled non-tertiary educated workers (with skill level 4/5) earn more educated workers earn more 20

21 MEER DAN GELETTERDHEID 21

22 Educational attainment related to positive social outcomes Probability 0,8 0,8 0,7 0,7 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,5 Level 3 or higher, tertiary Level 2 or below, tertiary Level 3 or higher, below upper secondary Level 2 or below, below upper secondary 0,4 High levels of health High levels of political efficacy High levels of trust Participation in volunteer activities 22

23 Standard deviation Non-cognitive skills matter as well 1 Causal effects of skills on health 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 Alcohol dependency Obesity 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 Cognitive skills Non-cognitive skills Source: ZEW 2012 standard deviation in outcomes due to standard deviation of skills 23

24 Impact of social and emotional skills on criminal behaviour Cognitive Social and emotional Less likely to report engaging in conduct -35% problems -30% -25% -20% -15% -10% -5% 0% 5% Percentage points 24

25 Interaction between cognitive and non-cognitive skills Likelihood of reporting mild depression 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% High social and emotional Low social and emotional Confidence intervals (95%) 15% 10% 5% 0% Deciles of cognitive skills 25

26 ENKELE CONCLUSIES 26

27 Enkele conclusies We moeten ons niet alleen zorgen maken over blijvend hoog aantal laaggeletterden, maar ook over de groep laag-midden geletterden Lage geletterdheid heeft allerlei problematische gevolgen, waarvan de maatschappelijke kost op lange termijn ondergewaardeerd wordt 27

28 Enkele conclusies Stimuleren van gebruik van competenties in werk en niet-werk omgevingen is cruciaal We moeten op een radicalere manier het kwalificatie-fetisjisme in vraag stellen en competenties beter valoriseren en waarden Naast en doorheen geletterdheid en cognitieve competenties blijken sociale en emotionele competenties erg belangrijk te zijn 28

29 Dank! 29

30 Vaardig genoeg voor de 21 ste eeuw? Samen aan de slag met de Vlaamse PIAAC resultaten! Brussel - 20 maart 2014

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