AIR CAPTURE FOR GREENHOUSES. * Image adapted from Dr Ten B.V.

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1 AIR CAPTURE FOR GREENHOUSES * Image adapted from Dr Ten B.V.

2 2 CCUS in the cement industy 12 December 2017

3 3 CCUS in the cement industy 12 December 2017

4 THERE IS NOT ONE CCUS?? Source: Utrecht University Re-use 4 CATO Meets the Projects

5 CAPTURE IN 1930 PREPARED FOR TNO - TU/e DISCUSSION

6 One million tonnes of CO2 per year: world s first and largest commercial scale coal-fired CCS project ($1.24 billion) 6 CCUS in the cement industy 12 December 2017

7 HORTICULTURE PREPARED FOR TNO - TU/e DISCUSSION

8 PREPARED FOR TNO - TU/e DISCUSSION

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10 PREPARED FOR TNO - TU/e DISCUSSION

11 Audi's "e-diesel" uses Climeworks's DAC system. Transportation fuels can provide an early revenue opportunity for DAC companies. Audi's "e-diesel" uses Climeworks's DAC system. Transportation fuels can provide an early revenue opportunity for DAC companies. PREPARED FOR TNO - TU/e DISCUSSION

12 HOW MUCH ENERGY IS REQUIRED FOR DAC? It depends on how efficient the air capture process is, and what ending concentration of CO2 is required. To get 100% pure CO2 stream at the maximum possible efficiency, it takes approximately 497 kj of energy to generate 1 kg of compressed CO2. However, the world is not ideal. Now more than 4 times that energy needed PREPARED FOR TNO - TU/e DISCUSSION

13 PREPARED FOR TNO - TU/e DISCUSSION

14 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES PREPARED FOR TNO - TU/e DISCUSSION

15 PREPARED FOR TNO - TU/e DISCUSSION DUTCH CONTEXT

16 geothermie geothermie CONCEPT OF AIR CAPTURE Night: loading of sorbent bed with CO 2 from air Day: enriching circulation of air with CO 2 from sorbent bed lucht uit lucht in lucht circulatie

17 DOELSTELLING De doelstelling van dit project is om te komen tot een met de kas geïntegreerd CO 2 afvang en doseer systeem dat de CO 2 concentratie in de kas kan verhogen tot de gewenste concentratie gebruikmakend van CO 2 uit de lucht en tegen 40 euro per ton CO2 (CAPEX en OPEX).

18 Sterkten: Klimaat neutrale CO 2 productie Systeemintegratie met geothermie Zelfvoorzienende tuinder Geen grootschalige infrastructuur nodig of transportbewegingen voor de levering van CO 2 Relatief lage CAPEX en OPEX Zwakten Laag TRL niveau Lage concentratie CO 2 in atmosfeer, daardoor veel luchtverplaatsing noodzakelijk Er moet rekening gehouden worden met de stabiliteit van de sorbents Kansen Groot marktpotentieel zowel nationaal als internationaal Veel interesse van de eindgebruiker Weinig alternatieven voor klimaat neutrale CO 2 voor glastuinbouw

19 PROJECT WORK FLOW Adsorbent selection and testing. Conceptual process design Design basis: 100 kg / hr / ha of CO 2. Proof of concept validation Design basis: 100 g/hr CO 2 continuous. Techno-Economic evaluation Inventory and selection of available (functionalize) sorbents Adsorption and desorption isotherms. Heat and mass balances on air streams. Sizing of equipment (packed bed, heat exchangers, blower) Laboratory tests wrt flow rate, temperature, PCO 2, RH. Durability test with real greenhouse air and in greenhouse conditions Capital cost estimate (equipment) and operating cost estimate (OPEX). Economic benefits and sales. Economic metics: cashflow curves, ROI and NPV.

20 PARTNERS Naam deelnemer Type organisatie 1 Rol in project 1. TNO Onderzoeksorganisatie Project management, onderzoek, product ontwikkeling. 2. LTO Nederland Overig (Brancheorganisatie) Review, randvoorwaarden business case, kennisdeling Glastuinbouwbedrijven *: Pieter Wijnen van Wijnen Square Crops (31,5 ha paprika) Wilko Wisse van Lans Tomaten (52 ha tomaten) Richard van de Lans van Arend Roses (15 ha rozen) Leon Ammerlaan van Ammerlaan, The Green Innovator (4 ha potplanten) Erik Gubbels van Kwekerij Gubbels (25 ha paprika) Erik Persoon van Kwekerij Zwethlande (4 ha Potplanten) MKB (Eindgebruikers) Klankbordgroep *, review, kennisdeling

21 ADSORBENT

22 SYSTEM

23 PROJECT APPROACH Optimisation adsorbent (Q2) Developing pilot system (Q2/3) Demonstration pilot system (Q3/4) Scale-up study (Q4) PREPARED FOR TNO - TU/e DISCUSSION

24 24 Mobile CO2 capture plant 09 January 2018

25 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Take a look: TIME.TNO.NL